Exam 3 Electrolyte questions

The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure (HF). Which signs and symptoms could indicate fluid overload? Select all that apply. 1. Bounding pulse 2. Difficulty breathing 3. Increased urine output 4. Presence of dependent edema 5. Neck vein distention in the upright position

1. Bounding pulse 2. Difficulty breathing 4. Presence of dependent edema 5. Neck vein distention in the upright position

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of severe dehydration. The client has been receiving intravenous (IV) fluids and nasogastric (NG) tube feedings. The nurse monitors fluid balance using which as the best indicator? 1. Daily weight 2. Urinary output 3. IV fluid intake 4. NG tube intake

1. Daily weight

During an assessment of a newly admitted client, the nurse notes that the client's heart rate is 110 beats/min, his blood pressure shows orthostatic changes when he stands up, and his tongue has a sticky, paste-like coating. The client's spouse tells the nurse that he seems a little confused and unsteady on his feet. Based on these assessment findings, the nurse suspects that the client has which condition? 1. Dehydration 2. Hypokalemia 3. Fluid overload 4. Hypernatremia

1. Dehydration

A client who is at risk for fluid imbalance is to be admitted to the nursing unit. In planning care for this client, the nurse is aware that which conditions cause the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? Select all that apply. 1. Dehydration 2. Hypertension 3. Physiological stress 4. Decreased blood volume 5. Decreased plasma osmolarity

1. Dehydration 3. Physiological stress 4. Decreased blood volume

A 17 year old client who sustained a head injury in a motorcycle collision 2 days ago is responsive only to pain. Which intravenous (IV) fluid order would the nurse question because it could increase the risk of complications? 1. Dextrose 5% in water 2. Lactated ringers solution 3. 0.9% sodium chloride (NS)

1. Dextrose 5% in water

The nurse is creating a plan of care for a client with hypokalemia. Which interventions should be included in the plan of care? Select all that apply. 1. Ensure adequate fluid intake. 2. Implement safety measures to prevent falls. 3. Encourage low-fiber foods to prevent diarrhea. 4. Instruct the client about foods that contain potassium. 5. Encourage the client to obtain assistance to ambulate.

1. Ensure adequate fluid intake. 2. Implement safety measures to prevent falls. 4. Instruct the client about foods that contain potassium. 5. Encourage the client to obtain assistance to ambulate.

The nurse caring for a client with heart failure is notified by the hospital laboratory that the client's serum magnesium level is 1.0 mEq/L (0.5 mmol/L). Which would be the most appropriate nursing action for this client? 1. Monitor the client for dysrhythmias. 2. Encourage increased intake of phosphate antacids. 3. Discontinue any magnesium-containing medications. 4. Encourage intake of foods such as ground beef, eggs, or chicken breast.

1. Monitor the client for dysrhythmias.

The nurse is reviewing laboratory results and notes that a client's serum sodium level is 150 mEq/L (150 mmol/L). The nurse reports the serum sodium level to the primary health care provider (PHCP), and the PHCP prescribes dietary instructions based on the sodium level. Which acceptable food items does the nurse instruct the client to consume? Select all that apply. 1. Peas 2. Nuts 3. Cheese 4. Cauliflower 5. Processed oat cereals

1. Peas 2. Nuts 4. Cauliflower

The nurse aspirates 40 mL of undigested formula from the client's nasogastric (NG) tube. Before administering an intermittent tube feeding, what should the nurse do with the 40 mL of gastric aspirate? 1. Pour the aspirate into the NG tube through a syringe with the plunger removed. 2. Dilute with water and inject into the NG tube by putting pressure on the plunger. 3. Discard properly and record as output on the client's intake and output (I&O) record. 4. Mix with the formula and pour into the NG tube through a syringe with the plunger removed.

