exam 3 chem 107

Which of the following polarity-based descriptions is correct for the interior of a lipid bilayer? Nonpolar tails Polar heads Nonpolar heads Polar tails

Nonpolar tails

What is the most abundant type of membrane lipid? Cholesterol Eicosanoids Sphingoglycolipids Phospholipids

Phospholipids

What feature does a carbohydrate possess that generates stereoisomerism? Presence of three or more carbon atoms Presence of a chiral center Presence of an achiral center Presence of structural rigidity

Presence of a chiral center

What are the two large families of lipids that have messenger functions? Steroid hormones and phospholipids Steroid hormones and eicosanoids Steroid hormones and triacylglycerols Steroid hormones and sphingolipids

Steroid hormones and phospholipids

How can you identify the D isomer of a carbohydrate by looking at the Fischer projection formula? The -OH group on the chiral carbon closest to the carbonyl group is pointing to the right. The -OH group on the chiral carbon closest to the carbonyl group is pointing to the right. The -OH group on the chiral carbon farthest from the carbonyl group is pointing to the right. The -OH group on the chiral carbon farthest from the carbonyl group is pointing to the left.

The -OH group on the chiral carbon farthest from the carbonyl group is pointing to the right.

Which of the following statements is true about the classification of fatty acids? They are classified as saturated or branched unsaturated fatty acids. They are classified as saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fatty acids. None of the statements are true. They are classified as saturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids.

They are classified as saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Identify the functions of carbohydrates in the human body. All the choices listed are functions of carbohydrates in the human body. They provide energy during their oxidation and a short-term energy reserve. When linked to proteins, they are involved in the cell-cell and cell-molecule recognition process, and they function as structural components of cell membranes when linked to lipids. They form part of the framework for nucleic acids and supply carbon atoms for synthesis of other biomolecules.

They provide energy during their oxidation and a short-term energy reserve.

Haworth projection formula for a monosaccharide is a formula showing: a line structure of a stable internal acetal. a line structure of a stable internal hemiacetal. a two-dimensional notation that specifies the three-dimensional structure of a stable cyclic acetal. a two-dimensional notation that specifies the three-dimensional structure of a cyclic monosaccharide.

a two-dimensional notation that specifies the three-dimensional structure of a cyclic monosaccharide.

which of the following best describes the function of lipoproteins? a. LDLs carry cholesterol from liver to the tissues and HDLs carry excess cholesterol back to the liver b. HDLs carry cholesterol from liver to the tissues and LDLs carry cholesterol back to the liver c. HDLs and LDLs both carry excess cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver d. LDLs and HDLs both carry cholesterol from the lover to the tissues

a. LDLs carry cholesterol from liver to the tissues and HDLs carry excess cholesterol back to the liver

which of the following types of lipids is a steroid hormone? a. androgens b. leukotrienes c. prostaglandins d. thromboxanes

a. androgens

which of the following is an essential fatty acid? a. linoleic acid b. stearic acid c. myristic acid d. lauric acid

a. linoleic acid

which of the following disaccharides contain a(1->4) linkages? a. maltose b. sucrose c. cellobiose c. lactose

a. maltose

heparin description

acidic polysaccharide

which of the following describes palmitic acid? a. 12:0 b. 16:0 c. 18:2 d. 20:5

b. 16:0

in which of the following pairs of fatty acids does the first listed acid have a higher melting point than the second listed acid? a. 16:2 acid and 16:0 acid b. 21:0 acid and 17:0 acid c. 17:3 acid and 17:0 acid d. 17:3 acid and 20:0 acid

b. 21:0 acid and 17:0 acid

hyaluronic acid is a made up alternating D-glucronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues. Which of the following best describes hyaluronic acid? a. homopoylsaccharide b. heteropolysaccharide c. storage polysaccharide d. branched diascchirde

b. heteropolysaccharide

phospholipids possess which of the following functions? a. energy storage b. membrane component c. emulsifier d. messenger

b. membrane component

which of the following lipid types contains a sphingosine platform molecule with a fatty acid + a monosaccharide attached? a. glycerophospholipids b. sphingylcolipids c. sphingophospholipids d. triacylglycerols

b. sphingylcolipids

which of the following is the correct definition for diastereometers? a. nonsuperimposable mirror images b. stereoisomers that are not mirror images c. superimposable mirror images d. two different molecular formulas

b. stereoisomers that are not mirror images

which disaccharide contains a glucose and a fructose residue? a. maltose b. sucrose c. cellobiose d. lactose

b. sucrose

which of the following products is formed when a carbohydrate is oxidized with a mild oxidant? a. acidic sugar b. sugar alcohol c. glycoside d. phosphate ester

b. sugar alcohol

which of the following statements concerning carbohydrates is correct? a. they are the most abundant type of biochemical substance in the human body b. they are all polyhydroxy aldehydes, polyhydroxyketones, or substances that yield such upon hydrolysis c. they can exist in the left-handed and right handed forms, with the left handed form being dominant in nature d. they all have a sweet taste and therefore are also called sugars

b. they are all polyhydroxy aldehydes, polyhydroxyketones, or substances that yield such upon hydrolysis

a lipid is any substance of biochemical origin that is a. insoluble in nonpolar solvents but soluble in water b. insoluble in both water and nonpolar solvents c. insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents d. soluble in both water and nonpolar solvents

c. insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents

the major structural difference between cellulose and amylose is found in the: a. identity of the monosaccharide units present b. ring size of the monosaccharide units present c. linkages between the monosaccharide units present d. handedness of the monosaccharide units present

