Exam 3 PH

A nurse is teaching a CPR course for non-medical professionals. Place the following steps for performing CPR on an adult in the order in which they should be performed (1-4): _____ 1. Chest compressions _____ 2. Assess the patient _____ 3. Clear the airway _____ 4. Administer breaths

ANS: 2,1,3,4

A group of nurses is looking to reduce the number of cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia in their hospital. The nurses decide to use the IHI model as their guiding process. Place the following steps in the order in which they should be performed (1-4): _____ 1. Study the process from start to finish. _____ 2. Develop a goal statement and determine what will be measured during this process. _____ 3. Proceed with ventilator care process using standard hospital protocols. _____ 4. Make changes to the processes as determined by results of the study.

ANS: 3,1,2,4

A nurse has noticed an increase in drug and alcohol abuse in the young adult population in the community. The nurse has teamed up with another nurse to formulate policies to address this health concern. Place the following steps in the order in which they should be performed (1-4): _____ 1. Brainstorm a list of possible policy interventions. _____ 2. Perform an assessment of the community, looking at social information, the available resources, and needs of the community. _____ 3. Examine the efficiency, effectiveness, and equity of policy alternatives. _____ 4. Establish goals, working with a representative of the teens living in the community.

ANS: 3,1,4,2

A nurse is reviewing the disaster preparedness cycle with other nurses in the hospital. The nurse explains that the following steps must occur. Place them in the correct order (1-4): _____ 1. Recovery _____ 2. Preparedness _____ 3. Mitigation _____ 4. Response

ANS: 4,1,2,3

A PHN is gathering evaluation information on a program to be used for several purposes, except A. To share with the media for public relations B. To make improvements on the program C. To redefine the population being served D. To share with funding agencies

ANS: A

A PHN is helping to manage a chemical spill crisis in a nearby community. In order to find out the community's chemical response plan, the nurse consults which of the following? A. The Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA) B. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) C. Healthy People 2020 D. The World Health Organization (WHO)

ANS: A

A labor and delivery nurse is evaluating the hospital's C-section rate and wants to see how it compares with national statistics. Which resource should the nurse check? A. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project B. Healthy People 2020 C. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality D. Institutional Review Board

ANS: A

A nurse has been contacted to consult with the coordinating health organization of the U.N. This means that the nurse will be working with: A. WHO B. Global Health Center C. World Bank D. CDC

ANS: A

A nurse has noticed that the average age of the workers in a factory is starting to increase. In anticipation of the needs of this population of workers, which program would likely be effective in keeping these workers safe? A. Beginning a fitness program for workers to build muscle, flexibility, and balance B. Reducing hours C. Decreasing lighting and frightening noises D. Implementing an early retirement program

ANS: A

A nurse is attending a training session on disaster management and is surprised to learn that: A. True emergency preparedness and disaster management is a continuous cycle and has no beginning or end. B. There are four major phases of a disaster life cycle. C. There are three stages of the disaster preparedness framework. D. Emergency preparedness and disaster management must only occur at the local level.

ANS: A

A nurse is describing the prevention measures available to the rest of the hospital staff. The nurse explains that the use of personal protective equipment is an example of: A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention D. Quaternary prevention

ANS: A

A nurse is evaluating the global issues surrounding nutrition and accessibility of health food options. One unintended health consequence of the globalization and industrialization of food production has been a(n): A. Increase in noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes and heart disease in LICs B. Decrease in maternal and child health issues in LICs C. Shift in the distribution of deaths from older populations to younger populations in LICs D. Decline in noncommunicable diseases, especially in areas where communicable disease is rampant

ANS: A

A nurse is looking to improve the care of women presenting to the ED with atypical symptoms of a heart attack. The nurse finds that the average door-to-balloon rate in their hospital is 64 minutes. How does the nurse proceed? A. No need to address this—the door-to-balloon rate is well within the desired guidelines. B. Perform a hospital and ED assessment to see where these patients are being held up. C. Mandate EKGs for every patient who comes into the emergency room. D. Create a separate wing of the emergency room especially for suspected cardiac patients.

ANS: A

A nurse is presenting a lecture about global health and life expectancy and states that in America, the biggest reason for the increase in life expectancy is: A. Better public health practices B. Increased education C. Decrease in crime D. Improved housing

ANS: A

A nurse is presenting a lecture about pneumonia to a group of senior citizens in a community center. The nurse explains that people with which of the following risk factors are at a higher risk of developing the infection? A. Cigarette smoking, alcoholism, and heart failure B. Immunosuppression and hypertension C. Diabetes and gastritis D. Hypertension, diabetes, and heart failure

ANS: A

A nurse is teaching a class about global health issues when a student asks why the health of other countries is relevant to the United States. The nurse replies: A. "Because of the global world we live in, the health of one country can profoundly affect the health, economy, and security of the rest of the world." B. "It doesn't, but being aware of health issues in other countries allows nurses who are interested to volunteer their services internationally." C. "Being aware of health issues in other countries gives us information about what not to do as public health nurses." D. "Looking at global health issues gives us information about how to treat medical emergencies here."

ANS: A

A nurse is teaching new nurses how to optimize post-hospital discharge outcomes for patients. Which of the following actions should the nurses take? A. Perform a discharge assessment before patients leave the hospital. B. Perform a home health visit before the patient is discharged to assess if it is a safe environment to return to. C. Order mandatory home health visits for all patients who have been hospitalized. D. Have standardized discharge instructions for patients to follow when they return home.

ANS: A

A nurse is working as an occupational nurse with a coal mining company. The nurse frequently observes workers sitting next to the entrance of the mine and eating lunch. The nurse knows that this poses a serious health risk. How should the nurse proceed? A. Speak with several workers to see why they are eating next to the entrance of the mine. B. Have management install hand-washing stations next to the entrance so workers can wash their hands before eating. C. Establish a break room in a portable trailer so that workers have a place to go eat lunch. D. Host a wellness seminar so that the nurse can provide information to the workers.

