Exam 4 chapter 23

Select all of the following that describes the geneticist, Gregor Mendel.

followed the scientific method closely careful, deliberate, note-taker integrated mathematics in his studies

A dihybrid can form ______ different gametes combinations.

four

Use the diagram to answer the question. The first box (circled) on the second row has a phenotype of __.

freckles and short fingers

The science that helps to explain the process of inheritance patterns is called

genetics

Inheritance patterns are studied in the field of

genetics.

The alleles responsible for a trait are referred to as an organism's _________.

genotype

Chocolate Labrador retrievers have brown fur. The combination of alleles that produce the brown fur represents the dogs'

genotype.

An individual with the genotype Hh, would be considered ______ for that trait.

heterozygous

If an organism has two different alleles for the same gene it is considered ______ for that gene.

heterozygous

Recessive genes are typically masked when an individual is______ for the gene.

heterozygous

An organism expressing the recessive trait of short fur (in a simple, Mendelian system) could have which of the following genotypes?

hh

Both members of a______ pair of chromosomes are inherited from the parents.

homologous

Both members of a______ pair of chromosomes are inherited from the parents. Listen to the complete question

homologous

An organism carrying two dominant alleles of a particular gene would be considered______ dominant for that trait. Listen to the complete question Need help? Review these concept resources.

homozygous

An individual with the genotype HH, would be considered ______ for that trait.

homozygous dominant

That each pair of factors separates independently and all possible combinations of factors can occur in the gametes is called Mendel's law of ______ ______

independent assortment

Each genetic outcome of a genetic cross between the same parents is ______ all previous outcomes.

independent of

Phenylketonuria is a(n) _______ disorder, meaning that it is passed from generation to generation via DNA.

inherited

The locus of an allele refers to its

location on a chromosome.

Alleles of a gene are typically located at the same______ on homologous chromosomes.

locus

Homologous chromosomes

may possess the same genes but have different alleles.

An individual of genotype Qq is bred with an individual of genotype Qq is an example of a(n)______ cross.

monohybrid

An experiment during which two heterozygous F1 individuals are bred and produce two different phenotypes for a single trait is termed a ___________.

monohybrid cross

The chance of two or more independent events occurring simultaneously is determined by ______ the chance of the events occurring independently.

multiplying

A normal gamete (a sperm or an egg) has______ allele(s) for each trait.

one

The idea developed by Mendel that proposed that inheritance involves the reshuffling of the same genes from generation to generation is called______ the theory of inheritance.

particulate

Chocolate Labrador retrievers have brown fur. In this example the brown fur represents the dog's ______.

phenotype

The______ refers to an organism's physical appearance and characteristics.

phenotype

The blending concept of inheritance indicates that if a red flowered plant was crossed with a white flowered plant, all offspring of this cross would have______ flowers.

pink

The diagram used for estimating genetic probability is called a(n) ______ ______.

punnett square

Alleles that are represented by a lower case letter are termed _______.

recessive

The particulate theory of inheritance involves

reshuffling of the genes from generation to generation

Gregor Mendel was a mathematician and also kept very detailed notes on his observations. These characteristics helped him be a(n)

scientist

If an individual showing a dominant phenotype, but an unknown genotype, is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual for that trait, this would be considered a ______.

test cross

A two-trait occurs when an individual has two dominant alleles but it is not possible to determine if that individual is homozygous dominant or heterozygous, thus that individual is crossed with an individual who is homozygous recessive for both traits.

testcross

An individual displays two dominant alleles but it is not known if that individual is homozygous dominant of heterozygous for those traits. That individual is crossed with another individual that is homozygous recessive for both traits. This genetic cross is referred to as a ______.

testcross

Mendel bred an unknown plant displaying a dominant phenotype with an individual showing the recessive phenotype; then, he analyzed the offspring to determine the unknown genotype. This experiment is called a(n)______ .

testcross

Genetic probability for a couple having a girl as a second child is _____ as it was for the first child.

the same

A Punnett square is a diagram used

to estimate genetic probabilities in offspring.

Select all of the ways that led to Mendel's success in genetics.

treated his data quantitatively kept carefully detailed records studied large numbers of offspring

When two pea plants with round, yellow seeds breed, they produce many offspring all with round, yellow seeds. This population is considered ________.

true breeding

An individual of genotype TtFFgg mates with an individual of genotype ttFfgg. About how many of their 100 offspring would you expect to be heterozygous for all three traits?

0

What is the probability of two parents with the genotypes Pp and pp, producing an offspring with the genotype of PP?

