Exam 3 Review

Discuss the appearance of a uterine prolapse vs a vaginal prolapse in a cow

Vaginal about the size of a basketball and smooth. Can happen at any point Uterine hangs almost to hocks, has "buttons" on tissue (caruncles-placental attachments). Occurs immediately after calving, is a medical emergency

Which of the following is FALSE concerning footrot? a) This disease is difficult to treat due to lack of response to antibiotics b) This disease is caused by the bacteria, Fusobacterium necrophorum c) It occurs in the interdigital space between the claws d) This disease causes symmetrical swelling of the foot

a) This disease is difficult to treat due to lack of response to antibiotics

Extra-label drug use and withdrawal times in dairy cattle are: a) guided by FARAD b) acceptable and do not require a VCPR c) never acceptable d) guided by AVMA ethical standards

a) guided by FARAD

A balling gun can be used to administer: a) solid medications (capsule, tablet, bolus) b) both solid and liquid medications c) liquid medications d) a captive bolt

a) solid medications (capsule, tablet, bolus)

CMT test measures

# of somatic cells

Which of the following is TRUE regarding papillomatous digital dermatitis (hairy heel warts): a) this disease causes wart-like lesions that are painful and difficult to treat b) all of these are true c) the cause is a bacteria called Fusobacterium necrophorum d) this disease is more commonly seen in beef herds e) none of these are true

a) this disease causes wart-like lesions that are painful and difficult to treat

Interpretation of the CMT test involves assessing the sample's color and consistency. a) True b) False

a) True

When performing milk culture, the teat ends should be swabbed with alcohol wipes prior to sample collection. a) True b) False

a) True

stripping the teats should be performed prior to any milk diagnostic testing. a) True b) False

a) True

Which of the following is FALSE? a) observing the tail position of a dairy animal will indicate how it feels b) see-through gates and fences are ideal when loading dairy animals c) dairy cattle like routine d) rough handling of cattle can lower milk production

b) see-through gates and fences are ideal when loading dairy animals

A tail jack involves kinking the tail to the side and applying moderate pressure. a) True b) False

b) False

Adult ruminants prefer to rest in lateral recumbency to stimulate rumen activity. a) True b) False

b) False

Young calves, especially bulls, should be rubbed around the horns and forehead to keep them tame and friendly. a) True b) False

b) False

Supplies needed for milk culture

Alcohol pads Paper towels (at least 8) pre/ post dip sterile tube sharpie

Which of the following is TRUE regarding injections in cattle: a) All injections should be given in front of the shoulder b) Injection site reactions negatively affect the value of the carcass when an animal goes to slaughter c) Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) guidelines recommend using subcutaneous route whenever possible d) All of the above are true

d) All of the above are true

In a bovine patient with foot problems, which claws are most likely involved because they are the more weight-bearing claws? a) front lateral and hind medial b) front medial and hind medial c) front lateral and hind lateral d) front medial and hind lateral

d) front medial and hind lateral

Blood samples from the coccygeal vein should be obtained: a) through the ventral aspect of the tail, in the middle 1/3 b) none of these c) through the dorsal aspect of the tail in the middle 1/3 d) through the ventral aspect of the proximal tail between the hemal arches

d) through the ventral aspect of the proximal tail between the hemal arches

The term for the triangular area just cranial to the wing of the ilium used for abdominal auscultation is the __________________.

paralumbar fossa

The term for a castrated male bovine is a _____________.

steer

Milk culture test

the type of bacteria present and helps identify which type of antibiotic to use

A common anatomical site for bacterial infection in newborn calves is the _______________ and should be evaluated during a physical exam.

umbilicus

Normal temperature range for adult cattle is: a) 101.5-104 F b) 100-102.5 F c) 99-101.5 F d) 102-104 F

b) 100-102.5 F

Normal pulse range for adult cattle is ______________ (include units).