ANS: A

A nurse is working at a high school that is serving as a community shelter during a hurricane. In the surge after the storm, the basement starts filling with floodwaters and then the power shuts off. As a result, the nurse contacts the local coast guard to assist in relocating people in the shelter to an unaffected elementary school across town. This is an example of: A. Mitigation B. Preparedness C. Triage D. Recovery

ANS: A

A nurse is working at a local community health center. The nurse is speaking with an elderly Native American man who lives on a nearby reservation. He reports that many members of his tribe are unable to afford health care and are suffering from alcoholism and diabetes. What program should the nurse suggest that the gentleman contact? A. Indian Health Services B. Medicaid C. Medicare D. Alcoholics Anonymous

ANS: A

A nurse is working in a community clinic in Bangladesh treating many members of the medicallyindigent population. A young man comes into the clinic with a large ulcerated lump on the back of his legs. He reports having noticed a fly bite at that spot a few days ago. What does the nurse suspect? A. Leishmaniasis B. Malaria C. Dengue Fever D. SARS

ANS: A

A nurse is working in a private practice. Most of the staff members work at their desks and there are always baked goods from patients in the break room. The nurse wishes to implement positive healthy changes for the staff members. What is the best way to encourage these changes? A. Start a running team and sponsor employees in running races together. B. Host an employee wellness fair. C. Mandate yearly screenings for hypertension and diabetes. D. Sponsor a voluntary weight loss competition.

ANS: A

A nurse is working very closely with a community after a small plane crashed into an apartment complex and killed many of its residents. Now that the crash site has been cleaned and the community is starting to return to normal, what is the priority for this community? A. Screen for and manage depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. B. Establishing an emergency management plan. C. Hold a community debriefing about what happened. D. Encourage residents to get back to their regular routines as soon as possible.

ANS: A

A nurse is working with local government officials and political lobbyists to prompt a vote to improve the school lunch program. The nurse knows that this is an example of: A. Advocacy B. Public health policy C. Equity D. Public health economics

ANS: A

A nurse is working with the state department of health. Weather forecasters are anticipating that several communities will be impacted by a severe hurricane that will likely decimate the coastline of their community. They order a voluntary evacuation for several communities, in particular those that are likely to be most severely impacted. Which of the following statements is incorrect? A. Use of the Emergency Alert System by broadcasters during an emergency is voluntary. B. They should consider mandatory evacuations if residents chose to not evacuate as suggested. C. There should be a legal plan in place to deal with residents who are not complying with instructions. D. A shelter should be established to help vulnerable residents and people who are not able to find somewhere to stay.

ANS: A

A nurse working with diabetes patients noted that most of them are obese and that this is a risk factor affecting their disease. The nurse knows that in 2009 and 2010 approximately ____ of U.S adults and ____ of children were obese, meaning they had a body mass index greater than or equal to 30. A. 35.7 %, 16.7% B. 22.5%, 17.9% C. 40%, 15% D. 25.5%, 35.5%

ANS: A

A nursing student is doing a project using the OSH program to evaluate a local workplace. What is the first step? A. Evaluate the workplace, looking for hazards. B. Perform a community and workplace cultural assessment. C. Perform medical screening on all employees. D. Collect routine health data on all employees

ANS: A

An occupational nurse is speaking with union representatives about a long-standing problem with insufficient safety equipment at a local surgical center. Where does the nurse suggest they report the problem? A. OSHA B. JCAHO C. City Council D. The medical director

ANS: A

When a PHN is working on a community diagnosis for an industrial town with a high incidence of a normally water-borne illness, the nurse researches the characteristics of the problem. This part of a community diagnosis looks at A. What the problem is related to B. The assessment C. The population D. How the problem is demonstrated

ANS: A

A nurse is reviewing the hospital's statistics in comparison with the IHI "100,000 Lives Campaign" to see what the facility could do to improve safety within the organization. What statistics should the nurse look at? Select all that apply. A. Use of rapid response teams B. Central line infections C. Ventilator assisted pneumonia D. Pressure wounds E. Number of falls

ANS: A,B,C

Nurses working with chronic disease patients consider it important to know about the burden of disease associated with a specific disease because it does which of the following? Select all that apply. A. Takes into account what impact the disease will have on the community as a whole B. Provides an overview of the disease's social and economic impact C. Helps determine promotion and prevention efforts targeting most common chronic diseases D. Does not impact treatment cost E. Does not affect risk of injury

ANS: A,B,C

Nurses working with diabetes patients know that this noncommunicable chronic disease (NCD) has which of the following characteristics? Select all that apply. A. It cannot be prevented by a vaccination. B. It cannot be cured by a medication. C. It requires long-term management. D. It is not affected by weight. E. It does not require lifestyle changes such as regular exercise.

ANS: A,B,C

A PHN is evaluating the effectiveness of a health intervention program for children by looking at the program characteristics. According to Lisbeth Scherer's criteria, the nurse will be looking for which of the following? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. A. Whether the program is meeting all the needs of the children B. Whether the program continues to reach out to the families in neighborhoods C. Whether the program stays true to its goals D. Whether the staff and managers are able to support the mission of the program E. Whether the program is able to attract grant money

ANS: A,B,C,D

To aid a lower income family who is struggling with a pest problem in their home, a PHN recommends a program known as integrated pest management, which offers methods to deter pests. Some of these methods include which of the following? Select all that apply. A. Caulking and sealing cracks and holes in the home B. Eating in one place C. Getting rid of clutter D. Storing food in sealed containers E. Making sure the family is vaccinated

ANS: A,B,C,D

An occupational nurse is asked to perform a walk-through assessment of the factory where he or she works. What type of information should the nurse include in the assessment? Select all that apply. A. Obvious dangers or hazards B. The presence or absence of safe walkways C. Observations of noise levels D. The use of personal protective equipment E. The physical activity of the workers

ANS: A,B,C,D,E

The PHN understands that the toxicity of chemicals in children is more severe than that in older populations because of which of the following reasons? Select all that apply. A. Children play in outdoor soil, which can be contaminated. B. Children may ingest substances from unlabeled, repurposed food containers. C. Children have faster rates of absorption of toxic substances. D. Parental oversight is minimal. E. Children have less developed immune systems.

