EXAM # 3 Chapter 6 Daoism(Taoism)&Confucianism Chapter 7 Shinto.

OHARAI

SHINTO purification ceremony.

DAOISM-CONFUCIANISM

(s) two contrasting ways of harmonizing with the cosmos- the more mystically religious ways, which are collectively called Daoism, and the more political and moral ways, which are known as Confucianism. Like yin and yang, they interpenetrate and complement each other, and are themselves evolving dynamically.

DAOIST TEACHING

(s)At the heart of Daoist teaching is the idea of Dao, the unnamable, the eternally real, which cannot be defined. There are several basic principles for the life in harmony with Dao. -One is to experience the transcendent unity of all things, rather than separation. -This realization can only be attained when one ceases to feel any personal preferences.

COSMIC BALANCE

(s)It is basically the stuff of which all things that exist are composed. It has two aspects whose interplay causes the ever changing phenomena of the universe. Yin is the dark, receptive, female aspect; Yang is the bright assertive, male, aspect. Wisdom lies in recognizing their ever shifting, but regular and balanced, patterns of moving with them. This creative rhythm of the universe is called the Dao, or way.

TORII

(s)Tall gate frames known as torii must be crossed to enter the holy precinct of the kami.

CONFUCIANISM (Confucius)

(s)The Chinese honored him as Kong Fuzi (Master Kong) and called his teaching Rujiao (the teaching of the scholars). =Confucianism focuses on ways of developing a just and orderly society. =He proposed that the rulers should perform classical rites and music properly so that they would remain of visibly high moral character and thus inspire the common people to become virtuous. =it was Confucius who edited older documents pertaining to the six classics of China's cultural heritage (the yijing, poetry, history, rituals, music and dance, and the spring and autumn state events known as Lu) and put them into the form now known as the Confucian Classics. =Of his role, Confucius claimed "I am a transmitter and not a creator. I believe in and have a passion for the ancients."

DAO DE JING (BOOK)

(s)The Dao de jing ("The Classic of the Way and its Power) is said to have been written for a border guard by Lao Tzu, a curator of the royal library of the Zhou dynasty, when he left the society for the mountains at the reported age of 160. The guard recognized Lao Tzu (Old Master) as a sage and begged him to leave behind a record of his wisdom, and so the Dao de jing was written.

THE CONFUCIAN VIRTUES

(s)The foremost of the virtues that Confucius felt could save society was ren- innate goodness, love, benevolence, perfect virtue, humaneness, and human-heartedness. ===Confucius describes the rare person who is utterly devoted to REN as one who is not motivated by personal profit but by what is moral, is concerned with self improvement rather than public recognition, is ever mindful of parents, speaks cautiously but acts quickly, and regards human nature as basically good. ==The prime exemplar of REN should be the ruler. Rulers were urged to rule not by physical force or coercion but by the example of personal virtue. ===To earn this faith, the ruling class should cultivate themselves by leading lives of virtue and decorum. They should continually adhere to REN always reaching upward, cherishing what is right, rather than reaching downward for material gain. ===

SHANGDI

(s)The highest god was Shangdi the Lord-on-High. He was believed to rule over important phenomena such as the weather, crops, battles, and the king's health. The king was responsible for maintaining harmony between the gods and ancestors and the earthy world.

BOOKS DAOISM

(s)The two most salient texts of the classic Daoist tradition are the Dao de jing and the Zhuangzi. The books central philosophy is a practical concern with improving harmony in life. It says that one can best harmonize with the natural flow of life by being receptive and quiet.

KAMIKAZE

(s)The word kamikaze, divine wind, became a symbol of divine protection of Japan by the kami.

I CHING

(s)To harmonize with the cosmic process, the ancients devised many forms of divination. One system developed during the Zhou dynasty was eventually written down as the Yijing (I Ching) or Book of Changes. It is a common source for both Daoism and Confucianism and is regarded as a classic text in both traditions.

YING &YANG

(s)Yin and yang interpenetrate each other (represented by small circles). As soon as one aspect reaches its fullest point, it begins to diminish, while at the same time its polar opposite increases.

COMPLETE PERFECTION

A monastic tradition combining inner alchemy, meditation, and social morality.

FALUN GONG

A new religious movement combining Buddhism ans Daoist energy practices.

HIGHEST PURITY DAOISM

An elite tradition of celibates who meditate on purification of the body for spiritual elevation.

LI

Ceremonies, rituals, ans rules of proper conduct, in the Confucian tradition. (s)These sacred rituals of ancestor worship are called Li. They are essential because the ancestor will help their descendants if treated with proper respect, or cause trouble if ignored.

NEO-CONFUCIANISM

Confucianism stressing the importance of mediation ans dedication to becoming a sage, established during the Chinese song Dynasty.

CELESTIAL MASTER

Daoist tradition with hereditary linage of priests representing celestial deities.

KANNAGARA

Harmony with the way of the KAMI. (s)Kannagara (the way or nature of the kami) can be understood as "natural religion"

REN

Humanity, benevolence--the central Confucian virtue.

TSUMI

Impurity or misfortune, a quality that SHINTO purification practices are designed to remove. (s )ritual impurity is a serious problem that obscures our originally pristine nature; it may offend the kami and bring about calamities, such as drought, famine, or war. The quality of impurity or misfortune is called tsumi. ===It can arise through contact with low level spirits, negative energy from corpses, negative vibrations from wicked minds, hostility toward others or the environment, or through natural catastrophes. In contrast to repentance, tsumi requires purification=

YANG

In Chinese philosophy, the bright, assertive, "male" energy in the universe.

WU WEI

In Daoism, "Not doing," in the sense of taking no action contrary to the natural flow. (s)This is the uniquely Daoist paradox of wu wei- actionless action, or taking no intentional or invasive action contrary to the natural flow of things. =Wu Wei is spontaneous, creative activity proceeding from the Dao, action without ego assertion, letting the Dao take its course. =The result of wu wei is noninterference with the natural course.

YING

In the Chinese philosophy, the dark, receptive, "female" energy in the universe.

LITERATI

Intellectuals ans scholars.

MISOGI

The SHINTO waterfall purification ritual.

FENG SHUI

The art of architecture that harmonize with natural energy flows.

KAMI

The invisible sacred quality that evokes wonder and awe in us, the invisible spirits throughout nature that are born of this essence. (s) According to Japanese mythology, a deity gave birth to many kami (or spirits), two of which were told to organize the material world.To rule the earthly kingdom, they created the one who illuminates the sky, or goddess of the sun, and they gave birth to the ancestors of the Japanese. ==All of the natural world (land, trees, mountains, waters, animals, people) is thus joined in kinship as the spiritual creation of the kami. ===Kami can either be singular or plural, for the word refers to a single essence manifesting in many places. Rather than evoking an image kami refers to quality. It means literally "that which is above" and also refers to that which invokes wonder and awe within us. The kami harmonize heaven and earth and also guide the solar system and the cosmos.

QI(CH'I)

The vital energy in the universe and in bodies according to Chinese cosmology and the Chinese sciences. (s)In addition to ancestors, gods, and heaven, there has long existed in China a belief that the cosmos is a manifestation of an impersonal self-generating physical-spiritual substance called qi (chi).

DAO (TAO)

The way or path; the nameless.