Exam 3 Microbiology Study Guide
The centers for disease control (CDC) is located in
Atlanta, GA
which of the following is an example of a nosocomial disease
acquiring a Pseudomonas respiratory infection during a hospital visit of appendicitis surgery
praziquantel , benzimidazoles and avermectin (ivermectin) are classified as
anthelminthic drugs
the ability of some microorganisms , especially viruses and some protozoa , to genetically alter their surface molecule and evade destruction by the host's immune system during the course of an infection is called
antigenic variation
chloroquine , artemisinin , doxycycline and metronidazole are classified as
antiprotozoal drugs
principles of effective chemical disinfection include
applying the disinfectant for the appropriate contact time
harbors the adult or reproductive stage of a pathogen
definitive host
more than half of our natural antibiotics are/were
derive from actinomycete bacteria including the genus Streptomyces
When autoclaving wrapped surgical packs, where should you place the sterilization
outside the pack tuck to the outer wrapping
a worldwide epidemic and a word we hope we do not hear again in our lifetime
pandemic
which of the following infection term best describes an infection that starts locally but subsequently spreads systematically
focal
an inanimate object capable of transmitting disease
fomite
Miconazole and Amphotericin B inhibit ergosterol synthesis or bind ergosterol to disrupt the plasma membrane , respectively. These drugs will be effective against
fungi
Which route of administration would you choose to increase the plasma concentration of a drug in a patient most quickly
intravenous (IV)
This antiseptic is a combination of iodine (halogen ) and an organic molecule.
iodophor
Bedaquiline , a newer antimicrobial agent , i used in combination with an inhibitor of mycolic acid synthesis to treat
multi drug resistant tuberculosis infections
all of the following are physical methods of sterilization
pasteurization
drugs that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis
penicillin , cephalosporins , monobactams , carbapenems , bacitracin , glyocpeptides
drugs that inhibit plasma membrane function
polymyxin B , lipopeptide (daptomycin)
Which of the following statement about endotoxins is FALSE
they are a structural component of the gram positive cell wall.
A disadvantage of broad spectrum antimicrobial agent is that
they may result in superinfection
In the microbial death curve figure above , what is the decimal reduction time of the endospore culture
10 minutes
Based on the graph above , what is the approximate median infectious dose ( ID50) of the virus?
30,000 particles
Chemical antiseptics/disinfectants that require water to work effectively
Alcohols
Which of the following statements about using two antibiotics together is TRUE
All of the above statements are true
Which of the following was NOT used as an early antimicrobial treatment
All of the above were used as early antimicrobial drug
Early surgical antiseptic used by Joseph Lister
Carbolic Acid (phenol)
This most widely used surgical scrub is particularly effective against gram positive bacteria
Chlorhexidine
If an immunocompromised individual requires chemotherapy for a bacteria infection. the drug given should b bacteriostatic because it is often less toxic to the patient
FALSE
The prevalence of a disease in a population is always equal to the incidence of that disease in the population
FALSE
dry heat sterilization is more effective than moist heat sterilization
FALSE
Drugs that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
Fluoroquinolones Rifamycins`
diseases of unknown cause are called _____ disease
idiopathic
The "Father of Epidemiology" is:
John Snow
These surface active agent or surfactants are effective against lots of microbes
QUATS
Used for sterilizing tissue transplants and medical devices such as endoscopes
Supercritical fluids
Antibiotic misuse leads to antibiotic resistance
TRUE
Antibiotics are relatively easy to discover because they are apart of a microbe' natural defense system
TRUE
If a disease is a nationally notifiable disease , diagnosing physicians are required to report case to the US Public Health Service
TRUE
Individuals infected with pathogenic microorganisms will always develop visible signs of disease
TRUE
It is impossible to sterilize a patient prior to surgery or other medical procedure
TRUE
Robert Koch's postulates provided a way to link a particular pathogen to a particular disease
TRUE
The use of antibiotics in food production and processing , as well for treating food animals species , is tightly controlled by FDA and/or UDA
TRUE
pathogen portal of exit are generally via the same route as their portal of energy
TRUE
antiviral drug are classified as
all of the above are antiviral drug classifications
which of the following is/are methods used by bacteria to resist the effects of antibiotics
all of the above are methods used by bacteria to resist the effect of antibiotics
pathogenic properties of eukaryotic pathogens include
all of the above are pathogenic properties of eukaryotic organisms
drug generation , such as with cephalosporin may be designed to
all of the above are reason why ne drug generation are developed
which of the following play a role in microbial adhesion and subsequent colonization
all of the above play a ole in microbial adhesion
bacteremia, toxemia and viremia are all terms describing pathogens or their toxins in
blood
If it was critical to distinguish between bactericidal and bacteriostatic chemotherapy agents , which of the following test would you use
broth-dilution test
based on the graph above , what is the approximate median lethal dose (LD50) of the virus
cannot be determined from this graph
drugs that disrupt ribosomes so inhibit protein synthesis
chloramphenicol , macrolides , tetracyclines , aminoglycosides and lincosamide
Which of the following definitions is incorrect
communicable : a disease that does not spread between hosts
TORCH Panel tests screen for microorganism known to
cross the placenta potentially causing birth defects
Examine the disk diffusion assay shown above. Which disinfectant appears to be the least effective against Staphylococcus aureus
disinfectant D
The process of removing pathogens from non-living surfaced is
disinfection
congratulations! you have discovered a new antibiotic. It contain a b-lactam ring in its structure. On the basis of this information, it's target is most likely
disruption of cell wall synthesis
The science that seeks to determine how diseases spread in a population is called
epidemiology
virulence factors that aid in dissemination of disease by degrading tissue adhesion molecule (hyaluronic acid , collagen), DNA or host cell membrane are generally referred to as
exoenzymes
Which of the following terms best describes a disease that has period with no symptoms or signs because the pathogenic microorganism goes dormant but is never eliminated from the body
latent
a fly visits a manure pile then a hamburger at a country picnic
mechanical vector
leukocidins and hemolysins are examples of
membrane disrupting toxins
which of the following best describes the pattern of microbial death when a culture is exposed to a bactericidal agent
microbes in the culture at a constant rate
which of the following disease stage is the time when you begin to realize you are sick
prodromal period
uncontrolled immune response (toxic inflammation) bactermia or toxemia result in
sepsis followed by septic shock
Drugs that inhibit metabolic pathways for folic acid synthesis
sulfonamides (sulfa drug) , trimethoprim
life-threatening intense immune responses occur in some gram positive bacterial infections due to
super antigen toxins
In the A-B exotoxin, which subunit is responsible for the toxic effects on the host cell?
the A-subunit
The ESKAPE pathogens are
the leading cause of nosocomial infections worldwide
Transmission by food , water or air
vehicle
which of the following microbes are the least resistant to (=easiest to kill) chemical biocides
viruses with lipid envelopes