ANS: A,B,C,D,E

The public health nursing student learns that the need for environmental justice extends to disadvantaged populations, who, as a result of low income, age, health status, race, or other social indices of susceptibility, are at greatest risk of exposure to environmental hazards because of which of the following problems? Select all that apply. A. Substandard housing B. Lack of access to health care C. Lack of nutritious food D. Lack of safe places to play E. Employment in risky jobs

ANS: A,B,C,D,E

Two nurses are establishing a primary health care clinic in a rural part of Africa. Their goal is to include as many of the essential components of primary health care, as defined during a WHO conference in Alma Alta. Which of the following functions would likely be included in their model of care? Select all that apply. A. Patient education about health problems B. Maternal and child health care C. Principles of proper nutrition D. Adequate supply of safe water and healthy foods E. Treatment and prevention of local infectious diseases

ANS: A,B,C,D,E

A nurse is educating emergency room nurses about the symptoms of Avian Influenza, as there is some evidence of infection overseas. The nurse wants the staff to be aware of the symptoms so they can closely monitor for the virus. Which of the following symptoms should be included? Select all that apply. A. Eye infections B. Pneumonia C. Fever D. Muscle weakness and paralysis E. Cough

ANS: A,B,C,E

An OEHN is performing an employee health evaluation for a new female worker who will be working on a construction site. What information is particularly relevant to the assessment? Select all that apply. A. Fit of PPE B. Hearing and vision assessment C. Family situation D. Previous medical records E. Job description

ANS: A,B,C,E

When considering the outcomes of a planned intervention, a nurse should measure which of the following types of outcomes? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. A. Short-term B. Medium-term C. Changes in knowledge, skills, or behavior D. Long-term E. Unexpected or unintended outcomes

ANS: A,B,C,E

A nurse is starting a position with a large agricultural farm in the Central California valley, where most of the migrant workers are recent immigrants to the area. This farm has never before employed an OEHN, and so the nurse wants to establish a training program especially for these newly immigrated workers. What information and assistance is particularly helpful for this population? Select all that apply. A. Safe work practices B. Assistance in locating shelter and food C. Financial assistance for education D. Complaint policies E. Immigration assistance

ANS: A,B,D

A nurse is organizing a disaster drill for the hospital. Which factors should the nurse consider while organizing the drill? Select all that apply. A. They should be scheduled twice a year. B. The materials should be specific to the expected surge at that facility during a disaster. C. They should only involve a few key staff members. D. They should practice the organizational structure of the facility. E. In addition to the actual drill, the entire staff and volunteers should undergo a continuing education in-service.

ANS: A,B,D,E

When analyzing evidence-based practice (EBP) literature to see if the information should be used in planning a program, a nurse should look at which of the following? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. A. Quantitative and qualitative data from studies B. Analysis to see if the program is thriving C. Economic indicators to see if the program is financially stable D. Indicators of real outcomes and behavior change E. Indicators of outside factors that might change the program

ANS: A,B,D,E

A nurse has just been promoted to serve on the disaster preparedness committee of the hospital. The nurse's role during a disaster is to collect emergency information and distribute it to public health officials as required. What information should the nurse collect? Select all that apply. A. Staffing needs B. Supply inventory and shortages C. Name, social security number, and phone number of every employee responding to the disaster D. Budget needs of the hospital E. The number of patients who have already been treated and who still need care

ANS: A,B,E

A nurse is teaching a class on the basic principles of health insurance. The nurse asks the class about benefits of the Affordable Care Act to American citizens. What are some possible responses? Select all that apply. A. Expansion of Medicaid to include more people B. Coverage of young people under the age of 26 on their parents' health insurance policy C. Universal health coverage for all citizens D. Mandatory employer-paid coverage for all employees E. Expansion of access to and coverage of preventative care

ANS: A,B,E

A nurse working in a clinic in South America suspects that a patient, a young woman, has Chagas. What contraindications should the nurse screen for before initiating treatment? Select all that apply. A. Liver disease B. Renal disease C. Bleeding abnormalities D. Pulmonary disease E. Pregnancy

ANS: A,B,E

A nurse is assisting a primary health clinic in a rural South American country in establishing a quality and inclusive primary care program. The nurse consults the WHO components to primary health care for guidance. Which of the following elements is included in the WHO guide? Select all that apply. A. Diminish social disparities in health. B. Improve maternal and child health care. C. Better organize health care around the needs of the community. D. Improve funding for primary-care programs. E. Increase collaborative relationships for and stakeholder participation in public policy development.

ANS: A,C,E

A PHN evaluating an increase in lung cancer cases in a certain area would take which of the following steps to determine what was causing the increase? A. Conduct a retrospective case control study. B. Both 1 and 3 C. Ask family members of lung cancer patients for additional information. D. Not survey town residents

ANS: B

A PHN is evaluating a community's pollution, accessible transportation, and outside activities and the maintenance of its neighborhood buildings. The nurse is evaluating the: A. Environmental stability B. Built environment C. Ecological approach D. Environmental health

ANS: B

A PHN is learning about exposure risk assessments, which are used by policy makers and other regulators to evaluate the health effects from an environmental exposure. In these assessments, the final step in the process involves making a judgment about the risk of the health problems to those who are exposed. The nurse learns that this is referred to as a: A. Dose-response assessment B. Risk characterization C. Hazard identification D. Exposure assessment

ANS: B

A PHN is studying a geriatric population in a high-rise building. As part of the community diagnosis, there are several factors to be examined, including the factor that is particularly significant to designing the program since it alters the outcome. This factor is called the: A. Causal factor B. Mediating factor C. Moderating factor D. Antecedent factor

ANS: B

A PHN is working as an occupational nurse for a mining company. Which of the following is an example of a secondary prevention policy that the nurses can implement to address the high risk of pulmonary disorders found in miners? A. Use of respirators for everyone working in the mine B. Routine lung cancer and pulmonary disease screening C. Job transfers for workers with pulmonary changes from the mine to an administrative position D. Installation of a high-powered air filtration system in the mine

ANS: B

A community's public health nurses (PHNs) are working on building community capacity, which includes all of the following except: A. Organizing assets and resources to improve the health of a community B. Assessing how many people the community clinic will contain at one time C. Working in partnerships and supporting decision making D. Identifying root causes of health problems and working on interventions and outcomes

ANS: B

A group of public health officials want to use the logic model for program design. In this model, when a program's intended outcome is achieved, this is referred to as successful: A. Input B. Output C. Outcome D. Impact

ANS: B

A hospital admits a patient who is having breathing problems after mixing household cleaning products. The nurse recognizes that this patient is suffering from exposure to which type of environmental hazard? A. Biological B. Mixed C. Physical D. Chemical

ANS: B

A nurse is admitting a new patient through the emergency room after collapsing at home. The patient's girlfriend states that he has been really sick the last few days and complained of feeling dizzy just before losing consciousness. The nurse takes the following vital signs: temperature of 38.7°C, pulse of 121 beats per minute, blood pressure of 87/52, and respiratory rate of 32 breaths per minute. The nurse observes that he is diaphoretic. After running a CBC, the white blood cell count is 14,532. After stabilizing him, the nurse calls the ICU to prepare them to treat which of the following? A. Shock B. Sepsis C. DIC D. Heart failure

ANS: B

A nurse is assisting paramedics at the site of a large accident with many injured people. During the initial response, it is especially important to: A. Notify the media so they can assist in informing the community of what happened. B. Triage victims according to the severity of their injuries. C. Interview victims and witnesses to determine what happened. D. Notify clergy and mental health professionals to assist survivors at the site.

