Exam 3 - Ch. 9, 10, 14, 15

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Based on the 2017 guidelines, high blood pressure should now be treated with lifestyle and in some patients with medication at:

130/80

Based on the 2017 guidelines, stage 2 high blood pressure is defined as:

140/90

The Dietary Reference Intake recommendation for water is based on this age group:

19-30

The Dietary Reference Intake for water meets about _____ percent of adult daily needs.

80

The fat-soluble vitamins are:

A, D, E, K

The individuals who are most likely to have full-blown deficiencies of the B vitamins are:

Alcoholics

When is the best time to drink water?

All of the above (before, during, and after a workout)

Contaminants that may appear in drinking water include all of the following except:

All of the above are potential contaminants. (Pharmaceutical products, viruses, agricultural waste, fuel runoff)

Water is lost from the body by all of the following except:

All of the above are ways the body loses water. (breathing, sweating, having bowel movements, urinating)

The purest forms of drinking water come from ______.

Aquifers

The list of foods with the most bioavailable sources of iron is:

Beef, chicken, pork, fortified breakfast cereals

All of the following cooking methods should be used to preserve the vitamin content of foods except:

Boiling

The most abundant mineral in the body is:

Calcium

All of the following are cruciferous vegetables except:

Carrots

All of the following are classified as vitamins except:

Choline

This dietary component is a recent addition to the list of essential nutrients.

Choline

A deficiency of this trace mineral may lead to impaired blood glucose and elevated blood cholesterol.

Chromium

The importance of ___ in human diets has only been recognized in the past four decades.

Chromium

The federal agency that regulates the public water system is:

Environmental Protection Agency

Minerals are organic compounds.

False

Refrigerating fruits and vegetables in an air-tight container increases the spoilage process.

False

Standards for bottled water safety are more rigorous than those applied to tap water.

False

Synthetic vitamins are more healthful than those naturally occurring in foods.

False

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends that adults consume 8 cups of water daily.

False

The water inside of cells is called extracellular fluid.

False

Vitamins are found only in plants.

False

Water intoxication is common in athletes.

False

The mineral that is added to the public water system to prevent dental caries is:

Fluoride

All of the following are electrolytes except

Folate

A maternal deficiency of this vitamin may cause neural tube defects in the fetus.

Folic acid

This vitamin is needed for DNA synthesis.

Folic acid

The federal agency that regulates the quality of bottled water is:

Food and Drug Administration

The functions of vitamin A include all of the following except:

Healthy white blood cells

A deficiency of this trace mineral may result in preterm infants recovering from semistarvation on a milk-based diet.

Copper

The disease that inhibits fat absorption is called:

Cystic fibrosis

Deficiencies of this B vitamin is extremely rare and almost unheard of:

Riboflavin

Beriberi is seen in countries that have diets high in ___.

Rice

A vitamin D deficiency in children is called ___.

Rickets

The list of foods with the most carotenoids are:

Spinach, kale, Brussels sprouts, carrots

A compound must meet all of the following criteria to be classified as a vitamin except:

It must be provided as a supplement

Provitamin A includes all of the following except:

Leptin

The list of foods with the most retinoids are:

Liver, fish, eggs, fortified milk

The RDA for vitamin A for women is ___ than men.

Lower

This trace mineral is needed for bone formation.

Manganese

The list of trace minerals are:

Manganese, selenium, copper, iodide

The list of foods with the most bioavailable sources of calcium is:

Milk, yogurt, ice cream, cheese

Using this substance regularly as a laxative puts you at risk for a fat-soluble vitamin deficiency.

Mineral oil

An adequate intake of this vitamin may help to increase HDL cholesterol.

Niacin

Pellagra is a deficiency of ___.

Niacin

A vitamin D deficiency in adults is called ___.

Osteomalacia

Acid rain contaminates this source of water the most.

Surface water

Most cities get their drinking water from _____.

Surface water

This dietary deficiency disease is the only dietary deficiency disease ever to reach epidemic proportions in the United States.

Pellagra

A deficiency of vitamin B-12 is called ___.

Pernicious anemia

The list of macrominerals are:

Phosphorous, sodium, potassium, magnesium

The compounds that can reduce the bioavailability of minerals are:

Phytates and oxalates

Adults absorb 95%-100% of sodium in food.

True

Dehydration is severe water loss.

True

Drinking water can be produced from oceans.

True

Excessive amounts of sodium and chloride are excreted in urine and perspiration.

True

Excessive amounts of vitamin E can interfere with vitamin K's role in blood clotting.

True

In general, men require more water than women.

True

Iron-deficiency anemia is one of the most common nutrient deficiencies globally.

True

Manganese is toxic at high doses and can cause nerve damage.

True

Minerals often compete with each other for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.

True

Minerals remain stable in food and are not destroyed by heat, acid, oxygen, or ultraviolet light.

True

Most minerals remain intact during digestion and absorption.

True

Most of the calcium in the body is found in bones and teeth.

True

Some vitamins are more potent in their natural form than in their synthetic form.

True

Spinach is naturally high in calcium, but much of that calcium is not bioavailable.

True

The body's water content fluctuates during the day.

True

The main role of vitamin E is to prevent free radicals from entering cells.

True

Water is needed for chemical reactions in the body.

True

The proportion of water inside cells is ________.

Two-thirds

Low levels of intrinsic factor and a deficiency of this vitamin may require monthly injections.

Vitamin B-12

This vitamin is synthesized by bacteria, fungi, and other lower organisms.

Vitamin B-12

A deficiency of this vitamin is called scurvy.

Vitamin C

This vitamin helps with iron absorption.

Vitamin C

This vitamin is needed for collagen synthesis and wound healing.

Vitamin C

The vitamin that is also a hormone is ___.

Vitamin D

The vitamin that is made during sun exposure is ___.

Vitamin D

The nutrient that predominates in most food is:

Water

Water has approximately ______ calories per serving.

Zero

A deficiency of this trace mineral can lead to poor sexual development in children.

Zinc

This trace mineral is a part of 200 or so enzymes.

Zinc

The two minerals that make up table salt are:

Chloride and sodium

Your body works best when its temperature is about ____ degrees.

98.6 F

The following beverages promote the most water excretion:

Coffee, tea, alcohol

Heme iron is found primarily in plants.

False

A deficiency of ___ causes goiter.

Iodide

This trace mineral is needed for healthy function of the thyroid.

Iodide

The most abundant trace mineral in the body is:

Iron

The only nutrient for which young women have a greater RDA than do adult men is ___.

Iron

This trace mineral is a part of hemoglobin in red blood cells.

Iron

The group of foods that are not excellent sources of folate include all of the following except:

Orange juice, spinach, broccoli, breakfast cereals

Water is needed for all of the following functions except:

Ovulation

The list of foods with the most bioavailable sources of copper is:

Pumpkin seeds, walnuts, sunflower seeds, peanuts

Water needs vary by all of the following except:

Race

All of the following are characteristics of B vitamins except:

The need for them decreases as energy expenditure increases

Beriberi is a deficiency of ___.

Thiamin


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