Exam 3- Chapter 19
Which blood transfusions in the table are incompatible?
2,3,5
Herceptin is an example of...
A monoclonal antibody used to treat breast cancer
Some types of allergies take several days to manifest on the skin. These are called type IV (delayed) hypersensitivities. They are due to _________.
Activation of T cells
Which of the following disease are autoimmune disease?
All are autoimmune disease
In hypersensitivity reactions, the body becoes sensitized to an antigen, also called a(n)?
Allergen
describe thrombocytopenic purpura
An antibody response is induced when a drug binds to platelets. Complement is activated, the platelet get destroyed, and purple spots appear on the skin.
describe a cytotoxic autoimmune reaction?
Antibodies react to cell-surface antigens.
A pt. with severe burns on her hands and arms has a skin graft with skin taken from her upper thigh. This type of tissue transplant is a(n)________.
Autograft
T/F: Hypersensitivity occurs when an individual is exposed to an allergen for the first time
False
T/F: Immunodeficiencies are a result of Autoimmune disease
False
T/F: Is HAART for HIV infection an example of immunotherapy for cancer treatment or prevention?
False
T/F: Is Poison Ivy Rash a case of localized anaphylaxis?
False
T/F: Type I reactions involve helper T cells.
False
T/F: IgG and IgM antibodies are involved in type (1) (anaphylactic) hypersensitivity reactions?
False
Immune complexes cause tissue damage by
Fixing complexes
Plays an important role in Type 1 (anaphylactic) Hypersensitivity?
Histamine
When mast cells degranulate, the mediators they release include leuktrienes, prostaglandins, and _______?
Histamines
Disease such as multiple scelorosis and rheumatic fever are much more common in individuals with a particular _________type.
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)
What type of immunoglobulin binds to mast cells during an allergic reaction?
IgE
Anaphylaxis is the term from RX caused when certain antigens combine with_______-
IgE antibodies
The desensitization for allergy treatments are aimed at producing __________.
IgG
How does RhoGAM prevent the production of anti-RH antibodies
It clears the Rh molecules involved in self-recognition
what is the importance of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex?
It controls production of molecules involved in self-recognition.
In hemolytic disease of the newborn, fetal red blood cells are targeted for destruction by________.
Maternal IgG antibodies
Although maternal- fetal incompatibilities are possible in the ABO blood group, the incidence of adverse reactions in the fetus or newborn is far less common than int the case of Rh incompatibilities. Which of the following is them most likely explanation?
Maternal anti-A and anti-B antibodies typically do not cross the placenta.
The number of T cells drops to below 200 cells/microliter in which phase of HIV infection?
Phases 3
Which of the following descriptions does NOT match the autoimmune disease it is paired with?
Psoriasis: IgE antibodies cause release of histamines in the skin, resulting in itchiness and red patches.
Following an organ transplant, therapeutic immunosuppression to prevent organ rejection may be accomplished by ______?
RhoGAM
Graft- versus- host GVH disease can occur when______.
T and B cells are transplanted
T/F: Human embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and typically obtain from the blastocyst stage of embryonic development
True
T/F: Is Rheumatoid Arthritis a type of III autoimmune disease?
True
A skin test is used to identify allergens that cause ________ in an individual
Type (1) hypersensitivity
Hay fever, asthma, and systemic anaphylaxis are examples of_______.
Type I Hypersensitivity
Blood transfusion hypersensitivity reactions are examples of ________.
Type II (Cytotoxic) Hypersensitivity
When an individual receives a blood transfusion, the blood types must be matched appropriately. If the blood types are incorrectly matched, an allergic reaction can occur. These types of reactions are best defined as....
Type II Hypersensitivity
Glomerulonephritis is a condition that occurs as a result of _________.
Type III Hypersensitivity
Which of the following types of transplant is least compatible?
Xenotransplant
Which type of graft will most likely cause hyper acute rejection?
Xenotransplant
Which antibodies will be in the serum of a person with blood type B, Rh +?
anti- A
During the asymptomatic phase of I of HIV disease, HIV infection is diagnosed by
detecting viral RNA
Attachment of HIV to the target cell depends on
gp 120 combining with the CD4+ receptors
The bone marrow and umbilical cord are sources of _______ stem cells.
hematopoietic
A healthy immune system destroys cancer cells with
CTL's and activted macrophages
A vaccine has reduced the incidence of which of the following cancers?
Cervical Cancer
What helps promote the development of self-tolerance and prevent the eventual development of autoimmune disease?
Clonal deletion of self- reactive T cells
Which of the following promotes the development of self-tolerance, and prevents the eventual development of autoimmune disease?
Clonal deletion of self-reactive T cells