Exam 3- Chapter 19

Which blood transfusions in the table are incompatible?

2,3,5

Herceptin is an example of...

A monoclonal antibody used to treat breast cancer

Some types of allergies take several days to manifest on the skin. These are called type IV (delayed) hypersensitivities. They are due to _________.

Activation of T cells

Which of the following disease are autoimmune disease?

All are autoimmune disease

In hypersensitivity reactions, the body becoes sensitized to an antigen, also called a(n)?

Allergen

describe thrombocytopenic purpura

An antibody response is induced when a drug binds to platelets. Complement is activated, the platelet get destroyed, and purple spots appear on the skin.

describe a cytotoxic autoimmune reaction?

Antibodies react to cell-surface antigens.

A pt. with severe burns on her hands and arms has a skin graft with skin taken from her upper thigh. This type of tissue transplant is a(n)________.

Autograft

T/F: Hypersensitivity occurs when an individual is exposed to an allergen for the first time

False

T/F: Immunodeficiencies are a result of Autoimmune disease

False

T/F: Is HAART for HIV infection an example of immunotherapy for cancer treatment or prevention?

False

T/F: Is Poison Ivy Rash a case of localized anaphylaxis?

False

T/F: Type I reactions involve helper T cells.

False

T/F: IgG and IgM antibodies are involved in type (1) (anaphylactic) hypersensitivity reactions?

False

Immune complexes cause tissue damage by

Fixing complexes

Plays an important role in Type 1 (anaphylactic) Hypersensitivity?

Histamine

When mast cells degranulate, the mediators they release include leuktrienes, prostaglandins, and _______?

Histamines

Disease such as multiple scelorosis and rheumatic fever are much more common in individuals with a particular _________type.

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)

What type of immunoglobulin binds to mast cells during an allergic reaction?

IgE

Anaphylaxis is the term from RX caused when certain antigens combine with_______-

IgE antibodies

The desensitization for allergy treatments are aimed at producing __________.

IgG

How does RhoGAM prevent the production of anti-RH antibodies

It clears the Rh molecules involved in self-recognition

what is the importance of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex?

It controls production of molecules involved in self-recognition.

In hemolytic disease of the newborn, fetal red blood cells are targeted for destruction by________.

Maternal IgG antibodies

Although maternal- fetal incompatibilities are possible in the ABO blood group, the incidence of adverse reactions in the fetus or newborn is far less common than int the case of Rh incompatibilities. Which of the following is them most likely explanation?

Maternal anti-A and anti-B antibodies typically do not cross the placenta.

The number of T cells drops to below 200 cells/microliter in which phase of HIV infection?

Phases 3

Which of the following descriptions does NOT match the autoimmune disease it is paired with?

Psoriasis: IgE antibodies cause release of histamines in the skin, resulting in itchiness and red patches.

Following an organ transplant, therapeutic immunosuppression to prevent organ rejection may be accomplished by ______?

RhoGAM

Graft- versus- host GVH disease can occur when______.

T and B cells are transplanted

T/F: Human embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and typically obtain from the blastocyst stage of embryonic development

True

T/F: Is Rheumatoid Arthritis a type of III autoimmune disease?

True

A skin test is used to identify allergens that cause ________ in an individual

Type (1) hypersensitivity

Hay fever, asthma, and systemic anaphylaxis are examples of_______.

Type I Hypersensitivity

Blood transfusion hypersensitivity reactions are examples of ________.

Type II (Cytotoxic) Hypersensitivity

When an individual receives a blood transfusion, the blood types must be matched appropriately. If the blood types are incorrectly matched, an allergic reaction can occur. These types of reactions are best defined as....

Type II Hypersensitivity

Glomerulonephritis is a condition that occurs as a result of _________.

Type III Hypersensitivity

Which of the following types of transplant is least compatible?

Xenotransplant

Which type of graft will most likely cause hyper acute rejection?

Xenotransplant

Which antibodies will be in the serum of a person with blood type B, Rh +?

anti- A

During the asymptomatic phase of I of HIV disease, HIV infection is diagnosed by

detecting viral RNA

Attachment of HIV to the target cell depends on

gp 120 combining with the CD4+ receptors

The bone marrow and umbilical cord are sources of _______ stem cells.

hematopoietic

A healthy immune system destroys cancer cells with

CTL's and activted macrophages

A vaccine has reduced the incidence of which of the following cancers?

Cervical Cancer

What helps promote the development of self-tolerance and prevent the eventual development of autoimmune disease?

Clonal deletion of self- reactive T cells

Which of the following promotes the development of self-tolerance, and prevents the eventual development of autoimmune disease?

Clonal deletion of self-reactive T cells