Exam 4
True or false: two electrons can simultaneously occupy the same (n,ℓ,mℓ) orbital.
true
In a covalent bond
two atoms share valence electrons and those shared electrons form the chemical bond
How many core electrons does an atom of beryllium (Be) contain?
2
For which atomic orbital does n = 3 and ℓ = 1?
3p
Which color (frequency) of light travels the fastest in a vacuum?
All have the same speed
What scientist proposed that the electron in a hydrogen atom can only have certain energies (i.e., the electron is quantized)?
Bohr
What element is theoretically the largest of all on the periodic table?
Francium (Fr)
Einstein's work on the photoelectric effect validated and made extensive use of which of the following equations?
E= hv
Successive ionizations of an atom and its ions
Each successive ionization requires increasing amounts of energy
The energy released in the reaction F(g) + e⁻ → F⁻(g) is known as the
Electron affinity
What happens to the energy of a photon if the wavelength is doubled?
Energy is reduced by one-half
Rank the following atoms in order of decreasing first ionization energies (i.e., highest to lowest): Li, Be, Ba, F.
F > Be > Li > Ba
What quantum mechanics principle states that electrons are added to atomic orbitals with the same energy so that each orbital is singularly occupied with electrons having the same spin?
Hund's Rule
The molecule NaBr is
Ionic
What periodic trend quantifies the amount of energy required to remove an electron from a neutral, gaseous atom?
Ionization Energy
What is the noble gas core in the electron configuration for Ru?
Kr
Rank the following atoms in order of increasing size (i.e., smallest to largest): Li, Al, Be, Ba, O.
O < Be < Li < Al < Ba
Which of the following states that no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers?
Pauli Exclusion Principle
What type of electromagnetic radiation has the largest wavelength?
Radio waves
Light wave A has a greater frequency than light wave B. Which has a greater wavelength?
Wave B
Energy of a photon is ______ proportional to frequency, and _______ proportional to wavelength.
directly, inversely
What form of radiation has the highest frequency?
gamma rays
In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, the energy required to excite an electron from n = 2 to n = 3 is _______________ the energy required to excite an electron from n = 3 to n = 4?
greater than (use equation)
Elements that are most similar in their properties are found _____
in the same group
What is observed when a noble gas is heated and the emitted light shone through a prism?
individual lines of varying colors
What group of elements tend to form cations?
metals
In a polar covalent bond,
one atom in the bond must have higher electronegativity than the other atom.
The reason an ionic bond forms can best be described as
the energy change for electron transfer results in a large gain in stability when the ionic bond forms
Which group in the periodic table tends to have high electronegativity values?
the halogens
Which of the following best describes what happens when an ionic bond forms?
two atoms, one atom which is more electronegative than the other, exchange electrons and the charges hold the atoms together.
Single, double, or triple covalent bonds in a carbon atom are formed from
valence electrons.
A more electronegative atom
will have more attraction to the electrons in a chemical bond.