ANS: B

A nurse is caring for a patient in the emergency room. The physician orders hyperbaric oxygen therapy, antibiotics, and surgical debridement in the morning. The nurse knows that the doctor suspects: A. Cellulitis B. Necrotizing fasciitis C. Toxic shock syndrome D. Sepsis

ANS: B

A nurse is caring for a young child who is suspected of having meningitis. A spinal tap culture is pending. If it comes back positive for N. meningitidis, the nurse will need to: A. Discharge him from the hospital; it is appropriate for his family to care for him at home. B. Inform the child's daycare and other caregivers so they can monitor for symptoms of the infection. C. Promptly admit the child to the ICU. D. Double the dose of antibiotics.

ANS: B

A nurse is caring for a young child with a severe ear infection in a hospital emergency room. The nurse asks the mother why it took so long for the child to get care and the mother stated that she couldn't afford medical bills and that they didn't qualify for Medicaid. Once the child has received medical attention, what program does the nurse recommend to the mother? A. WIC B. CHIP C. Medicare D. TANF

ANS: B

A nurse is caring for a young man in the emergency room. He presents with severe headache, a rash, joint pain, and a fever of 103.5° F. He reports having traveled to India recently. What does the nurse suspect? A. Leishmaniasis B. Dengue fever C. Severe acute respiratory syndrome D. Malaria

ANS: B

A nurse is caring for a young man who is complaining about the state of the health-care system. He argues that health care should be left to the free market economy. To explain why relying on the free market is not practical, the nurse responds, A. "There are too many health-care providers to support the health-care system in a free market economy." B. "A free market system is difficult to implement because during emergencies, patients and their families are unable to properly research local emergency care options." C. "The American health-care system is already based on a free market system." D. "A free market economy is based on the sale of goods, and does not apply to the healthcare system.

ANS: B

A nurse is counseling a young woman with a new diagnosis of Gonorrhea. What should be included in the discharge instructions? A. The nurse will need to contact all of the woman's prior sexual partners to inform them of her diagnosis. B. Filing a report with the health department is mandated and is a way for them to track infection rates. C. All of the above D. None of the above

ANS: B

A nurse is having a discussion with a patient about who should be responsible for overseeing the public health system and the health of American citizens. The patient states that each person should be responsible for his or her own health. The nurse replies that the American Constitution gives this power to: A. Federal government B. State governments C. Local governments D. Private insurance companies

ANS: B

A nurse is looking for international volunteer opportunities working with women with a focus on reproductive health. Which organization is a good place to contact? A. Catholic Relief Service B. USAID C. CDC D. WHO

ANS: B

A nurse is looking to create policies that would reduce the rate of tobacco use by teenagers in the local community. Who would be the most important group to consult with when performing a community assessment? A. Physicians and educators B. Local teenagers C. Public health and tobacco experts D. Local shop owners and community council members

ANS: B

A nurse is planning specific interventions that aim to reduce the rate of complications due to uncontrolled blood sugar levels in the diabetes population. The word population is being used in the ____ context. A. Public health B. Hospital setting C. Cultural D. None of the above

ANS: B

A nurse is preparing a lecture about caring for the needs of the American workforce. Which of the following statements is incorrect? A. The American workforce is becoming more knowledge based. B. Most Americans are employed at their first job at 18 years of age. C. The predominant health issue affecting the workforce is diseases associated with a sedentary lifestyle. D. The American workplace is becoming more diverse.

ANS: B

A nurse is preparing to perform physical exams for a group of new employees. What information is the most crucial to the proper evaluation of the new employees' health? A. Medical records B. Job description C. Latest blood test results D. Vaccination records

ANS: B

A nurse is preparing to volunteer with a charity organization working in India that provides medical care to underserved communities. The nurse is performing a cultural and community assessment and determines that their per capita income is $2,973. This classifies the country as: A. Low-income B. Low-middle-income C. Upper-middle-income D. High-income

ANS: B

A nurse is responding to the scene of a small plane crash in the community. First responders are on the scene treating victims, but they have asked the nurse to notify the appropriate federal authorities. The nurse informs: A. The FBI B. The FAA C. FEMA D. The Department of Homeland Security

ANS: B

A nurse is speaking at a city council meeting in a coastal town on the northeastern coast of the United States. The nurse is explaining that in order to protect the rest of the town, the city council needs to restrict people from building homes along the immediate coastline. A resident stands up, angry, and demands to know why he can't purchase property there. The nurse replies: A. "People living along the coastline are at greater risk for property damage from seawater." B. "Deforestation along the coast can increase risk and severity of strong storm surges during hurricanes or coastal storms." C. "Remote areas can be more difficult to evacuate in case of an emergency." D. "All community members need to be able to access the coastline in case of an emergency evacuation."

ANS: B

A nurse is starting a new job as an occupational and environmental health nurse (OEHN) for a large corporation. The nurse wants to ensure that the company's health and safety practices align with his or her standards of practice. What organization should the nurse check with? A. ABOHN B. AAOHN C. NIOSH D. OSHA

ANS: B

A nurse is teaching a class about international health policy. In that class, what does primary health care refer to? A. The first point of contact within the health-care system B. The bare minimum and essential care needed for health, both in individuals and within the community C. The acute care setting D. The coordinator of more specialized care

ANS: B

A nurse is volunteering in a LIC by assisting medical staff in setting up clinics throughout several communities. The nurse remembers reading about a set of goals that were developed within the international community and that seek to address poverty, education, environmental sustainability, and human rights. The nurse wishes to use these goals as a framework for one of the clinics under his or her responsibility. To gather more information, the nurse should research: A. Healthy People 2020 B. Millennium Development Goals C. Health for All D. Euro Health

ANS: B

A nurse is volunteering with the local fire department and is sitting in on a class about dealing with wildfires. The instructor is talking about strategies for fighting a fire that is burning below the forest floor in the humus layer of the soil. This is known as what type of fire? A. Wildfire B. Ground fire C. Surface fire D. Crown fire

ANS: B

A nurse is working on a type of evaluation that examines how a program actually works and whether any outside environmental events might have an impact on the program. This type of evaluation is called a A. Formative evaluation B. Process evaluation C. Summative evaluation D. Program evaluation

ANS: B

A nurse is working with a local television station to work on a public service announcement meant to educate residents on how to prepare for tornados. What advice does the nurse give in the event that a tornado is imminent? A. Watch for the coming storm at the windows. B. Immediately take shelter in a basement away from any windows. C. Take shelter in a large room under a blanket. D. As soon as the alarm goes off, gather your emergency supplies and head to the nearest community shelter.

