Exam Chapter 22 The Lymphatic System & Immunity

Which are ALL of the functions of the lymphatic system?

1. Draining excess interstitial fluid 2. Transporting dietary lipids 3. Protection of the body from foreign cells, microbes, and cancer cells. 4. Carry out the immune response

List the steps in processing and presenting of an antigen by an antigen-presenting cell (APC).

1. Ingestion of the antigen by the APC by phagocytosis 2. Digestion of antigen into fragments 3. Synthesis of MHC molecules 4. Fusion of vesicles containing antigen fragments and MHC proteins 5. Binding of fragments to MHC molecules 6. Insertion of antigen-MHC complex into the plasma membrane

The primary response will peak how many days after an exposure? A) 1 day or less B) 2-7 C) 10-17 D) 20-30 E) Over a month

10-17 days

A natural exposure to an infectious agent leads to: * A) Passive immunity B) Active immunity C) Passive and active immunity D) Immune suppression E) None of the above

Active immunity

Which of the following is an inactive, self responsive cell?

Anergy cell

This induces production of a specific antibody (immune response). * A) Phagocytosis B) Antigen C) Antibody D) Defensin E) Imunnoglobulin

Antigen

This class of cells includes macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells. A) Antigen presenting cells B) Primary lymphocytes C) T cells D) RBC E) Epitope cells

Antigen presenting cells

barriers used in innate defense

Barriers used by the innate defense include epidermis, mucus, hairs, cilia, lacrimal apparatus, saliva, urine, vaginal secretions, sebum, perspiration and gastric juices.

This will lead to inflammation, enhancement of phagocytosis and lysis of microbes. A) Classical complement system B) Alternative complement system C) Apoptosis D) Classical and Alternative complement systems E) Hapten activation

Classical and Alternative complement systems (BOTH)

These anti-microbial substances promote cytolysis, phagocytosis and inflammation. * A) Transferrins B) Perforins C) Complement proteins D) Defensins E) Interferons

Complement proteins

This is a small hormone that can stimulate or inhibit many normal cell functions. * A) Enzyme B) Kinins C) Cytokine D) MHC E) Leukocyte

Cytokine

Which of the following is an incorrect matching of immune system cells and their functions?

E) ALL OF THESE ARE CORRECT matching of cells and their functions

List the physical barriers used as the first line of defense against disease-causing microorganisms.

Epidermis of the skin, mucous membranes, lacrimal apparatus, saliva, mucus, hairs, cilia, flow of urine, defecation, vomiting.

Which of the following intensifies the effect of interferons and promotes the rate of repair? * A) Complement proteins B) Perforin C) Fever D) Macrophages E) Natural killer cells

Fever

Lymphocytes can recognize A) Self cells B) Foreign cells C) B cells D) T cells E) Natural killer cells

Foreign cells

This can only stimulate an immune response if attached to a large carrier molecule. A) Epitope B) Antigen C) Hapten D) MHC E) CD8

Hapten

These display CD4 proteins in their membrane and are associated with MHC Class II antigens? A) Cytotoxic T cells B) Helper T Cells C) Memory T Cells D) MHC E) B cells

Helper T Cells

This class of antibodies is mainly found in sweat, tears, breast milk and GI secretions. * A) IgG B) IgA C) IgM D) IgD E) IgE

IgA

This class of antibodies indicates a recent invasion. A) IgA B) IgE C) IgM D) IgD E) IgG

IgM

Which immunoglobulin is a pentamer (5)?

IgM

When B and T cells are fully developed and mature, they are known to be A) Immunocompetent B) Pluripotent stem cells C) Primary lymphatic cells D) Specifically promoted E) Germ cells

Immunocompetent

This portion of the lymph node does NOT contain any lymphatic nodules: This portion of the lymph node contains lymphatic nodules. A) Cortex B) Hilum C) Medulla D) Sinuses E) Trabeculae

Inner cortex ... Cortex

These anti-microbial substances will diffuse to uninfected cells and reduce viral replication (in uninfected cells) A) Transferrins B) Perforins C) Complement proteins D) Defensins E) Interferons

Interferons

Which cytokine released by macrophages acts on the hypothalamus to raise the body temperature during fever?

Interleukin-1

What is the major difference between lymph and interstitial fluid? A) Composition of electrolytes B) White blood cells are present in lymph C) Location D) Types of proteins present E) Red blood cells are present in interstitial fluid

Location

Describe the basic sequence of lymph flow from the time that it is initially formed until it returns to the blood.

