Exam 3 : Leadership ch. 6
According to Stanley Milgram's experiments on obedience, ordinary people could be induced to perform inhumane acts simply by the presence of an authority figure.
TRUE
According to The Boy Scout Laws, a Scout works to pay his way and to help others and saves for unforeseen needs.
TRUE
Author and educator John Gardner states that leaders should not be judged solely in terms of decisiveness and efficiency but, more importantly, on the basis of values and moral reasoning.
TRUE
Ethical problems common to the workplace are issues of quality, safety, property, and human relationships.
TRUE
Religious ethics is based on a theistic understanding of the world.
TRUE
St. Augustine (354-430) believed that if people allow themselves through faith to be drawn to God, they will overcome their basic immoral nature and eventually be reconciled in the city of God in heaven.
TRUE
Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274) integrated the philosophy of Aristotle with Christian theology and taught that all people are endowed with a natural desire to be good.
TRUE
Which of the following three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed Bertrand Russell's life?
The longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind
modeling and socialization
The older community passes on ethics to young people through ________.
Originally, the Greek word ethos meant
a dwelling place
The three most important influences on character formation are
associations (family and friends), books (and other media), and self-concept.
Social learning theory supports the importance of the ________ of leaders in moral dilemmas
behavior
The English philosopher John Locke viewed a newborn child as a "tabula rasa", or a(n)
blank tablet
The Girl Scout Law includes all of the following EXCEPT
cheerfulness
Social psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg explains that each person makes ethical decisions according to three distinct levels of moral
development
Moral dilemmas often involve choosing between two "rights" or "goods." Rushworth Kidder identifies three mind-sets for addressing moral dilemmas, which are
ends-based thinking, rule-based thinking, and care-based thinking.
Stanley Milgram's social research showed that
ordinary people can be induced to perform inhumane acts.
According to The Boy Scout Laws, a scout is all of the following EXCEPT
practical
Ethics has both ________ and ________ roots.
religious; secular
Recent replication of the Milgram experiments show that approximately ________ percent of both men and women will follow morally offensive orders of complete strangers who they believe occupy a position of authority.
75
In the context of the levels and stages of moral development, identify the major determinant of behavior at Level II, stage 3
Approval of others
In the context of the levels and stages of moral development, which of the following is most likely a characteristic of Level I, stage 1?
Deference to power
According to Rushworth Kidder, which of the following best describes ends-based thinking?
Doing what is best for the greatest number of people
According to Rushworth Kidder, care-based thinking is best described as doing what is best for the greatest number of people.
FALSE
According to the levels and stages of moral development, the egocentric orientation of stages 1 and 2 is characteristic of teenagers and young adults.
FALSE
Stanley Milgram's experiments on obedience found that a society that valued independent thinking and free will showed more defiance than a conservative society.
FALSE
The word "ethics" is derived from the ________ word ethos, referring to a person's fundamental orientation toward life.
Greek
According to psychologist Jean Piaget, which of the following is the unifying factor in adult societies?
Heteronomy
In 1884, Mark Twain wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn; this story emphasized Level ________, stage ________ of moral development.
III; 6
In the context of the levels and stages of moral development, identify the primary motive that operates at Level I, stage 2.
Individual needs
Which of the following statements is true about secular ethics?
It is based on a scientific understanding of the world.
Which of the following statements is true about ethics?
It is the study of moral judgments and right and wrong conduct.
In the context of leadership ethics, identify a true statement according to Ronald Heifetz.
Leadership involves the use of authority to help followers uphold important values in the workplace.
Which of the following is seen in the life and teaching of Gandhi?
Level III, stage 6 morality
________ once said, "Nonviolence is the first article of my faith."
Mohandas Gandhi
In the context of the levels and stages of moral development, which of the following statements is true about Level III, stage 6?
Morality is seen as superseding the majority view or the prescriptions of authority.
Identify the necessary ingredients of virtuous, level III, stage 6 moral leadership
Motives, means, and consequences
Which of the following was viewed by Aristotle (384-322 BC) as the central and most significant trait distinguishing humankind from other creatures?
Rationality
In the context of the levels and stages of moral development, which of the following statements is most likely true about Level II, stage 4?
Right conduct is doing one's duty, as defined by those in authority positions.
In the context of the levels and stages of moral development, identify a true statement about Level III, stage 5.
Social ethics are based on rational analysis, community discussion, and mutual consent.