1. Pour the aspirate into the NG tube through a syringe with the plunger removed.

The nurse is reviewing a client's laboratory report and notes that the total serum calcium level is 6.0 mg/dL (1.66 mmol/L). The nurse understands that which condition most likely caused this serum calcium level? 1. Prolonged bed rest 2. Renal insufficiency 3. Hyperparathyroidism 4. Excessive ingestion of vitamin D

1. Prolonged bed rest

The hemodilution of body fluids that can cause hyponatremia includes which of the following causes? Select all that apply. 1. SIADH 2. Gastric suction 3. Increased adrenocortical hormone. 4. Hypervolemia due to heart failure. 5. Drinking excessive amounts of plain water.

1. SIADH 4. Hypervolemia due to heart failure. 5. Drinking excessive amounts of plain water.

The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client with chronic kidney disease before a hemodialysis treatment. The serum electrolyte levels are sodium 142 mEq/L (142 mmol/L), chloride 103 mEq/L (103 mmol/L), potassium 5.2 mEq/L (5.2 mmol/L), and bicarbonate 23 mEq/L (23 mmol/L). What action should the nurse take? 1. Take no action. 2. Order a stat hemodialysis treatment. 3. Recheck the labs because these values are all abnormal. 4. Page the primary health care provider (PHCP) with the results.

1. Take no action.

The nurse reviews a client's electrolyte laboratory report and notes that the potassium level is 2.5 mEq/L (2.5 mmol/L). Which patterns should the nurse watch for on the electrocardiogram (ECG) as a result of the laboratory value? Select all that apply. 1. U waves 2. Absent P waves 3. Inverted T waves 4. Depressed ST segment 5. Widened QRS complex

1. U waves 3. Inverted T waves 4. Depressed ST segment

The nurse caring for a client who has been receiving intravenous (IV) diuretics suspects that the client is experiencing a fluid volume deficit. Which assessment finding would the nurse note in a client with this condition? 1. Weight loss and poor skin turgor 2. Lung congestion and increased heart rate 3. Decreased hematocrit and increased urine output 4. Increased respirations and increased blood pressure

1. Weight loss and poor skin turgor

A school nurse is teaching an athletic coach how to prevent dehydration in athletes during football practice. Which action by the coach during football practice would indicate that further teaching is needed? 1. Weighs athletes before, during, and after football practice 2. Asks the athletes to take a salt tablet before football practice 3. Schedules fluid breaks every 30 minutes throughout practice 4. Tells the athletes to drink 16 oz of fluid per pound lost during practice

2. Asks the athletes to take a salt tablet before football practice

The nurse is assisting in the care of a group of clients on the nursing unit. When considering the effects of each medical diagnosis, the nurse determines that which client has the least risk for developing third spacing of fluid? 1. Client with a major burn 2. Client with an ischemic stroke 3. Client with Laënnec's cirrhosis 4. Client with chronic kidney disease

2. Client with an ischemic stroke

The nurse has a prescription to hang a crystalloid intravenous solution of lactated Ringer's on a newly admitted client. The nurse notices that the client has a history of alcoholic cirrhosis. What action should the nurse take first? 1. Hang the solution. 2. Contact the primary health care provider (PHCP). 3. Check the client's daily laboratory results. 4. Ask the client if any liver study tests have ever been done.

2. Contact the primary health care provider (PHCP).

A patient with nasogastric suctioning is experiencing diarrhea. The patient is ordered a morning dose of Lasix 20mg IV. Patient's potassium level is 3.0. Which of the following options should you do? 1. No intervention is needed 2. Hold the dose of Lasix and notify the doctor for further orders. 3. Turn off the nasogastric suctioning and administer a prn laxative. 4. Administer the Lasix and notify the doctor for further orders.

