Exam 4 chapter 23
Select all of the following that describes the geneticist, Gregor Mendel.
followed the scientific method closely careful, deliberate, note-taker integrated mathematics in his studies
A dihybrid can form ______ different gametes combinations.
four
Use the diagram to answer the question. The first box (circled) on the second row has a phenotype of __.
freckles and short fingers
The science that helps to explain the process of inheritance patterns is called
genetics
Inheritance patterns are studied in the field of
genetics.
The alleles responsible for a trait are referred to as an organism's _________.
genotype
Chocolate Labrador retrievers have brown fur. The combination of alleles that produce the brown fur represents the dogs'
genotype.
An individual with the genotype Hh, would be considered ______ for that trait.
heterozygous
If an organism has two different alleles for the same gene it is considered ______ for that gene.
heterozygous
Recessive genes are typically masked when an individual is______ for the gene.
heterozygous
An organism expressing the recessive trait of short fur (in a simple, Mendelian system) could have which of the following genotypes?
hh
Both members of a______ pair of chromosomes are inherited from the parents.
homologous
Both members of a______ pair of chromosomes are inherited from the parents. Listen to the complete question
homologous
An organism carrying two dominant alleles of a particular gene would be considered______ dominant for that trait. Listen to the complete question Need help? Review these concept resources.
homozygous
An individual with the genotype HH, would be considered ______ for that trait.
homozygous dominant
That each pair of factors separates independently and all possible combinations of factors can occur in the gametes is called Mendel's law of ______ ______
independent assortment
Each genetic outcome of a genetic cross between the same parents is ______ all previous outcomes.
independent of
Phenylketonuria is a(n) _______ disorder, meaning that it is passed from generation to generation via DNA.
inherited
The locus of an allele refers to its
location on a chromosome.
Alleles of a gene are typically located at the same______ on homologous chromosomes.
locus
Homologous chromosomes
may possess the same genes but have different alleles.
An individual of genotype Qq is bred with an individual of genotype Qq is an example of a(n)______ cross.
monohybrid
An experiment during which two heterozygous F1 individuals are bred and produce two different phenotypes for a single trait is termed a ___________.
monohybrid cross
The chance of two or more independent events occurring simultaneously is determined by ______ the chance of the events occurring independently.
multiplying
A normal gamete (a sperm or an egg) has______ allele(s) for each trait.
one
The idea developed by Mendel that proposed that inheritance involves the reshuffling of the same genes from generation to generation is called______ the theory of inheritance.
particulate
Chocolate Labrador retrievers have brown fur. In this example the brown fur represents the dog's ______.
phenotype
The______ refers to an organism's physical appearance and characteristics.
phenotype
The blending concept of inheritance indicates that if a red flowered plant was crossed with a white flowered plant, all offspring of this cross would have______ flowers.
pink
The diagram used for estimating genetic probability is called a(n) ______ ______.
punnett square
Alleles that are represented by a lower case letter are termed _______.
recessive
The particulate theory of inheritance involves
reshuffling of the genes from generation to generation
Gregor Mendel was a mathematician and also kept very detailed notes on his observations. These characteristics helped him be a(n)
scientist
If an individual showing a dominant phenotype, but an unknown genotype, is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual for that trait, this would be considered a ______.
test cross
A two-trait occurs when an individual has two dominant alleles but it is not possible to determine if that individual is homozygous dominant or heterozygous, thus that individual is crossed with an individual who is homozygous recessive for both traits.
testcross
An individual displays two dominant alleles but it is not known if that individual is homozygous dominant of heterozygous for those traits. That individual is crossed with another individual that is homozygous recessive for both traits. This genetic cross is referred to as a ______.
testcross
Mendel bred an unknown plant displaying a dominant phenotype with an individual showing the recessive phenotype; then, he analyzed the offspring to determine the unknown genotype. This experiment is called a(n)______ .
testcross
Genetic probability for a couple having a girl as a second child is _____ as it was for the first child.
the same
A Punnett square is a diagram used
to estimate genetic probabilities in offspring.
Select all of the ways that led to Mendel's success in genetics.
treated his data quantitatively kept carefully detailed records studied large numbers of offspring
When two pea plants with round, yellow seeds breed, they produce many offspring all with round, yellow seeds. This population is considered ________.
true breeding
An individual of genotype TtFFgg mates with an individual of genotype ttFfgg. About how many of their 100 offspring would you expect to be heterozygous for all three traits?
0
What is the probability of two parents with the genotypes Pp and pp, producing an offspring with the genotype of PP?