0

A certain badger is heterozygous for two genes; he has sharp claws and bad breath. He mates with a female badger that is homozygous for both genes, with sharp claws and minty-fresh breath. What are the chances that they have an offspring with sharp claws and minty-fresh breath?

1/2

Select all that apply Select all of the answers that are expected to result from a cross between two individuals with the following genotypes. (Ff X Ff).

1/4 ff individuals 1/4 FF individuals 1/2 Ff individuals

What is the chance that parents who are both heterozygous for widow's peak (Ww) have three children who all have straight hairlines (ww)?

1/64

What is the expected genotypic ratio of a Mendelian monohybrid cross involving individuals with the following genotypes (Tt X Tt)?

1:2:1

What is the expected genotypic ratio of a Mendelian dihybrid cross when both parents are heterozygous for both of their traits?

1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1

Body cells typically have ______ allele(s) for each trait whereas gamete cells have ______.

2; 1

What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a Mendelian monohybrid cross involving individuals who have the following genotypes (Ww X Ww)?

3:1

In a single roll of a six-sided dice, what is the probability of rolling a three or an even number?

4/6

What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a Mendelian dihybrid cross when both parents are heterozygous for both of their traits?

9:3:3:1

Gamete possibilities from an organism with a genotype of AaBb include

AB, Ab, aB, ab

Select all of the gamete possibilities from an organism with a genotype of AABb.

Ab, AB

Which two of the following genotypes would express the same phenotype in a simple, Mendelian system?

FF Ff

True or false: The Law of Segregation, states that homologous chromosomes will randomly associate during meiosis.

False

Use the diagram to answer the question. The first box on the third row has a phenotype of __.

Heterozygous freckles and homozygous dominant short fingers

Select all of the following that are included in Mendel's law of segregation?

Individuals have two alleles for each trait fertilization restores two alleles of each gene to the embryo pairs of alleles separate during gamete formation gametes contain only one of the two parental alleles

Keeping very detailed records of his data and having large numbers of offspring to study are reasons that the geneticist______ was successful in genetics.

Mendel

An individual carries two dominant alleles. To determine if that individual is homozygous or heterozygous a two-trait testcross is conducted. The other individual in the test-cross would be homozygous for both traits.

Recessive

An individual carries two dominant alleles. To determine if that individual is homozygous or heterozygous a two-trait testcross is conducted. The other individual in the test-cross would be homozygous______ for both traits.

Recessive

A tall pea plant (T = tall; t = short) displaying the dominant phenotype is bred with a homozygous recessive individual. Many offspring are produced, and they are all tall. What is the probable genotype of the tall parent?

TT

A tall pea plant (T = tall; t = short) displaying the dominant phenotype is bred with a homozygous recessive individual. Half of the offspring produced are tall while the other half are short. What is the probable genotype of the tall parent?

Tt

The idea that crossing a plant with red flowers with one with white flowers would yield only plants with pink flowers is referred to as the ______ concept.

blending

An individual of genotype QqBb bred with an individual of genotype QqBb. This is an example of a(n)______ cross.

dihybrid

Four different gamete possibilities can be formed from a(n)______ cross.

dihybrid

A _____ is an experiment during which two individuals are bred that have two traits that have two variations for each trait.

dihybrid cross

A______ allele masks the expression of an alternate form of that same gene.

dominant

The term______ allele means that this allele will mask the recessive allele when they are together in the same organism.

dominant

Select all of the premises of Mendel's law of independent assortment.

each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs, all possible combinations of alleles can occur in gametes

A person who suffers from phenylketonuria (PKU) is unable to process phenylalanine because of a dysfunctional ______, a protein that is encoded by their DNA.

enzyme

Select all of the following that are the premises of Mendel's law of segregation?

fertilization restores two alleles of each gene to the embryo individuals have two alleles for each trait gametes contain only one of the two parental alleles pairs of alleles segregate (separate) during gamete formation

A fruit fly of unknown genotype is displaying the dominant phenotype for two different genes (F_G_). What would be the genotype of an individual you select to breed with this unknown fly in order to determine its genotype?

ffgg

Which of the following are genotypes of "true-breeding" organisms?

aabbcc AABBCC

The chance of an event that can occur in more than one way is determined by ______ the individual chances.

adding

Alternate forms of a gene for the same trait are called

alleles

Peter has a gene that encodes blue eyes, while Karin has a gene for green eyes. Alternate forms of genes such as blue versus green for one trait are called

alleles