2. Hold the dose of Lasix and notify the doctor for further orders.

Tall peaked T waves, flat P waves, prolonged PR intervals and widened QRS complexes can present in which of the following conditions? 1. Hypocalcemia 2. Hyperkalemia 3. Hypercalcemia 4. Hypokalemia

2. Hyperkalemia

A patient has a potassium level of 2.0. Which of the following would you expect to be ordered for this patient? 1. An oral supplement of potassium 2. Infusion of 40 meq of potassium intravenously. 3. Intramuscular injection of potassium 4. Potassium 30meq IV push

2. Infusion of 40 meq of potassium intravenously.

A client is receiving an intravenous infusion of 1000 mL of normal saline with 40 mEq of potassium chloride. The care unit nurse is monitoring the client for signs of hyperkalemia. Which finding initially will be noted in the client if hyperkalemia is present? 1. Confusion 2. Muscle weakness 3. Mental status changes 4. Depressed deep tendon reflexes

2. Muscle weakness

Which of the following is not a symptom of hyperkalemia? 1. Muscle twitches/cramps 2. Positive Chvostek's sign 3. Weak and slow heart rate 4. Decreased blood pressure

2. Positive Chvostek's sign

A patient is presenting with an orthostatic blood pressure of 80/40 when she stands up, thready and weak pulse of 58, and shallow respirations. In addition, the patient has been having frequent episodes of vomiting and nausea and is taking hydrochlorothiazide. Which of the following findings would explain the patient's condition? 1. Potassium level of 3.5 2. Potassium level of 2.4 3. Potassium level of 7.0

2. Potassium level of 2.4

A patient has a potassium level of 9.0. Which of the following interventions is priority? 1. Place patient on a potassium restrictive diet 2. Prepare the patient for dialysis and place the patient on a cardiac monitor 3. Administer Spironolactone 4. Administer a laxative

2. Prepare the patient for dialysis and place the patient on a cardiac monitor

The nurse provides instructions to a client with a low potassium level about the foods that are high in potassium and tells the client to consume which foods? Select all that apply. 1. Peas 2. Raisins 3. Potatoes 4. Cantaloupe 5. Cauliflower 6. Strawberries

2. Raisins 3. Potatoes 4. Cantaloupe 6. Strawberries

The nurse is obtaining the intershift report for a group of assigned clients. Which assigned client should the nurse monitor closely for signs of hyperkalemia? 1. A client with ulcerative colitis 2. A client with Cushing's syndrome 3. A client admitted 6 hours ago with a 40% burn injury 4. A client who has a history of long-term laxative abuse

3. A client admitted 6 hours ago with a 40% burn injury

The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure. On assessment, the nurse notes that the client is dyspneic, and crackles are audible on auscultation. What additional manifestations would the nurse expect to note in this client if excess fluid volume is present? 1. Weight loss and dry skin 2. Flat neck and hand veins and decreased urinary output 3. An increase in blood pressure and increased respirations 4. Weakness and decreased central venous pressure (CVP)

3. An increase in blood pressure and increased respirations

The nurse is assisting in the care of a client with pheochromocytoma who has been experiencing clinical manifestations of hypermagnesemia. When evaluating the client, the nurse should determine that the client's status is returning to normal if which is no longer exhibited? 1. Tetany 2. Tremors 3. Areflexia 4. Muscular excitability

3. Areflexia

The nurse is performing an assessment on a client admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of dehydration. Which assessment finding should the nurse expect to note? 1. Bradycardia 2. Elevated blood pressure 3. Changes in mental status 4. Bilateral crackles in the lungs

3. Changes in mental status

During an assessment of skin turgor in an older client, the nurse discovers that skin tenting occurs when the skin is pinched on the client's forearm. What should the nurse do next? 1. Document this assessment finding. 2. Call another nurse to verify this finding. 3. Check skin turgor over the client's sternum. 4. Call the primary health care provider (PHCP) to obtain a prescription for fluid replacement.