0
A certain badger is heterozygous for two genes; he has sharp claws and bad breath. He mates with a female badger that is homozygous for both genes, with sharp claws and minty-fresh breath. What are the chances that they have an offspring with sharp claws and minty-fresh breath?
1/2
Select all that apply Select all of the answers that are expected to result from a cross between two individuals with the following genotypes. (Ff X Ff).
1/4 ff individuals 1/4 FF individuals 1/2 Ff individuals
What is the chance that parents who are both heterozygous for widow's peak (Ww) have three children who all have straight hairlines (ww)?
1/64
What is the expected genotypic ratio of a Mendelian monohybrid cross involving individuals with the following genotypes (Tt X Tt)?
1:2:1
What is the expected genotypic ratio of a Mendelian dihybrid cross when both parents are heterozygous for both of their traits?
1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1
Body cells typically have ______ allele(s) for each trait whereas gamete cells have ______.
2; 1
What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a Mendelian monohybrid cross involving individuals who have the following genotypes (Ww X Ww)?
3:1
In a single roll of a six-sided dice, what is the probability of rolling a three or an even number?
4/6
What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a Mendelian dihybrid cross when both parents are heterozygous for both of their traits?
9:3:3:1
Gamete possibilities from an organism with a genotype of AaBb include
AB, Ab, aB, ab
Select all of the gamete possibilities from an organism with a genotype of AABb.
Ab, AB
Which two of the following genotypes would express the same phenotype in a simple, Mendelian system?
FF Ff
True or false: The Law of Segregation, states that homologous chromosomes will randomly associate during meiosis.
False
Use the diagram to answer the question. The first box on the third row has a phenotype of __.
Heterozygous freckles and homozygous dominant short fingers
Select all of the following that are included in Mendel's law of segregation?
Individuals have two alleles for each trait fertilization restores two alleles of each gene to the embryo pairs of alleles separate during gamete formation gametes contain only one of the two parental alleles
Keeping very detailed records of his data and having large numbers of offspring to study are reasons that the geneticist______ was successful in genetics.
Mendel
An individual carries two dominant alleles. To determine if that individual is homozygous or heterozygous a two-trait testcross is conducted. The other individual in the test-cross would be homozygous for both traits.
Recessive
An individual carries two dominant alleles. To determine if that individual is homozygous or heterozygous a two-trait testcross is conducted. The other individual in the test-cross would be homozygous______ for both traits.
Recessive
A tall pea plant (T = tall; t = short) displaying the dominant phenotype is bred with a homozygous recessive individual. Many offspring are produced, and they are all tall. What is the probable genotype of the tall parent?
TT
A tall pea plant (T = tall; t = short) displaying the dominant phenotype is bred with a homozygous recessive individual. Half of the offspring produced are tall while the other half are short. What is the probable genotype of the tall parent?
Tt
The idea that crossing a plant with red flowers with one with white flowers would yield only plants with pink flowers is referred to as the ______ concept.
blending
An individual of genotype QqBb bred with an individual of genotype QqBb. This is an example of a(n)______ cross.
dihybrid
Four different gamete possibilities can be formed from a(n)______ cross.
dihybrid
A _____ is an experiment during which two individuals are bred that have two traits that have two variations for each trait.
dihybrid cross
A______ allele masks the expression of an alternate form of that same gene.
dominant
The term______ allele means that this allele will mask the recessive allele when they are together in the same organism.
dominant
Select all of the premises of Mendel's law of independent assortment.
each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs, all possible combinations of alleles can occur in gametes
A person who suffers from phenylketonuria (PKU) is unable to process phenylalanine because of a dysfunctional ______, a protein that is encoded by their DNA.
enzyme
Select all of the following that are the premises of Mendel's law of segregation?
fertilization restores two alleles of each gene to the embryo individuals have two alleles for each trait gametes contain only one of the two parental alleles pairs of alleles segregate (separate) during gamete formation
A fruit fly of unknown genotype is displaying the dominant phenotype for two different genes (F_G_). What would be the genotype of an individual you select to breed with this unknown fly in order to determine its genotype?
ffgg
Which of the following are genotypes of "true-breeding" organisms?
aabbcc AABBCC
The chance of an event that can occur in more than one way is determined by ______ the individual chances.
adding
Alternate forms of a gene for the same trait are called
alleles
Peter has a gene that encodes blue eyes, while Karin has a gene for green eyes. Alternate forms of genes such as blue versus green for one trait are called
alleles