exam 3 c&p
Women can tolerate the physiologic and thermal stress of exercise as well as men of comparable fitness and level of acclimatization. true or false?
true.
true or false - Because the lateral malleolus extends further down
true
true or false - If an acute compartment syndrome is not managed properly, irreversible damage can occur within 12 - 24 hours
true
true or false - Increasing the Q-angle increases lateral patellofemoral contact pressures and could promote lateral patellar dislocation.
true
true or false - The ACL and PCL are intrinsic to the knee joint; while the MCL and LCL are extrinsic to the knee joint.
true
true or false - The PCL is stronger than the ACL.
true
true or false - The blood supply to the lower leg, ankle, and foot enters the lower extremity as the femoral artery.
true
true or false - The patella serves to increase the effective power of the quadriceps.
true
true or false - an individual who has sustained a grade II inversion ankle sprain will be able to bear some weight, but definitely walks with a limp
true
true or false - stress fractures of the tibia and fibular result from repetitive stress to the leg leading to muscle fatigue
true
true or false -The superior tibiofibular joint is located near the knee (i.e., not the ankle.)
true
pupillary light reflex
* Light causes dilation when one eye is covered. * Check reaction to light - ordinarily constrict (protective)
Acclimatization to heat requires ______________ days of moderate exercise during hot weather.
10-14
respiration rate for adults
10-25 breaths per minute.
normal BP
110-120/70-80
normal heart rate for children
120-140
hypertension
140/90 or higher
respiration rate for children
20-25 breaths per minute
For every pound of water lost during physical activity, ______ of fluid should be ingested.
24 ounces
The 2nd - 5th toes are comprised of __________ phalanges.
3
Acute rupture of the Achilles tendon is more commonly seen in individuals between the ages of
30 to 50
normal heart rate for adults
60-100 bpm
Acclimatization and electrolyte replacement are the two most critical factors in preventing exertional heat stroke. true or false?
False.
The immediate management of a suspected acute compartment syndrome includes I) Application of cold II) Application of a compression wrap III) Elevation of the lower leg IV) Total rest V) Immediate referral to an emergency room VI) Referral to a physician prior to return to activity
I, IV, and V
The function of the _____________________ is to resist valgus forces acting on the knee.
MCL
The medial meniscus has an attachment to which ligament?
MCL
MCL 2nd degree sprain
Pain - sharp, transiet, or lasting Increased localized swelling and joint effusion Impaired function - inability to walk with heel on ground Unable to fully extend knee
Prevention of knee injuries
Physical conditioning Footwear Bracing Rule changes
skin color - abnormal colors
Red, white (or gray), and blue (cyanosis) are abnormal (oxygen/oxygen flow issues). Can indicate abnormal blood flow or low blood oxygen concentration in a particular body part or area
what is an example of a diuretic?
alcoholic beverage
An individual is experiencing intense itching on the palms of the hands, wheezing, rapid and weak pulse, tightness and swelling in the throat and chest, and swelling of the mucous membranes. What condition should be suspected?
anaphylactic shock
Q angle
angle between line of resultant forced produced by quadriceps and line of patellar tendon. males 13 degrees, females 18 degrees increase q angle = increased lateral patellofemoral contact decreased q angle = increased medial tibiofemoral contact
in and inversion ankle sprain, the first ligament to tear is the
anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)
The "C" in ACL stands for
cruciate
In assessing urine to determine an individual's hydration status, what would suggest inadequate hydration?
dark yellow urine of small volume and strong odor.
The ligaments that stabilize the lateral aspect of the ankle include each of the following except the:
deltoid ligament
pulse volume
describes the sensation of the contraction strong/weak
patellofemoral joint motion
during knee flexion and extension, patella glides in the trochlear groove. Tracking dependent on the direction of the net force produced by the attached quadriceps. A little lateral pull.
True or false - An individual who has sustained a grade I inversion ankle sprain will report hearing a "pop" and will be able to bear weight immediately after the injury
false
true or false - An individual who has sustained a grade III inversion ankle sprain will report hearing a "pop" and be able to bear some weight, but definitely walks with a limp.
false
true or false - As stress is applied to the ankle during plantar flexion and inversion, the first ligament to tear is the calcaeofibular ligament.
false
true or false - In an acute compartment syndrome, signs of neurovascular compression will develop after the individual stops exercising
false
low bp
insufficient flow to organs
most common ankle sprain?
inversion sprain
a common mechanism of injury for turf toe is
jamming the toe into the end of the shoe
all nerves for ankle and lower leg come from
lumbar spine
Which of the following is a common injury associated with pes planus?
medial tibial stress syndrome
kinetics
motions performed
Respiration character
normal: without pain or effort. No abnormalities. * Wheezing, shallow, irregular, rapid deep, rapid shallow breathing are abnormal.