3. Check skin turgor over the client's sternum.

The nurse is caring for a group of clients on the clinical nursing unit. Which client should the nurse plan to monitor for signs of fluid volume deficit? 1. Client in heart failure 2. Client in acute kidney injury 3. Client with diabetes insipidus 4. Client with controlled hypertension

3. Client with diabetes insipidus

What occurs to the specific gravity of urine in a person with diabetes insipidus? 1. Rises 2. Doesn't change 3. Decreases

3. Decreases

The nurse who is caring for a client with severe malnutrition reviews the laboratory results and notes that the client has a magnesium level of 1.0 mEq/L (0.5 mmol/L). Which electrocardiographic change should the nurse expect to observe based on the client's magnesium level? 1. Prominent U waves 2. Prolonged PR interval 3. Depressed ST segment 4. Widened QRS complexes

3. Depressed ST segment

A nurse is assessing a client who has hyperkalemia. The nurse should identify which of the following conditions as being associated with this electrolyte imbalance? 1. Cushing's syndrome 2. Heart failure 3. Diabetic ketoacidosis 4. Thyroidectomy

3. Diabetic ketoacidosis

The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure who is receiving high doses of a diuretic. On assessment, the nurse notes that the client has flat neck veins, generalized muscle weakness, and diminished deep tendon reflexes. The nurse suspects hyponatremia. What additional signs would the nurse expect to note in a client with hyponatremia? 1. Muscle twitches 2. Decreased urinary output 3. Hyperactive bowel sounds 4. Increased specific gravity of the urine

3. Hyperactive bowel sounds

Infusion of ______________ tonic intravenous solutions promotes movement of water into cells, thus making the cells swell. 1. Iso 2. Hyper 3. Hypo

3. Hypo

Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs are implemented to assess for what? 1. Hypernatremia 2. Hyperphosphatemia 3. Hypocalcemia 4. Hypokalemia

3. Hypocalcemia

The nurse is reading a primary health care provider's (PHCP's) progress notes in the client's record and reads that the PHCP has documented "insensible fluid loss of approximately 800 mL daily." The nurse makes a notation that insensible fluid loss occurs through which type of excretion? 1. Urinary output 2. Wound drainage 3. Integumentary output 4. The gastrointestinal tract

3. Integumentary output

Which patient is at a potential risk for Digoxin toxicity? 1. Patient with a potassium level of 3.8 2. Patient presenting with painful muscle spasms and positive Trousseau's sign. 3. Patient with Cushing's syndrome taking Lasix 20mg IV BID. 4. Patient with a calcium level of 8.9

3. Patient with Cushing's syndrome taking Lasix 20mg IV BID.

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client who is receiving magnesium sulfate by intravenous infusion. The nurse notes that the magnesium level is 5 mEq/L (2.5 mmol/L). On the basis of this laboratory result, the nurse should expect to note which in the client? 1. Tremors 2. Hyperactive reflexes 3. Respiratory depression 4. No specific signs or symptoms because this value is a normal level

3. Respiratory depression

Which of the following is indicative of an EKG change in a case of hypokalemia? 1. Tall T waves and depressed ST segment 2. Prolonged ST interval and Widened T wave 3. ST depression and inverted T wave 4. Widened QRS complex and prolonged PR interval.

3. ST depression and inverted T wave

A patient with a potassium level of 2.1 has been taking Lasix daily. Which medication will the patient most likely be switched to? 1. Demadex 2. Hydrochlorothiazide 3. Spironolactone 4. Stay on Lasix

3. Spironolactone

The nurse reviews the electrolyte results of a client with chronic kidney disease and notes that the potassium level is 5.7 mEq/L (5.7 mmol/L). Which patterns would the nurse watch for on the cardiac monitor as a result of the laboratory value? Select all that apply. 1. ST depression 2. Prominent U wave 3. Tall peaked T waves 4. Prolonged ST segment 5. Widened QRS complexes

3. Tall peaked T waves 5. Widened QRS complexes

Which patient is at the highest risk for developing hyponatremia? 1. Young female adult with systemic lupus erythematosus 2. Older male adult with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 3. Young adult male with fever, severe vomiting, and diarrhea. 4. Older female adult with congestive heart failure