Lymphatic capillaries - larger lymphatic vessels - afferent lymphatic vessels - lymph nodes - efferent lymphatic vessels - lymphatic ducts (either thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct) - subclavian vein near the junction with the internal jugular vein.

The skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps are used in: A) Lymphatic system B) Cardiovascular system C) Immune system D) Lymphatic and Immune systems only E) Lymphatic, Immune and Cardiovascular systems

Lymphatic, Immune and Cardiovascular systems

What is the most variable cell in the immune system? * A) Natural killer cell B) Monocyte C) RBC D) Lymphocyte E) Macrophage

Lymphocyte

T Cells secrete this toxin used to fragment DNA. * A) Perforin B) Tumor antigen C) Interferons D) Lymphotoxin E) Toxin T

Lymphotoxin

Genetic recombination generates diversity in what part(s) of the immune system?

MHC antigen and antigen receptors

Which of these does NOT provide a physical or chemical barrier? * A) Macrophages B) Saliva C) Urine D) Mucus E) Stratified squamous epithelium

Macrophages

Which of these provides a non-specific cellular disease resistance mechanism? * A) Macrophages B) T lymphocytes C) B lymphocytes D) Memory B cells E) Stratified squamous epithelium

Macrophages

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic and immune system? * A) Draining excess interstitial fluid B) Maintaining water homeostasis in the body C) Transporting dietary lipids D) Carrying out immune responses E) All of the above are functions of the lymphatic and immune system.

Maintaining water homeostasis in the body

Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation? A) Redness B) Pain C) Heat D) Mucus production E) Swelling

Mucus production

These are mainly used to kill infected body cells and tumor cells. * A) Natural killer cells B) Perforins C) platelets D) Mucus E) Antimicrobial proteins

Natural killer cells

Of the following which is part of the body's second line of defense? A) Mucous cells B) Germ cells C) Lymphocytes D) Natural killer cells E) None of the above

Natural killer cells (NK)

Which type of immunity defends against any type of invader? * A) Nonspecific B) Specific C) Cell mediated D) Antibody mediated immunity E) None of the above

Nonspecific

This action makes microbes more susceptible to phagocytosis. A) Opsonization B) Cytolysis C) Inflammation D) Complement E) Hybridoma

Opsonization

Which of the following is not considered an organ of the immune system? A) Spleen B) Lymph node C) Red bone marrow D) Thymus E) Pancreas

Pancreas

Which of the following is a function of the spleen? * A) Removes worn out blood cells B) Circulates lymph C) Cleanses interstitial fluid D) Cleanses lymph E) Traps microbes with mucus

Removes worn out blood cells

Lack of resistance is also known as: * A) Pathogenic B) Innate C) Specific D) Susceptibility E) Lymphatic

Susceptibility

This can only become activated when bound to a foreign antigen AND simultaneous costimulation? A) B Cell B) T Cell C) Interferon D) MHC E) Antigen presenting cell

T Cell

Which cell is considered to be the most important cell in the immune system?

T Helper cells

The left subclavian vein receives lymph from * A) Left axillary vein B) Lumbar trunk C) Jugular trunk D) Thoracic duct E) Right lymphatic duct

Thoracic duct

The lymph from the right foot empties into the * A) Left axillary vein B) Lumbar trunk C) Jugular trunk D) Thoracic duct E) Right lymphatic duct

Thoracic duct

Which of the below produces the hormone that promotes maturation of T cells? * A) Spleen B) Lymph node C) Red bone marrow D) Thymus E) Pancreas

Thymus

Which type of allergic reaction is the most common type?

Type 1 anaphylactic reaction

Antigens that induce an allergic reaction are called:

allergens

An acute allergic response can lead to

anaphylactic shock

Which type of adaptive immunity will result from intravenous injection of immunoglobulins?

aritifically acquired passive immunity

Which cells of the immune system are the primary targets of the HIV virus?

helper T cells

The inability of the immune system to protect the body from a pathogen causes:

immunodeficiency disease

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the immune system?

increased response of T cells to antigens

Which of the following is an effect of stress on the immune system?

inhibition of the immune system

Which cells increase the permeability of blood vessels by releasing histamine?

mast cells

Which of the following organ systems is NOT aided by the MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue)?

muscular system

Which type of adaptive immunity will result from mother-to-baby IgA transfer via breast feeding?

naturally acquired passive immunity

Which does NOT induce vasodilation and permeability (increased fluid flow) to an infection site?

perforin

The ability of an antigen to react specifically with the antibodies or cells it has provoked is called

reactivity

Natural passive immunity is associated with which of the following?

transfer of IgG from mother to fetus