c. linkages between the monosaccharide units present

elcosanoids are oxygenated derivatives of which of the following? a. cholesterol b. glycerophospholipids c. polyunsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids d. saturated fatty acids with less than 18 carbon atoms

c. polyunsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids

in which of the following types of lipids are two ester linkages and one amide linkage present? a. glycerophospholipids b. sphingoglycolipids c. sphingophospholipids d. triacylglycerols

c. sphingophospholipids

which of the following is not a reducing sugar a. glucose b. maltose c. sucrose d. xylose

c. sucrose

in which of the following pairs or carbohydrates are both members of the pair disaccharides? a. altose and psicose b.lactose and arabinose c. sucrose and maltose d. cellobiose and idose

c. sucrose and maltose

the "steroid nucleus" that is common to all steroid structures involves a fused-ring system composed of which of the following? a. four, 6-membered rings b. four, 5-membered rings c. three, 6-membered rings and one, 5-membered rings d. two, 6-membered rings and two, 5-membered rings

c. three, 6-membered rings and one, 5-membered rings

Biochemistry, the study of the chemical substances of living organisms, includes the study of: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and organic salts. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and salts. carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

A carbohydrate molecule whose mirror image is not superimposable is said to be a _____ molecule. chiral nonsuperimposable achiral nonidentical

chiral

how do simple triacylgylcerols (STAGs) differ from mixed triacylgylcerols (MTAGs)? a. STAGs contain short-chain fatty acids and MTAGs contain long-chain fatty acids b. STAGs contain unbranched fatty acids and MTAGs contain branched fatty acids c. STAGs contain saturated fatty acids and MTAGs contain unsaturated fatty acids d. STAGs contain only one kind of fatty acids and MTAGs contain more than one kind of fatty acid

d. STAGs contain only one kind of fatty acids and MTAGs contain more than one kind of fatty acid

which of the following is the most abundant steroid in the human body? a. progesterone b. testosterone c. estradiol d. cholesterol

d. cholesterol

which of the following statements concerning fats and oils is incorrect? a. they are also called triacylglycerols b. they are also called triglyceriders c. they are glycerol triesters d. they are fatty acid salts

d. they are fatty acid salts

which of the following lipids can store energy within the body? a. bile acids b. phospholipids/sphigoglycolipids/ cholesterol c. steroid hormones d. triacylgylcerols

d. triacylgylcerols

Select ALL of the following that sphingoglycolipids are made up of: fatty acid sphingosine monosaccharides glycerol oligosaccharise

fatty acid sphingosine monosaccharides oligosaccharise

A _____ is a polysaccharide in which only one type of monosaccharide monomer is present. homopolysaccharide homomonosaccharide heteropolysaccharide heteromonosaccharide

homopolysaccharide

A lipid is an organic compound found in living organisms that is: soluble in water and soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. soluble in water and insoluble in nonpolar organic solvents. insoluble in water and soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. insoluble in water and insoluble in nonpolar organic solvents.

insoluble in water and soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.

Monosaccharides in nature have cyclic forms because they can form: internal acetals that are rapidly converted to stable hemiacetals. internal hemiacetals that are rapidly converted to stable acetals. internal hemiacetals that are stable. internal acetals that are stable.

internal hemiacetals that are stable.

A fatty acid is a naturally occurring ["dicarboxylic", "monocarboxylic"] acid that nearly always contains an ["odd", "even"] number of carbon atoms with a carbon chain that is ["unbranched", "branched"]

monocarboxylic even unbranched

Carbohydrates are classified as: monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. monosaccharides and disaccharides. polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones.

monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Triacylglycerols are _____ in their ability to store energy when compared to glycogen, the energy storing form of glucose in the human body. equally efficient more efficient less efficient insignificant

more efficient

raffinose description

non-polysaccharide

glycogen description

storage polysaccharide

cellulose description

structural polysaccharide

The membrane lipid cholesterol is a steroid whose structure is based on a fused-ring system that involves _____ six-membered ring(s) and _____ five-membered ring(s). 2, 2 1, 3 3, 1 3, 2

3, 1

What is the chemical makeup of a biological wax? A monoester of a long-chain fatty acid and a short-chain alcohol A monoester of a long-chain fatty acid and a long-chain alcohol A monoester of a short-chain fatty acid and a short-chain alcohol A monoester of a short-chain fatty acid and a long-chain alcohol

A monoester of a long-chain fatty acid and a long-chain alcohol

Which of the following best describe the physical properties of fatty acids? All the statements describe the physical properties of fatty acids. All physical properties of fatty acids are influenced by the length and degree of unsaturation of their carbon chain. Melting points of fatty acids are influenced by the carbon chain length. Melting points of fatty acids are influenced by their degree of unsaturation.

All the statements describe the physical properties of fatty acids.

What structural feature distinguishes an aldose and a ketose? An aldose contains 5 carbon atoms, and a ketose contains 6 carbon atoms. An aldose possesses an aldehyde group, and a ketose possesses a ketone group. An aldose possesses only -OH groups, and a ketose possesses a carbonyl group. An aldose possesses a ketone group, and a ketose possesses an aldehyde group.

An aldose possesses an aldehyde group, and a ketose possesses a ketone group.

What formula is used to show the two-dimensional structure of groups around chiral centers in a molecule? Fischer projection Expanded Line angle Haworth projection

Fischer projection

What is the linkage that is formed when two monosaccharides react to form a disaccharide called? Hemiacetal linkage Acetal linkage Glycosidic linkage Alcohol group linkage

Glycosidic linkage