3. Young adult male with fever, severe vomiting, and diarrhea.

The nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric tube. Nasogastric tube irrigations are prescribed to be performed once every shift. The client's serum electrolyte result indicates a potassium level of 4.5 mEq/L (4.5 mmol/L) and a sodium level of 132 mEq/L (132 mmol/L). Based on these laboratory findings, the nurse should select which solution to use for the nasogastric tube irrigation? 1. Tap water 2. Sterile water 3. Distilled water 4. Sodium chloride

4. Sodium chloride

Which client is at risk for the development of a potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L (5.5 mmol/L)? 1. The client with colitis 2. The client with Cushing's syndrome 3. The client who has been overusing laxatives 4. The client who has sustained a traumatic burn

4. The client who has sustained a traumatic burn

The nurse is caring for a client who needs a hypertonic intravenous (IV) solution. What solutions are hypertonic? Select all that apply. 1. 10% dextrose in water 2. 0.45% sodium chloride 3. 5% dextrose in 0.9% saline 4. 5% dextrose in 0.45% saline 5. 5% dextrose in 0.225% saline 6. 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's solution

1. 10% dextrose in water 3. 5% dextrose in 0.9% saline 4. 5% dextrose in 0.45% saline 6. 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's solution

The nurse is assigned to care for a group of clients. On review of the clients' medical records, the nurse determines that which client is most likely at risk for a fluid volume deficit? 1. A client with an ileostomy 2. A client with heart failure 3. A client on long-term corticosteroid therapy 4. A client receiving frequent wound irrigations

1. A client with an ileostomy

he nurse is assigned to care for a group of clients. On review of the clients' medical records, the nurse determines that which client is most likely at risk for a fluid volume deficit? 1. A client with an ileostomy 2. A client with heart failure 3. A client on long-term corticosteroid therapy 4. A client receiving frequent wound irrigations

1. A client with an ileostomy

When caring for a client with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), the nurse plans to do which of the following to correct the fluid and electrolyte imbalance associated with this disorder? 1. Administration of ordered loop diuretics. 2. Restrict dietary salt intake 3. Encourage client to drink plenty of water 4. Monitor infusion of hypotonic saline infusions.

1. Administration of ordered loop diuretics.

A client in the later stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has hyperkalemia. With CKD, what other factors besides tissue breakdown can cause high potassium levels? Select all that apply. 1. Blood transfusions 2. Metabolic alkalosis 3. Bleeding or hemorrhage 4. Decreased sodium excretion 5. Ingestion of potassium in medications 6. Failure to restrict dietary potassium

1. Blood transfusions 3. Bleeding or hemorrhage 5. Ingestion of potassium in medications 6. Failure to restrict dietary potassium

The nurse is updating the client's plan of care based on the new onset of hypokalemia. Which priorities of care should the nurse include? Select all that apply. 1. Ensure adequate oxygenation. 2. Provide assistance to prevent falls. 3. Monitor medication administration of diuretics. 4. Monitor for numbness and tingling around the mouth. 5. Prevent complications during potassium administration.

1. Ensure adequate oxygenation. 2. Provide assistance to prevent falls. 3. Monitor medication administration of diuretics. 5. Prevent complications during potassium administration.