ANS: B

A nurse working in a hospital oncology unit notices that the number of lung cancer admissions has increased in a particular zip code. What steps should the nurse take to determine what is causing the increase? A. Notify the nurse manager. B. Both 1 and 4 C. Disregard admissions records for similar cases. D. Present the findings to the public health department for their review.

ANS: B

A nursing student is writing a grant for a class project to obtain funding to open a clinic. The clinic is to be used for community residents to be tested and treated for sexually transmitted infections (STI). The instructor advises the nursing student to include a discussion of how increased funding in this clinic would decrease the rate of STI transmission. This discussion includes: A. Public health economics B. Public health finance C. Market economy D. Health Funding

ANS: B

A public health nurse (PHN) is volunteering at a clinic that provides care to migrant workers who work in the fields in their community. In addition to routine health assessments, what should the nurse screen for? A. Hearing loss B. Skin cancer C. Diabetes D. Heart failure

ANS: B

A public health nursing instructor educates a class that the Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling factors, and Causes in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation (PRECEDE) component of the PRECEDE-PROCEED begins with: A. An examination of administrative and organizational issues B. A comprehensive community assessment C. Preventative programs D. The implementation of behavior change

ANS: B

A worker has been exposed to a chemical that he is not used to working with. How should the OEHN proceed with treatment? A. Quickly use water to rinse the chemical off and perform an assessment of the exposed skin. B. Consult the material safety data sheet (MSDS) for more information on how to treat the exposure. C. Call an ambulance and have a coworker bring a sample of the chemical with the victim to the hospital. D. Encourage self-care and have the worker come back if he experiences any other symptoms.

ANS: B

According to the WHO, it is estimated that a large number of people worldwide do not have access to safe drinking water. In a lecture on water quality, a PHN learns that the main barriers to the provision of clean drinking water include all of the following except A. Financial capacity B. Too many facilities for the sanitary disposal of excrement C. Sustainability of the water supply D. Sanitation and hygiene behaviors

ANS: B

An OEHN is speaking with an employee who was injured on the job several weeks ago. It may be several more weeks before he is able to return to work. The nurse refers him to ____ to discuss payment during his time off. A. Long-term disability B. Workers' compensation C. Social security D. A no-fault attorney

ANS: B

An important part of a nurse's role is to make sure patients understand the importance of ____ in treating their chronic disease. A. Adhering to medication regimens B. Both 1 and 3 C. Practicing CDSM D. Eating anything they want

ANS: B

As part of a capstone project, a student nurse is reviewing hospital admissions and discharge data. The student nurse decides to use which group of data to track hospital admissions and review groups of related diagnoses? A. ICD9 codes B. Major Diagnostic Categories (MDCs) C. Recidivism rates D. ALOS statistics

ANS: B

In general, nurses using the program planning model would begin by: A. Assessing the community B. Clarifying the health problem C. Understanding the underlying factors that contribute to the problem D. Developing an intervention

ANS: B

Many outdoor air contaminants originate from various sources. The PHN recognizes that sources such as gas stations, dry cleaners, commercial building heating and cooling systems, and waste disposal facilities are referred to as: A. Criteria air pollutants B. Area sources C. Mobile sources D. Point sources

ANS: B

Nurses working with chronic disease patients assess them based on which of the following risk factors? A. Nutrition B. Both 1 and 3 C. Alcohol and tobacco use D. Height

ANS: B

Older adults have higher body burdens of chemicals that have been absorbed over their lifetimes, and these chemicals collect in the adipose tissue or bone, and can later result in poor health outcomes, such as cancer or organ damage. The PHN recognizes that this substance collection is called: A. Half-life B. Bioaccumulation C. Latency period D. Environmental exposure

ANS: B

Particulate matter varies in size, and the size determines the site of the deposition in the respiratory system. The nursing student is taught that this means that: A. The larger the particulate, the more hazardous B. The smaller the particulate, the more hazardous C. The size of the particulate is not important D. The lungs and dust masks can take care of the particulates

ANS: B

The logic model can provide an analytical structure for better outcome development and program management and evaluation. This was applied to programs aimed at families at risk for homelessness. Researchers found that the main advantage to this model was that A. They were able to acquire government aid. B. They were able to more clearly define their goals to determine more immediate outcomes. C. They were able to get more material resources. D. They were able to build houses for those at risk.

ANS: B

When a nurse treats a heart disease patient, he or she evaluates which of the patient's risk factors to determine how modification might help bring about improvement? A. Tobacco use B. Both 1 and 3 C. Amount of exercise D. Height

ANS: B

A PHN has been sent to the site of a nuclear accident to assist in setting up long-term surveillance. The PHN will want to monitor cases of which of the following diseases? Select all that apply. A. Heart disease B. Leukemia C. Mental illness D. Thyroid disease E. Diabetes

ANS: B,C,D

In caring for their chronic disease patients, nurses must do which of the following? Select all that apply. A. Know others who have or have had the disease. B. Know the pathophysiology of the disease. C. Understand the disease from a public health perspective. D. Help patients understand self-management techniques. E. Work in a hospital setting.

ANS: B,C,D

A nurse is working on an oncology floor and explaining to the new nurses the safety measures required when handling chemotherapy. The nurse describes multiple levels of control, including which of the following? Select all that apply. A. Elimination B. Engineering controls C. Warning D. Administrative controls E. Personal protective equipment

ANS: B,C,D,E

A nurse is looking to reduce the childhood obesity rate in the school district. After assessing the budget, available resources, and the needs of the students, the nurse has decided to focus on increasing the physical activity of the students. What factors should the nurse consider when evaluating the different alternatives? Select all that apply. A. Current evidence-based practice B. The effectiveness of each policy C. The feasibility of each policy D. The efficiency of each policy goal in relation to the cost of enforcing the policy E. The fairness of each policy's costs and benefits

ANS: B,D,E

A cardiovascular nurse is treating a smoker with a high risk for cardiovascular disease. Which of the following should the nurse discuss with the patient? A. Outline the health risks associated with smoking. B. Share statistics about adverse health outcomes related to smoking. C. Both 1 and 2 D. Recommend smoking more.

