Exam 4

True or false: two electrons can simultaneously occupy the same (n,ℓ,mℓ) orbital.

true

In a covalent bond

two atoms share valence electrons and those shared electrons form the chemical bond

How many core electrons does an atom of beryllium (Be) contain?

2

For which atomic orbital does n = 3 and ℓ = 1?

3p

Which color (frequency) of light travels the fastest in a vacuum?

All have the same speed

What scientist proposed that the electron in a hydrogen atom can only have certain energies (i.e., the electron is quantized)?

Bohr

What element is theoretically the largest of all on the periodic table?

Francium (Fr)

Einstein's work on the photoelectric effect validated and made extensive use of which of the following equations?

E= hv

Successive ionizations of an atom and its ions

Each successive ionization requires increasing amounts of energy

The energy released in the reaction F(g) + e⁻ → F⁻(g) is known as the

Electron affinity

What happens to the energy of a photon if the wavelength is doubled?

Energy is reduced by one-half

Rank the following atoms in order of decreasing first ionization energies (i.e., highest to lowest): Li, Be, Ba, F.

F > Be > Li > Ba

What quantum mechanics principle states that electrons are added to atomic orbitals with the same energy so that each orbital is singularly occupied with electrons having the same spin?

Hund's Rule

The molecule NaBr is

Ionic

What periodic trend quantifies the amount of energy required to remove an electron from a neutral, gaseous atom?

Ionization Energy

What is the noble gas core in the electron configuration for Ru?

Kr

Rank the following atoms in order of increasing size (i.e., smallest to largest): Li, Al, Be, Ba, O.

O < Be < Li < Al < Ba

Which of the following states that no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers?

Pauli Exclusion Principle

What type of electromagnetic radiation has the largest wavelength?

Radio waves

Light wave A has a greater frequency than light wave B. Which has a greater wavelength?

Wave B

Energy of a photon is ______ proportional to frequency, and _______ proportional to wavelength.

directly, inversely

What form of radiation has the highest frequency?

gamma rays

In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, the energy required to excite an electron from n = 2 to n = 3 is _______________ the energy required to excite an electron from n = 3 to n = 4?

greater than (use equation)

Elements that are most similar in their properties are found _____

in the same group

What is observed when a noble gas is heated and the emitted light shone through a prism?

individual lines of varying colors

What group of elements tend to form cations?

metals

In a polar covalent bond,

one atom in the bond must have higher electronegativity than the other atom.

The reason an ionic bond forms can best be described as

the energy change for electron transfer results in a large gain in stability when the ionic bond forms

Which group in the periodic table tends to have high electronegativity values?

the halogens

Which of the following best describes what happens when an ionic bond forms?

two atoms, one atom which is more electronegative than the other, exchange electrons and the charges hold the atoms together.

Single, double, or triple covalent bonds in a carbon atom are formed from

valence electrons.

A more electronegative atom

will have more attraction to the electrons in a chemical bond.