An elderly patient was hydrated with lactated ringers solution in the emergency room for the last hour. During the most recent evaluation of the patient by the nurse, a finding of a rapid bounding pulse and shortness of breath were noted. Reporting this episode to the physician, the nurse suspects that the patient now shows signs of: 1. Hypervolemia, and needs the fluids adjusted. 2. Hypovolemia, and needs more fluids 3. Needing no adjustment in fluid administration. 4. An acid-base disturbance

1. Hypervolemia, and needs the fluids adjusted.

The nurse is assessing a client with a suspected diagnosis of hypocalcemia. Which cardiovascular manifestation would the nurse expect to note? 1. Hypotension 2. Increased heart rate 3. Bounding peripheral pulses 4. Shortened QT interval on electrocardiography (ECG)

1. Hypotension

The nurse reviews a client's laboratory report and notes that the client's serum phosphorus (phosphate) level is 1.8 mg/dL (0.58 mmol/L). Which condition most likely caused this serum phosphorus level? 1. Malnutrition 2. Renal insufficiency 3. Hypoparathyroidism 4. Tumor lysis syndrome

1. Malnutrition

The nurse notes that a client's total serum calcium level is 6.0 mg/dL (1.5 mmol/L). Which assessment findings should be anticipated in this client? Select all that apply. 1. Tetany 2. Constipation 3. Renal calculi 4. Hypotension 5. Prolonged QT interval 6. Positive Chvostek's sign

1. Tetany 4. Hypotension 5. Prolonged QT interval 6. Positive Chvostek's sign

Which client is at risk for the development of a sodium level at 130 mEq/L (130 mmol/L)? 1. The client who is taking diuretics 2. The client with hyperaldosteronism 3. The client with Cushing's syndrome 4. The client who is taking corticosteroids

1. The client who is taking diuretics

Which clients are most likely to be at risk for the development of third spacing? Select all that apply. 1. The client with cirrhosis 2. The client with liver failure 3. The client with diabetes mellitus 4. The client with a minor burn injury 5. The client with chronic kidney disease

1. The client with cirrhosis 2. The client with liver failure 5. The client with chronic kidney disease

The nurse is assessing a client with a lactose intolerance disorder for a suspected diagnosis of hypocalcemia. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to note in the client? 1. Twitching 2. Hypoactive bowel sounds 3. Negative Trousseau's sign 4. Hypoactive deep tendon reflexes

1. Twitching

The nurse is assessing a client with a suspected diagnosis of hypocalcemia. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to note in the client? 1. Twitching 2. Hypoactive bowel sounds 3. Negative Trousseau's sign 4. Hypoactive deep tendon reflexes

1. Twitching

The nurse reviews a client's electrolyte laboratory report and notes that the potassium level is 2.5 mmol/L). Which patterns should the nurse watch for on the electrocardiogram (ECG) as a result of the laboratory value? Select all that apply. 1. U waves 2. Absent P waves 3. Inverted T waves 4. Depressed ST segment 5. Widened QRS complex

1. U waves 3. Inverted T waves 4. Depressed ST segment

A client has a prescription to begin an infusion of 1000 mL of 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's solution. The client has an intravenous (IV) cannula inserted, and the nurse prepares the solution and IV tubing. Arrange the actions in the order that they should be performed. All options must be used. 1. Uncap the distal end of the tubing. 2. Close the roller clamp on the IV tubing. 3. Open the roller clamp and fill the tubing. 4. Attach the distal end of the tubing to the client. 5. Spike the IV bag and half-fill the drip chamber.

2, 5, 3, 1, 4

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of dehydration, and the client is receiving intravenous (IV) fluids. Which assessment finding would indicate to the nurse that the dehydration remains unresolved? 1. An oral temperature of 98.8º F (37.1º C) 2. A urine specific gravity of 1.043 3. A urine output that is pale yellow 4. A blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg

2. A urine specific gravity of 1.043

A patient's potassium level is 3.0. Which foods would you encourage the patient to consume? 1. Tofu, oatmeal, and peas. 2. Avocados, strawberries, and potatoes. 3. Cheese, collard greens, and fish. 4. Peanuts, bread, and corn.