ANS: C

A family survived a dangerous weather event, but now they are suffering through another part of environmental risk: stress, pain, and anxiety. The nurse recognizes that this is the: A. Physical agent B. Mixed exposure C. Psychosocial factor D. Biological agent

ANS: C

A nurse has been dispatched to communities along the New Madrid fault in Missouri because the area has seen a recent increase in seismic activity. The nurse is attempting to put policies in place that mitigate the potential damages from future earthquakes. Which of the following is an example of an effective policy change? A. Require a post-earthquake meeting to discuss the town's response. B. Create an emergency preparedness plan. C. Update building ordinances to be more resistant to seismic activity. D. Make the Director of the City Health Department in charge of all emergency response needs.

ANS: C

A nurse is answering telephone calls from a triage line. A call comes in from a 62-year-old woman who has complaints of unusual fatigue, abdominal pain, and nausea. She denies eating anything unusual that day. What should the nurse advise her to do? A. Rest and take an antacid. B. Call her physician in the morning. C. Go to the nearest emergency room. D. Schedule an appointment with a cardiologist next week.

ANS: C

A nurse is creating a study within the hospital that would require obtaining patient records for regular chart reviews. How should the nurse proceed? A. Obtain the records from the EMR, or the medical records department as required by the hospital. B. Inform the physician and patient about why the nurse needs to review the records and get copies per hospital policy. C. Create a proposal to present to the Institutional Review Board for review. D. The nurse is not able to use the records because it is a violation of HIPAA.

ANS: C

A nurse is having a discussion with a coworker about frustration at the slow rate of positive health policy change. The nurse has attempted to contact the local policy-maker about the need to expand public transportation availability for community members struggling to get to work but has not received a response. What might the coworker suggest? A. Visiting the representative's local office B. Trying again after the next election C. Getting a group of nurses and local residents to work together to make their needs known D. Write a formal letter of complaint

ANS: C

A nurse is looking at federal funding for the school lunch program and childhood obesity data for the kids in school. The nurse found that despite the highest rate of federal funding for any local school in their district and increased nutrition standards to improve the quality of food, kids in the school also have the highest obesity rate. What conclusion can you draw from this information? A. Even more funding is required to have an effect on the obesity rate. B. The nutritional standards aren't sufficient and the school should revert back to the original ones. C. Some policies aren't enough to change behavior, as many kids are still bringing unhealthy lunches in from home. D. The school should begin a school breakfast program as well so that kids have increased access to healthy foods.

ANS: C

A nurse is looking to develop a new policy to address the rising rate of central line infections in their medical ICU. The nurse speaks with the nurse manager about utilizing the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) approach, instead of simply developing new ICU protocols. Which of the following is not a benefit of using this system? A. New protocols can be tested before implementing them throughout the hospital ICUs. B. The staff can work with manufacturers of the medical equipment to determine how the central line trays can be arranged more efficiently. C. They can figure out what works on the large scale fairly quickly. D. The nurses can figure out what other processes need to be addressed with the new policy changes.

ANS: C

A nurse is planning for the community acceptance of a program, estimating resources, developing specific plans for activities, and establishing program management. The nurse is currently working on A. Project management B. Program evaluation C. Program implementation D. Program planning

ANS: C

A nurse is preparing to teach a class on public health policy and its impact on nursing practice. Which of the following statements is incorrect and should be excluded from the lecture? A. Nursing scope of practice as determined by state nurse practice acts are included in public health policy. B. Nurses are affected by public health policy both professionally and personally. C. Changing health policy does not fall within the scope of nursing practice. D. Some federal and payroll tax exemptions are an example of public health policy.

ANS: C

A nurse is reviewing the Healthy People 2020 objectives related to heart disease and stroke and decides to develop interventions to reduce hospitalizations of older people with heart failure. Which of the following is an example of an intervention at the level of secondary prevention? A. Admission of patients with a history of cardiac failure into an outpatient cardiac rehab facility B. Education about the danger of smoking and alcohol use in schools C. Having patients at high-risk take a daily, low-dose aspirin D. Promotion of good nutrition and exercise habits

ANS: C

A nurse is reviewing the disaster and emergency plans for the hospital before updating them. What characteristic needs to be addressed, as it is not helpful in a disaster preparedness plan? A. The plan is broad in scope and able to address multiple types of disasters. B. The plan is comprehensive and contains plans for advanced preparation, disaster management and post-disaster evaluation. C. The plan stresses autonomy and independence from nearby organizations. D. The plan includes information about long-term management of the after effects of the disaster.

ANS: C

A nurse is teaching a class about the global health issues that face the world's population. Many of the students express frustration at the lack of progress and ask what they can do. The nursing instructor responds that which of the following may be the most effective, long-term solution? A. Regular volunteer work B. Financial contributions to organizations providing health services C. Promoting health literacy and increasing education D. Increasing the number of nursing education programs

ANS: C

A nurse is teaching a class about the role of acute care in the nursing process. A student asks what type of prevention, if any, acute care mainly provides. The nurse replies: A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Quaternary

ANS: C

A nurse is working at a very crowded hospital in Southeast Asia. There are not enough staff or supplies for the nurse to properly care for many of the patients. How can the nurse handle the immediate situation? A. Post ads to recruit new medical staff. B. Close the hospital to further patients until the staffing situation improves. C. Delegate routine care and hygiene tasks to family members who are staying with their loved ones. D. Develop continuing education programs about caring for culturally diverse populations for the nurses to complete in their spare time.

ANS: C

A nurse is working with an organization that has established objectives to assist LICs within their purview to achieve the MDGs. They need additional funding, though, to help them reach their policy goals. Which organization might they contact for help? A. WHO B. PAHO C. World Bank D. CDC

ANS: C

A nurse is working with the local representative to pass a law raising the legal age for purchasing tobacco to 21 years old. It has been passed into the committee phase of the legislative process. How should the nurse prepare for the next step? A. Contact all of the local legislators to lobby for passing of the bill. B. Encourage local citizens to vote on the bill. C. Prepare evidence-based research and current clinical studies to support their position and educate committee members about the medicine behind nicotine addiction in youths. D. Inform local store owners about the impending change in the law.

