Exam 4 study - Cultural Diversity - Chp 5

Minority group in society, smaller than dominant

A physical or cultural characteristic identifies the people as different from dominant group.

True or False: Culture includes the beliefs, habits, likes and dislikes, and customs and rituals learned from one's family.

A. True. Rationale: Culture is defined as a shared system of beliefs, values, and behavioral expectations that provides social structure for daily living. It includes the beliefs, habits, likes and dislikes, and customs and rituals learned from one's family.

5 major categories of race

American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, White

True or False: The health care system is a culture of its own, with nursing being its largest subculture. A. True B. False

Answer: A. True. Rationale: The health care system is a culture of its own, with nursing being its largest subculture.

True or False: Stereotyping occurs when people ignore differences in the cultures in which they live and proceed as if they do not exist. A. True B. False

Answer: B. False Rationale: Cultural blindness occurs when people ignore differences in the cultures in which they live and proceed as if they do not exist.

Which of the following occurs when members of a minority group, living with a dominant group, begins to blend in and lose the characteristics that made them distinct? A. Cultural imposition B. Cultural conflict C. Cultural assimilation D. Cultural shock

Answer: C. Cultural Assimilation Rationale: Cultural assimilation occurs when one's values are replaced by the values of the dominant culture. Cultural imposition is the belief that everyone should conform to the majority belief system. Cultural conflict occurs when people become aware of cultural differences, feel threatened, and act negatively. Cultural shock refers to the feelings a person experiences when placed in a different culture.

Which term describes what occurs when a nurse believes that one's own ideas, beliefs, and practices are the best or superior to those of colleagues and patients? A. Cultural diversity B. Culture shock C. Stereotyping D. Ethnocentrism

Answer: D. Ethnocentrism Rationale: Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's ideas, beliefs, and practices are superior or preferred to those of others. Cultural diversity refers to the existence of diverse groups in society with varying cultural characteristics. Culture shock describes the feelings a person experiences when placed in a different culture. Stereotyping is the practice of assuming that all members of a cultural group act alike.

Cultural imposition

Belief that everyone should conform to the majority belief system

Ethnocentrism

Belief that one's ideas, beliefs, and practice are the best or superior, or are most preferred to those of others

cultural assessment/area nurses need to understand

Beliefs, values, traditions and practices of a culture Culturally defined, health-related needs of individuals, families, and communities Culturally based belief systems of the etiology of illness and disease and those related to health and healing Attitudes toward seeking help from health care providers

Factors that affect culturally diverse interactions

Cultural background of each participant Expectations and beliefs of each person about health care Cultural context of the encounter Degree of agreement between the sets of beliefs and values of the two persons Andrews & Boyle, 2008

Guidelines for providing culturally competent nursing care

Develop cultural self-awareness. Develop cultural knowledge. Accommodate cultural practices in health care. Respect culturally based family roles. Avoid mandating change. Seek cultural assistance.

Elements of Cultural competence

Developing self-awareness Demonstrating knowledge and understanding of a patient's culture Accepting and respecting cultural differences Not assuming that the health care provider's beliefs and values are the same as the client's Resisting judgmental attitudes such as "different is not as good" Being open to and comfortable with cultural encounters Accepting responsibility for one's own cultural competency

Culture of poverty

Feelings of despair, resignation, and fatalism Day-to-day attitude toward life; no hope for future Unemployment and need for financial or government aid Unstable family structure; possibly characterized by abusiveness and abandonment Decline in self-respect and retreat from community involvement

Dominant Group in society

Group has the most authority to control values and sanctions of society

Cultural blindness

Ignores differences and proceeds as if they did not exist

Subculture

Large group of people who are members of a larger cultural group Members have certain ethnic, occupational, or physical characteristics not common to the larger culture.

Cultural assimilation (acculturation)

Minorities living within a dominant group lose the characteristics that made them different. Values replaced by those of dominant culture

Culture conflict

People become aware of differences and feel threatened. Response—ridiculing beliefs and traditions of others to make themselves feel more secure

Cultural influences on health care

Physiologic variations Reactions to pain Mental health Gender roles Language and communication Orientation to space and time Food and nutrition Family support Socioeconomic factors

Culturally competent Nursing care-patient in pain

Recognize that each person holds various beliefs about pain and that pain is what the patient says it is. Respect the patient's right to respond to pain in one's own fashion. Never stereotype a patient's responses to pain based on the patient's culture. Be sensitive to nonverbal signals of discomfort, such as holding or applying pressure to the painful area or avoiding activities that intensify the pain.

Ethnicity

Sense of identification with a collective cultural group Largely based on group's common heritage One can belong to an ethnic group through birth or adoption of characteristics of that group. Groups share unique cultural and social beliefs and behavior patterns. Largely develops through day-to-day life with family and friends within the community.

Culture

Shared system of beliefs, values, and behavioral expectations Provides social structure for daily living Defines roles and interactions with others and in families and communities Apparent in the attitudes and institutions unique to the culture

Stereotyping

The assumption that all members of a culture or ethnic group act alike May be positive or negative: negative includes racism, ageism, and sexism

Culture shock

The feelings a person experiences when placed in a different culture May result in psychological discomfort or disturbances

Race

Typically based on specific characteristics: skin pigmentation, body stature, facial features, hair texture

Cultural diversity

Varying cultures Racial and ethnic origin Religion Physical size, age, and gender Sexual orientation Disability Socioeconomic and occupational status Geographical location