2. Avocados, strawberries, and potatoes.

The nurse is preparing to care for a client with a potassium deficit. The nurse reviews the client's record and determines that the client is at risk for developing the potassium deficit because of which situation? 1.Sustained tissue damage 2. Requires nasogastric suction 3. Has a history of Addison's disease 4 .Uric acid level of 9.4 mg/dL (559 mmol/L)

2. Requires nasogastric suction

The nurse reviews a client's record and determines that the client is at risk for developing a potassium deficit if which situation is documented? 1. Sustained tissue damage 2. Requires nasogastric suction 3. Has a history of Addison's disease 4. Uric acid level of 9.4 mg/dL (557 mcmol/L)

2. Requires nasogastric suction

The nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric (NG) tube who has a prescription for NG tube irrigation once every 8 hours. To maintain homeostasis, which solution should the nurse use to irrigate the NG tube? 1. Tap water 2. Sterile water 3. 0.9% sodium chloride 4. 0.45% sodium chloride

3. 0.9% sodium chloride

A client with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding suddenly develops diaphoresis with a rapid and thready pulse, and the nurse finds it difficult to hear a blood pressure. Which of the following intravenous (IV) fluids does the nurse anticipate the physician will order STAT? 1. 0.45% sodium chloride (1/2 NS) 2. Dextrose 5% in 0.45% sodium chloride (D5 1/2NS) 3. 0.9% sodium chloride (NS) 4. Dextrose in water (D5W)

3. 0.9% sodium chloride (NS)

The nurse is monitoring a client who is attached to a cardiac monitor and notes the presence of prominent U waves. The nurse assesses the client and checks his or her most recent electrolyte results. The nurse expects to note which electrolyte value? 1. Sodium 135 mEq/L (135 mmol/L) 2. Sodium 140 mEq/L (140 mmol/L) 3. Potassium 3.0 mEq/L (3.0 mmol/L) 4. Potassium 5.0 mEq/L (5.0 mmol/L)

3. Potassium 3.0 mEq/L (3.0 mmol/L)

A patient admitted for diabetic ketoacidosis is now hydrated and has a normal blood sugar. During assessment, the patient presents with a weak pulse, shallow breathing, and an ashen color. Which of the following imbalances is the cause? 1. Hyperkalemia 2. Hyperglycemia 3. Hypoglycemia 4. Hypokalemia

4. Hypokalemia

The nurse is caring for a client whose magnesium level is 3.5 mEq/L (1.75 mmol/L). Which assessment finding should the nurse most likely expect to note in the client based on this magnesium level? 1. Tetany 2. Twitches 3. Positive Trousseau's sign 4. Loss of deep tendon reflexes

4. Loss of deep tendon reflexes

The nurse is caring for a client with Crohn's disease who has a calcium level of 8 mg/dL (2 mmol/L). Which patterns would the nurse watch for on the electrocardiogram? Select all that apply. 1. U waves 2. Widened T wave 3. Prominent U wave 4. Prolonged QT interval 5. Prolonged ST segment

4. Prolonged QT interval 5. Prolonged ST segment

The nurse is caring for a client with hypocalcemia. Which patterns would the nurse watch for on the electrocardiogram as a result of the laboratory value? Select all that apply. 1. U waves 2. Widened T wave 3. Prominent U wave 4. Prolonged QT interval 5. Prolonged ST segment

4. Prolonged QT interval 5. Prolonged ST segment

On review of the clients' medical records, the nurse determines that which client is at risk for fluid volume excess? 1. The client taking diuretics who has tenting of the skin 2. The client with an ileostomy from a recent abdominal surgery 3. The client who requires intermittent gastrointestinal suctioning 4. The client with kidney disease and a 12-year history of diabetes mellitus

4. The client with kidney disease and a 12-year history of diabetes mellitus

The nurse is monitoring the fluid balance of a client with a burn injury. The nurse determines that the client is less than adequately hydrated if which information is noted during assessment? 1. Urine pH of 6 2. Urine that is pale yellow 3. Urine output of 40 mL/hr 4. Urine specific gravity of 1.032

4. Urine specific gravity of 1.032

SIADH is caused by a decrease in ADH secretion. 1. True 2. False

False