ANS: C

A nurse wants to use evidence-based practice (EBP) to develop a program aimed at preventing social isolation in older adults. The first step the nurse should take is to A. Do an assessment. B. Develop a community diagnosis. C. Consult the literature to create a rationale for intervention. D. Begin community organizing.

ANS: C

A nurse who treats diabetic patients encourages the patient to follow which of these recommendations to manage their disease diagnosis over time? A. Monitor blood sugar. B. Adhere to medication treatment. C. Both 1 and 2 D. Avoid regular checkups with a health-care provider.

ANS: C

A nurse working in a community clinic understands that morbidity and mortality related to NCD is affected by access to health care, so the nurse makes sure the patients: A. Have access to preventive screenings B. Ignore follow-up appointments C. Both 1 and 4 D. Get resources to help them manage care

ANS: C

A nurse working with chronic disease patients readily recognizes that the common forms of diabetes include: A. Type 1 B. Type 3 C. Both 1 and 4 D. Type 2

ANS: C

A nursing instructor is holding a lecture on environmental health and explains that gene environment interaction: A. Can directly cause diabetes, pulmonary disease, and breast cancer B. Can change the expression of a genetic trait and alter physical aspects C. Can have either a protective influence or increase risk for many diseases D. Does not demonstrate any noticeable effect from the environment

ANS: C

A pediatric nurse in Florida reviewed a report for the state's schools and found which of the following statistics? A. Twenty-one percent of schools required students to take two or more health education courses. B. Seventy-six percent taught 14 key nutrition and dietary behavior topics in a required course. C. Both 1 and 2 D. Ten percent taught a required physical education (P.E.) course in all grades in the school.

ANS: C

A school nurse is evaluating the lunch program in the district after a student had a serious anaphylactic reaction to peanuts. The school is located in a lower socioeconomic area of the city. What new policy would make the most sense in this school? A. Mandate that all students purchase their food on campus and not bring any food into the building. B. Obtain funding to provide free school lunches for everyone. C. Make the school a completely peanut-free campus. D. Ensure that every classroom has access to an EpiPen in case of future reactions.

ANS: C

After the oil spill of 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico, which occurred following a hurricane in that same area four years previously, public health officials became particularly concerned about the economic health of the area. What caused this economic concern? A. Illnesses due to the quality of the air B. Illnesses due to the quality of the water C. The habitats of the fishing industry being destroyed D. The closing of the recreational industry

ANS: C

An OEHN at a large electronics factory wishes to implement new programs to improve employee health and well-being. The OEHN decides to screen employees yearly to determine who requires additional interventions. What is the most effective way to accomplish this? A. Workplace assessment B. Physical exam C. Health risk appraisal (HRA) D. Occupational and environmental history

ANS: C

An OEHN is reviewing the disaster preparedness plan. The OEHN doesn't see any mention of how to handle a catastrophic leak of a dangerous chemical, commonly used in the plan, into the community. After working with the managers, in what part of the preparedness plan should this information be included? A. Preparedness B. Evaluation C. Mitigation D. Recovery

ANS: C

An occupational nurse is starting a new position with a company with 35 employees. The nurse asks to see the OSHA 300 form, but is told that the company is not required to use that form. How does the nurse reply? A. You're right. The OSHA 300 logs are voluntary. B. You're right. The OSHA 300 logs should be kept when a company has 50 employees. C. That's incorrect. The OSHA 300 logs should be kept when a company has at least 10 employees. D. Each employee is required to keep their own logs and report injuries as applicable.

ANS: C

Cardiovascular nurses know that over a third of adults have two or more risk factors for heart disease and stroke, which may include A. High blood pressure B. An inactive lifestyle C. Both 1 and 2 D. Normal body weight

ANS: C

Due to health concerns for high-risk populations, Healthy People 2020 includes as one of its main goals: A. To provide better insurance programs B. To have collaboration among governmental agencies C. To provide access to preventive health-care services D. To improve assessment of services

ANS: C

If a PHN is working for the cause of social justice within a community, he or she will distribute a vaccine A. Only to children B. Only to the elderly C. Only to those who have insurance D. To everyone equally, according to the resources available

ANS: C

If the logic model is used for its linear reasoning in program design, the implementer will read the model like a map, from left to right, whereas stakeholders will read the steps: A. From left to right B. All at once C. From right to left D. By scanning

ANS: C

Keeping in mind distal social determinants when helping a community, a nurse uses the resources available to: A. Build a better playground. B. Build a better clinic. C. Build a better school. D. Build a better community grocery store.

ANS: C

A nursing instructor is giving a lecture on environmental sustainability. The instructor explains that this is a critical issue to the global environment and an important emerging public health issue. Some of the issues addressed within environmental sustainability include which of the following? Select all that apply. A. Preventing environmental exposure B. Maintaining the funding for research and development for alternative energy C. The rates in which renewable resources are harvested D. The rates of depletion of nonrenewable resources E. The creation of pollution that can continue for an indefinite period of time

ANS: C,D,E

In community organizing, the PHN recognizes that her role is that of a: SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. A. Stakeholder B. Leader C. Listener D. Facilitator E. Developer of skills

ANS: C,D,E

A PHN concerned about the increase in NCDs in a community screens patients for which of the following? A. Socioeconomic risk B. Genetic predispositions C. Behavioral factors D. All of the above

ANS: D

A PHN knows that the ambient air standard, which is the highest level of a pollutant in a specific place over a specific period of time that is not hazardous for humans, is most influenced by: A. Wind B. Weather C. Population D. The surrounding built environment

ANS: D

A PHN notices that the Air Quality Index measures 120 for an area. The PHN knows that this means that: A. The air quality is good. B. The air quality is unhealthy. C. The air quality is hazardous. D. The air quality is moderate affecting the most sensitive individuals.

ANS: D

A nurse is at the beach with friends when one of them begins to complain about dizziness and fatigue. It is a particularly hot day in the middle of a heat wave. How should the nurse react? A. Call an ambulance. B. Tell her to close her eyes and rest. C. Give her some cool water. D. Leave the beach with the friend and have her sit in an air-conditioned car while drinking an electrolyte replacement drink.