In ensuring replacement of electrolytes lost during intense exercise in the heat, electrolyte solutions (e.g., Gatorade) are.....?
not necessary for individuals with normal, healthy diets.
an excessively high arch that does not flatten during weight bearing is referred to as
pes cavus
least stable position of the ankle
plantar flexion
the common mechanism for a lateral ankle sprain is
planter flexion and inversion
shock is characterized by
rapid and weak pulse
pulse rate
reflects the rapidity of the heart contractions.
diastolic pressure
residual pressure in the arteries when the heart is between beats. Adults - 70-80 mm Hg, child 80-90 mmHg.
medial tibial stress syndrome is aggravated by
resisted plantar flexion
In emergency situations, consciousness is determined by:
response to verbal and sensory stimuli
Shock can occur with injuries involving
severe pain, spinal cord, intra-abdominal or intrathoracic regions (all)
kinematics
study of forces associated with motions
inversion and eversion movement occur primarily at the
subtalar joint
A function of the plantar arches is to
support and distribute body weight from the talus through the foot
the true ankle joint is the
talocrural joint
what is considered the knee joint?
tibiofemoral joint
The primary objective of fluid replacement when exercising in hot, humid weather is...
to maintain plasma volume
During exercise in the heat, light-colored, lightweight porous clothing is preferred. true or false?
true
Some individuals who know that they are hypersensitive to a substance carry medication (e.g., epinephrine) to manage the condition. true or false?
true
Sudden cardiac death is defined as an unexpected death owing to sudden cardiac arrest within 6 hours of an otherwise normal clinical healthy state. true or false?
true
True or False? Management of a contusion to the gastrocnemius includes the application of cold and placing the muscle in a stretched position.
true
normal body temp
98.6 degrees F. skin responsible for regulating temp.
An individual reports to the coach with a complaint of localized tenderness over the Achilles tendon that began approximately two weeks earlier, morning stiffness to the area, and pain with active and passive motions involving the Achilles tendon. The coach should
Not permit the individual to participate in activities until being seen by a physician
The buildup of cholesterol within the coronary arteries is termed
atherosclerosis
supination is the combination of the movements of
calcaneal inversion, foot adduction, plantar flexion
best place to assess pulse? where to go when there's difficulty?
carotid artery, two fingers no thumb. can assess capillary refill.
true or false - The interosseous membrane covers the plantar aspect of the foot.
false
eye movements
presence of diplopia (double vision), tracking ability, depth perception. Nystagmus - involuntary rapid movement of the eye.
systolic pressure
pressure when heart is beating (pumping blood). Adult 110-120mm Hg, 125-140 mm Hg.
The anterior cruciate ligament
prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur
knee extension
quadriceps - rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, v intermedius, v medialis, v medialis oblique. screwing-home motion - knee locks in place basically rotation and passive abduction and adduction - capability maximal at approximately 90 degrees of knee flexion
MCL 3rd degree sprain
Same S&S as 2nd but more intense. Distinguish by - will hear pop.
shock, regardless of the type, is a medical emergency.... true or false?
true
true or false - The knee is a hinge joint. As such, it is capable of flexion/ extension and abduction/adduction.
false
true or false - The mechanism of injury for an acute compartment syndrome is typically related to training errors (e.g., too much activity too soon.)
false
true or false - swelling and ecchymosis are accurate indicators of the severity of an inversion sprain
false
true or false - the type of footwear worn for an activity has minimal impact on the prevention of injuries to the foot and ankle.
false
true or false -There are several bursa that are a part of the knee. All of those bursa are located within the joint capsule.
false
anaphylaxis is a systemic allergic reaction true or false?
false, acute.
The _______ is the main body stabilizer during walking or running.
hallux
true or false - A function of the meniscus of the knee is to deepen the joint and, in doing so, provide more stability to the knee joint.
true
true or false - Although a normal amount of pronation is useful in reducing the peak forces sustained during foot impact, excessive or prolonged pronation can lead to several overuse injuries.
true
true or false - Because the foot deforms during weight bearing, it absorbs a smaller force of longer duration than it would if the foot did not deform.
true
true or false - Turf toe is a sprain of the plantar capsular ligament of the first MTP joint.
true
true or false - a sign of an achilles tendon rupture is that the individual hears a "pop" in the posterior ankle
true
Prolonged pressure against the medial aspect of the first MTP joint that leads to thickening of the medial capsule and bursa and results in a severe valgus deformity of the great toe is referred to as
hallus valgus
knee flexion
hamstrings assisted by popliteus, gastrocnemius, gracilis, sartorius.
leading cause of loss of consciousness in sport activity is due to
head injuries
what predisposes an individual to eversion ankle sprains?
hypermobile feet
An adult participant in an aerobics class stops activity and reports pain radiating down the left arm, shortness of breath, and nausea. What condition should be suspected?
heart attack
Each of the following signs and symptoms is indicative of shock EXCEPT A. anxiety, restlessness B. extreme thirst C. hot, dry skin D. nausea and/or vomiting
hot, dry skin
A condition characterized by abnormal thickening of the left ventricle of the heart that develops before age 20 and typically goes undetected during routine physical examination is termed
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy