Exam 3 - Ch. 9, 10, 14, 15
Based on the 2017 guidelines, high blood pressure should now be treated with lifestyle and in some patients with medication at:
130/80
Based on the 2017 guidelines, stage 2 high blood pressure is defined as:
140/90
The Dietary Reference Intake recommendation for water is based on this age group:
19-30
The Dietary Reference Intake for water meets about _____ percent of adult daily needs.
80
The fat-soluble vitamins are:
A, D, E, K
The individuals who are most likely to have full-blown deficiencies of the B vitamins are:
Alcoholics
When is the best time to drink water?
All of the above (before, during, and after a workout)
Contaminants that may appear in drinking water include all of the following except:
All of the above are potential contaminants. (Pharmaceutical products, viruses, agricultural waste, fuel runoff)
Water is lost from the body by all of the following except:
All of the above are ways the body loses water. (breathing, sweating, having bowel movements, urinating)
The purest forms of drinking water come from ______.
Aquifers
The list of foods with the most bioavailable sources of iron is:
Beef, chicken, pork, fortified breakfast cereals
All of the following cooking methods should be used to preserve the vitamin content of foods except:
Boiling
The most abundant mineral in the body is:
Calcium
All of the following are cruciferous vegetables except:
Carrots
All of the following are classified as vitamins except:
Choline
This dietary component is a recent addition to the list of essential nutrients.
Choline
A deficiency of this trace mineral may lead to impaired blood glucose and elevated blood cholesterol.
Chromium
The importance of ___ in human diets has only been recognized in the past four decades.
Chromium
The federal agency that regulates the public water system is:
Environmental Protection Agency
Minerals are organic compounds.
False
Refrigerating fruits and vegetables in an air-tight container increases the spoilage process.
False
Standards for bottled water safety are more rigorous than those applied to tap water.
False
Synthetic vitamins are more healthful than those naturally occurring in foods.
False
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends that adults consume 8 cups of water daily.
False
The water inside of cells is called extracellular fluid.
False
Vitamins are found only in plants.
False
Water intoxication is common in athletes.
False
The mineral that is added to the public water system to prevent dental caries is:
Fluoride
All of the following are electrolytes except
Folate
A maternal deficiency of this vitamin may cause neural tube defects in the fetus.
Folic acid
This vitamin is needed for DNA synthesis.
Folic acid
The federal agency that regulates the quality of bottled water is:
Food and Drug Administration
The functions of vitamin A include all of the following except:
Healthy white blood cells
A deficiency of this trace mineral may result in preterm infants recovering from semistarvation on a milk-based diet.
Copper
The disease that inhibits fat absorption is called:
Cystic fibrosis
Deficiencies of this B vitamin is extremely rare and almost unheard of:
Riboflavin
Beriberi is seen in countries that have diets high in ___.
Rice
A vitamin D deficiency in children is called ___.
Rickets
The list of foods with the most carotenoids are:
Spinach, kale, Brussels sprouts, carrots
A compound must meet all of the following criteria to be classified as a vitamin except:
It must be provided as a supplement
Provitamin A includes all of the following except:
Leptin
The list of foods with the most retinoids are:
Liver, fish, eggs, fortified milk
The RDA for vitamin A for women is ___ than men.
Lower
This trace mineral is needed for bone formation.
Manganese
The list of trace minerals are:
Manganese, selenium, copper, iodide
The list of foods with the most bioavailable sources of calcium is:
Milk, yogurt, ice cream, cheese
Using this substance regularly as a laxative puts you at risk for a fat-soluble vitamin deficiency.
Mineral oil
An adequate intake of this vitamin may help to increase HDL cholesterol.
Niacin
Pellagra is a deficiency of ___.
Niacin
A vitamin D deficiency in adults is called ___.
Osteomalacia
Acid rain contaminates this source of water the most.
Surface water
Most cities get their drinking water from _____.
Surface water
This dietary deficiency disease is the only dietary deficiency disease ever to reach epidemic proportions in the United States.
Pellagra
A deficiency of vitamin B-12 is called ___.
Pernicious anemia
The list of macrominerals are:
Phosphorous, sodium, potassium, magnesium
The compounds that can reduce the bioavailability of minerals are:
Phytates and oxalates
Adults absorb 95%-100% of sodium in food.
True
Dehydration is severe water loss.
True
Drinking water can be produced from oceans.
True
Excessive amounts of sodium and chloride are excreted in urine and perspiration.
True
Excessive amounts of vitamin E can interfere with vitamin K's role in blood clotting.
True
In general, men require more water than women.
True
Iron-deficiency anemia is one of the most common nutrient deficiencies globally.
True
Manganese is toxic at high doses and can cause nerve damage.
True
Minerals often compete with each other for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
True
Minerals remain stable in food and are not destroyed by heat, acid, oxygen, or ultraviolet light.
True
Most minerals remain intact during digestion and absorption.
True
Most of the calcium in the body is found in bones and teeth.
True
Some vitamins are more potent in their natural form than in their synthetic form.
True
Spinach is naturally high in calcium, but much of that calcium is not bioavailable.
True
The body's water content fluctuates during the day.
True
The main role of vitamin E is to prevent free radicals from entering cells.
True
Water is needed for chemical reactions in the body.
True
The proportion of water inside cells is ________.
Two-thirds
Low levels of intrinsic factor and a deficiency of this vitamin may require monthly injections.
Vitamin B-12
This vitamin is synthesized by bacteria, fungi, and other lower organisms.
Vitamin B-12
A deficiency of this vitamin is called scurvy.
Vitamin C
This vitamin helps with iron absorption.
Vitamin C
This vitamin is needed for collagen synthesis and wound healing.
Vitamin C
The vitamin that is also a hormone is ___.
Vitamin D
The vitamin that is made during sun exposure is ___.
Vitamin D
The nutrient that predominates in most food is:
Water
Water has approximately ______ calories per serving.
Zero
A deficiency of this trace mineral can lead to poor sexual development in children.
Zinc
This trace mineral is a part of 200 or so enzymes.
Zinc
The two minerals that make up table salt are:
Chloride and sodium
Your body works best when its temperature is about ____ degrees.
98.6 F
The following beverages promote the most water excretion:
Coffee, tea, alcohol
Heme iron is found primarily in plants.
False
A deficiency of ___ causes goiter.
Iodide
This trace mineral is needed for healthy function of the thyroid.
Iodide
The most abundant trace mineral in the body is:
Iron
The only nutrient for which young women have a greater RDA than do adult men is ___.
Iron
This trace mineral is a part of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
Iron
The group of foods that are not excellent sources of folate include all of the following except:
Orange juice, spinach, broccoli, breakfast cereals
Water is needed for all of the following functions except:
Ovulation
The list of foods with the most bioavailable sources of copper is:
Pumpkin seeds, walnuts, sunflower seeds, peanuts
Water needs vary by all of the following except:
Race
All of the following are characteristics of B vitamins except:
The need for them decreases as energy expenditure increases
Beriberi is a deficiency of ___.
Thiamin