Exam 3 Microbiology Study Guide

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The centers for disease control (CDC) is located in

Atlanta, GA

which of the following is an example of a nosocomial disease

acquiring a Pseudomonas respiratory infection during a hospital visit of appendicitis surgery

praziquantel , benzimidazoles and avermectin (ivermectin) are classified as

anthelminthic drugs

the ability of some microorganisms , especially viruses and some protozoa , to genetically alter their surface molecule and evade destruction by the host's immune system during the course of an infection is called

antigenic variation

chloroquine , artemisinin , doxycycline and metronidazole are classified as

antiprotozoal drugs

principles of effective chemical disinfection include

applying the disinfectant for the appropriate contact time

harbors the adult or reproductive stage of a pathogen

definitive host

more than half of our natural antibiotics are/were

derive from actinomycete bacteria including the genus Streptomyces

When autoclaving wrapped surgical packs, where should you place the sterilization

outside the pack tuck to the outer wrapping

a worldwide epidemic and a word we hope we do not hear again in our lifetime

pandemic

which of the following infection term best describes an infection that starts locally but subsequently spreads systematically

focal

an inanimate object capable of transmitting disease

fomite

Miconazole and Amphotericin B inhibit ergosterol synthesis or bind ergosterol to disrupt the plasma membrane , respectively. These drugs will be effective against

fungi

Which route of administration would you choose to increase the plasma concentration of a drug in a patient most quickly

intravenous (IV)

This antiseptic is a combination of iodine (halogen ) and an organic molecule.

iodophor

Bedaquiline , a newer antimicrobial agent , i used in combination with an inhibitor of mycolic acid synthesis to treat

multi drug resistant tuberculosis infections

all of the following are physical methods of sterilization

pasteurization

drugs that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis

penicillin , cephalosporins , monobactams , carbapenems , bacitracin , glyocpeptides

drugs that inhibit plasma membrane function

polymyxin B , lipopeptide (daptomycin)

Which of the following statement about endotoxins is FALSE

they are a structural component of the gram positive cell wall.

A disadvantage of broad spectrum antimicrobial agent is that

they may result in superinfection

In the microbial death curve figure above , what is the decimal reduction time of the endospore culture

10 minutes

Based on the graph above , what is the approximate median infectious dose ( ID50) of the virus?

30,000 particles

Chemical antiseptics/disinfectants that require water to work effectively

Alcohols

Which of the following statements about using two antibiotics together is TRUE

All of the above statements are true

Which of the following was NOT used as an early antimicrobial treatment

All of the above were used as early antimicrobial drug

Early surgical antiseptic used by Joseph Lister

Carbolic Acid (phenol)

This most widely used surgical scrub is particularly effective against gram positive bacteria

Chlorhexidine

If an immunocompromised individual requires chemotherapy for a bacteria infection. the drug given should b bacteriostatic because it is often less toxic to the patient

FALSE

The prevalence of a disease in a population is always equal to the incidence of that disease in the population

FALSE

dry heat sterilization is more effective than moist heat sterilization

FALSE

Drugs that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis

Fluoroquinolones Rifamycins`

diseases of unknown cause are called _____ disease

idiopathic

The "Father of Epidemiology" is:

John Snow

These surface active agent or surfactants are effective against lots of microbes

QUATS

Used for sterilizing tissue transplants and medical devices such as endoscopes

Supercritical fluids

Antibiotic misuse leads to antibiotic resistance

TRUE

Antibiotics are relatively easy to discover because they are apart of a microbe' natural defense system

TRUE

If a disease is a nationally notifiable disease , diagnosing physicians are required to report case to the US Public Health Service

TRUE

Individuals infected with pathogenic microorganisms will always develop visible signs of disease

TRUE

It is impossible to sterilize a patient prior to surgery or other medical procedure

TRUE

Robert Koch's postulates provided a way to link a particular pathogen to a particular disease

TRUE

The use of antibiotics in food production and processing , as well for treating food animals species , is tightly controlled by FDA and/or UDA

TRUE

pathogen portal of exit are generally via the same route as their portal of energy

TRUE

antiviral drug are classified as

all of the above are antiviral drug classifications

which of the following is/are methods used by bacteria to resist the effects of antibiotics

all of the above are methods used by bacteria to resist the effect of antibiotics

pathogenic properties of eukaryotic pathogens include

all of the above are pathogenic properties of eukaryotic organisms

drug generation , such as with cephalosporin may be designed to

all of the above are reason why ne drug generation are developed

which of the following play a role in microbial adhesion and subsequent colonization

all of the above play a ole in microbial adhesion

bacteremia, toxemia and viremia are all terms describing pathogens or their toxins in

blood

If it was critical to distinguish between bactericidal and bacteriostatic chemotherapy agents , which of the following test would you use

broth-dilution test

based on the graph above , what is the approximate median lethal dose (LD50) of the virus

cannot be determined from this graph

drugs that disrupt ribosomes so inhibit protein synthesis

chloramphenicol , macrolides , tetracyclines , aminoglycosides and lincosamide

Which of the following definitions is incorrect

communicable : a disease that does not spread between hosts

TORCH Panel tests screen for microorganism known to

cross the placenta potentially causing birth defects

Examine the disk diffusion assay shown above. Which disinfectant appears to be the least effective against Staphylococcus aureus

disinfectant D

The process of removing pathogens from non-living surfaced is

disinfection

congratulations! you have discovered a new antibiotic. It contain a b-lactam ring in its structure. On the basis of this information, it's target is most likely

disruption of cell wall synthesis

The science that seeks to determine how diseases spread in a population is called

epidemiology

virulence factors that aid in dissemination of disease by degrading tissue adhesion molecule (hyaluronic acid , collagen), DNA or host cell membrane are generally referred to as

exoenzymes

Which of the following terms best describes a disease that has period with no symptoms or signs because the pathogenic microorganism goes dormant but is never eliminated from the body

latent

a fly visits a manure pile then a hamburger at a country picnic

mechanical vector

leukocidins and hemolysins are examples of

membrane disrupting toxins

which of the following best describes the pattern of microbial death when a culture is exposed to a bactericidal agent

microbes in the culture at a constant rate

which of the following disease stage is the time when you begin to realize you are sick

prodromal period

uncontrolled immune response (toxic inflammation) bactermia or toxemia result in

sepsis followed by septic shock

Drugs that inhibit metabolic pathways for folic acid synthesis

sulfonamides (sulfa drug) , trimethoprim

life-threatening intense immune responses occur in some gram positive bacterial infections due to

super antigen toxins

In the A-B exotoxin, which subunit is responsible for the toxic effects on the host cell?

the A-subunit

The ESKAPE pathogens are

the leading cause of nosocomial infections worldwide

Transmission by food , water or air

vehicle

which of the following microbes are the least resistant to (=easiest to kill) chemical biocides

viruses with lipid envelopes


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