ANS: D

A nurse is beginning a new position on the medical floor of a hospital. A patient is being admitted with symptoms consistent with tuberculosis. What personal protective equipment does the nurse need when caring for the patient? A. Gloves B. Gloves and mask C. Gloves, mask, and gown D. Gloves, gown, and respirator

ANS: D

A nurse is giving a lecture about public policy and policy changes. A student asks about what impact culture has on public health policy. How should the nurse respond? A. People have a right to their cultural identity and that should be prioritized over the public health policy. B. A person's culture has little to do with health behaviors. C. Policy makers should prioritize the health and well-being of the entire community, regardless of local cultural values. D. Culture not only refers to ethnicity or race, but also to various communities and groups of people

ANS: D

A nurse is partnering with a local television station to create a public service announcement discussing heart disease in women. The nurse explains that women often experience the symptoms of a heart attack differently than men. These symptoms can include: A. Abdominal pain B. Nausea C. Difficulty breathing D. All of the above

ANS: D

A nurse is presenting a lecture to a nursing class about the Millennium Development Goals and our progress in meeting them. Which of the following statements is correct? A. The goal is to achieve them by 2020. B. The selected outcomes are used to measure progress in each country. C. Each goal and its outcome criteria is independent of the other objectives within the MDGs. D. There has been significant progress in meeting some of the goals, but there is still a lot of work that needs to happen in other goals.

ANS: D

A nurse is taking care of a several patients who were injured as a result of a pipe bomb explosion. The current patient has ruptured eardrums and traumatic injuries to his lower extremities due to flying debris. How does the nurse document these injuries? A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Primary and secondary

ANS: D

A nurse is working at a hospital in Hawaii. A neighboring island has been evacuated due to a volcanic eruption. The hospital has been put on alert that they will be receiving injured people from the evacuated island. What types of injuries or illnesses should the nurse and other staff be prepared for? A. Burns B. Respiratory disease C. Severe lacerations or other traumatic injuries D. All of the above

ANS: D

A nurse is working with a local community group in a LIC with a serious problem with a lack of adequate nursing staff. How can nurses be encouraged to stay within the community? A. Recruit more nurses from the local, rural community. B. Institute continuing education programs for nurses to continue their learning. C. Provide education for nurses working in these areas about issues related to working with the limited resources they have available. D. All of the above

ANS: D

A nurse manager is presenting an in-service to the rest of the nurses on the floor. They are discussing the recent spread of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) within the hospital and how to prevent transmission on their floor. The nurse manager mentions that the most effective method of reducing transmission of this infection is: A. Isolation precautions for every infectious patient on the floor B. Improved patient admission protocols C. Increased use of personal protective equipment D. Increased hand washing for all health-care workers

ANS: D

A nursing student studying public health has asked the instructor where to find good sources of evidence-based practice to help formulate policy changes as part of a thesis project. Which resource would be most helpful for the student? A. The New England Journal of Medicine B. Medscape C. The CDC D. The Community Guide

ANS: D

A prison nurse has received notification that there is a powerful storm system approaching the prison that is likely to cause tornados in the area, putting the prison and prisoners at risk. The nurse is reviewing the emergency response plan, which should include: A. Plans for the safety of first responders B. Plans for the protection and safety of prisoners and staff C. Plans for the safety of the general public D. All of the above

ANS: D

A public health nurse (PHN) can employ which of the following to help determine what leads to the development of disease? A. Case control study B. Cohort study C. Epidemiological survey D. All of the above

ANS: D

A public health nurse (PHN) is working with a community after a major wildfire. The fire has been completely contained and will be put out shortly. How does the nurse proceed? A. Return home and allow the local firefighters to finish putting the fire out. B. Contact the Federal Government to ask for assistance in managing the wildfire. C. Wait another day or two until the fire is confirmed to be out and then return home. D. Begin surveillance and assess for incidences of respiratory disease related to the fires.

ANS: D

A public health nurse (PHN) uses the epidemiological triangle to understand A. The environment that brings an agent and host together B. The role environment plays in the health of individuals, families, and communities C. The role of water, air, and waste in environmental health D. Both 1 and 2

ANS: D

An experienced emergency room nurse is beginning a volunteer experience at a large rural hospital in sub-Saharan Africa. Before beginning work the next week, what should the nurse do first? A. Visit the hospital to figure out the layout, supply situation, and the patient care model used. B. Begin studying the language. C. Review ACLS and BLS protocols. D. Perform a cultural assessment of the community in which he or she will be working

ANS: D

If a PHN is working for the cause of social justice within a community, he or she will distribute a vaccine A. Only to children B. Only to the elderly C. Only to those who have insurance D. To everyone equally, according to the resources available

ANS: D

Nurses working with persons at high risk for NCDs encourage their patients to prevent disease development by: A. Incorporating healthy eating habits B. Leading a sedentary lifestyle C. Getting regular preventive screenings D. Both 1 and 3

ANS: D

Pressure to slant or misuse the findings of an evaluation from the stakeholders would be what kind of problem? A. Moral B. Management C. Confidentiality D. Ethical

ANS: D

The PHN realizes that the mere presence of an agent, even if it is known to have toxic properties, does not necessarily mean there is a risk to health. However, the three routes of entry for chemical exposure include all of the following, except: A. Ingestion B. Inhalation C. Dermal absorption D. IV

ANS: D

The health effects of the 2010 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico on the workers and residents, the food supply, and the fishing industry demonstrates the relationship between environmental health and personal health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the factors that are addressed in environmental health are: A. Water, air, and waste B. Economics and governmental structure C. Areas that we live, work, and play D. Physical, chemical, and biological

ANS: D

To educate their patients about the risks of developing NCDs, nurses might share which of the following facts? A. The five leading causes of death in the United States are NCDs . B. Risk for NCD is not affected by individual behaviors, the environment, and socioeconomic factors. C. Prevention occurs across the continuum starting with primary prevention during the perinatal period through tertiary prevention measures such as CDSM programs. D. Both 1 and 3

ANS: D

When screening a patient for NCD risk, a nurse reviews the social determinants of health, including which of the following? A. The social gradient B. Early life C. Work life D. All of the above

ANS: D

A nurse has called the state nursing board to discuss being an advocate for health policy change. The state BON representative gives which of the following as examples of appropriate ways for a nurse to advocate for policy change? Select all that apply. A. Reporting a newly diagnosed case of Listeria to the public health department B. Informing staff about the signs and symptoms of a new virus infecting local residents C. Random inspections of the nursing and clinical staff by the nursing director of a skilled nursing facility D. Regularly using personal protective equipment E. Working with the school board to include nutrition classes in the middle school curriculum

ANS: E