40-80 bpm

The subcutaneous abdominal (milk) vein is a good choice for venipuncture due to its large diameter and easy access. a) True b) False

B) False

Cattle lung auscultation landmarks

Caudal to shoulder musculature Ventral to epaxial muscles Divided into cranioventral and caudodorsal lung fields

Cattle heart auscultation landmarks

Caudal to triceps Ventral to level of shoulder joint (heart base) Dorsal to level of elbow joint (heart apex)

Most frequent causes of lameness:

Laminitis Diseases of claw Digital dermatitis Foot rot Deep infections

Normal respiratory rate range for adult cattle is: a) 10-30 bpm b) 8-12 bpm c) 40-80 bpm d) 30-60 bpm

a) 10-30 bpm

Which of the following is FALSE concerning medication techniques in cattle? a) Head restraint should allow the nose to be higher than head height during orogastric intubation b) When inserting the balling gun into the oral cavity it should be inserted from the corner of the mouth, not over the incisors c) Withdrawal times for the medication to be given should be known, recorded in the record and explained to the client d) A Frick speculum is placed in the mouth prior to orogastric intubation

a) Head restraint should allow the nose to be higher than head height during orogastric intubation

A cattle vaccine states on the label: "Give 2 mL subcutaneously or intramuscularly to healthy cattle 3 months of age or older. Do not slaughter within 21 days. No milk withholding required". Based on these instructions, which of these is FALSE? a) It is preferable to give the vaccine subcutaneously to prevent damage to meat products b) Animals receiving this product must not be lactating or going to slaughter within 21 days c) It should only be given to healthy animals d) Calves must be at least 3 months old to receive the vaccine

b) Animals receiving this product must not be lactating or going to slaughter within 21 days

The California Mastitis Test (CMT) is used: a) to identify the bacterial species responsible for causing mastitis b) as a semi-quantitative analysis for somatic cell count c) both of these d) neither of these

b) as a semi-quantitative analysis for somatic cell count

The triangle for IM injections of the lateral cervical area for ruminants is bordered dorsally by the: a) xyphoid process b) nuchal ligament c) cranial border of the scapula d) cervical vertebrae

b) nuchal ligament

The term for the immature male intact bovine is __________________.

bull

Normal ruminants should have: a) 10-15 rumen contractions per minute b) 20-25 rumen contractions per minute c) 1-2 rumen contractions per minute d) 5-6 rumen contractions per minute

c) 1-2 rumen contractions per minute

Which of the following is FALSE regarding injections in cattle? a) Modified live vaccines are more sensitive to disinfectants b) Modified live vaccines lose effectiveness approximately one hour after mixing c) Killed vaccines are packaged in freeze dried vials that are mixed with a diluent before administration d) Killed vaccines are less sensitive to light and temperature changes

c) Killed vaccines are packaged in freeze dried vials that are mixed with a diluent before administration

When viewing a dairy cow from behind, the abdomen should appear to be shaped like a: a) "papple" b) pineapple c) pear d) apple

c) pear

The term for parturition in cattle is ____________.

calving

After milking, the teat sphincters remain open for approximately: a) 1-2 hours b) 5-10 minutes c) 4-6 hours d) 30-45 minutes

d) 30-45 minutes

Which of the following is TRUE regarding cattle vaccines? a) calf diarrhea vaccines are given to calves beginning at 6-8 weeks of age b) modified live vaccines are considered safe for pregnant cows and nursing calves c) Clostridial vaccines ("7-way")are only given to young calves at weaning, due to an increase in cortisol d) Due to maternal antibody interference, boosters are needed to effectively stimulate a calf's immunity

d) Due to maternal antibody interference, boosters are needed to effectively stimulate a calf's immunity

Which of the following is FALSE: a) Bacteria gain entrance to the mammary gland by entering through the teat sphincter b) The two most common causes of mastitis are Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae c) Bacteria that cause mastitis can be grouped as contagious or environmental d) The mammary gland consists of four glands in the cow that are interconnected by blood supply, lymphatic drainage and through milk secretions

d) The mammary gland consists of four glands in the cow that are interconnected by blood supply, lymphatic drainage and through milk secretions

Dairy cattle lameness is influenced by: a) the high-energy diet they are fed b) the environment they are housed in (concrete flooring) c) genetic predisposition d) all of the above

d) all of the above

The term for delivery of liquid oral medication into the oral cavity of ruminants is ______________.

drenching

The type of plant that can cause abortion in large animals or lameness in ruminants

fescue

The imaginary circular area around an animal is known as the ___________________; (if you are within the circle they move, if you are out of it, they stop moving.)

flight zone

The term for a female bovine that has not given birth is _______________.

heifer