Exam Chapter 22 The Lymphatic System & Immunity
Which are ALL of the functions of the lymphatic system?
1. Draining excess interstitial fluid 2. Transporting dietary lipids 3. Protection of the body from foreign cells, microbes, and cancer cells. 4. Carry out the immune response
List the steps in processing and presenting of an antigen by an antigen-presenting cell (APC).
1. Ingestion of the antigen by the APC by phagocytosis 2. Digestion of antigen into fragments 3. Synthesis of MHC molecules 4. Fusion of vesicles containing antigen fragments and MHC proteins 5. Binding of fragments to MHC molecules 6. Insertion of antigen-MHC complex into the plasma membrane
The primary response will peak how many days after an exposure? A) 1 day or less B) 2-7 C) 10-17 D) 20-30 E) Over a month
10-17 days
A natural exposure to an infectious agent leads to: * A) Passive immunity B) Active immunity C) Passive and active immunity D) Immune suppression E) None of the above
Active immunity
Which of the following is an inactive, self responsive cell?
Anergy cell
This induces production of a specific antibody (immune response). * A) Phagocytosis B) Antigen C) Antibody D) Defensin E) Imunnoglobulin
Antigen
This class of cells includes macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells. A) Antigen presenting cells B) Primary lymphocytes C) T cells D) RBC E) Epitope cells
Antigen presenting cells
barriers used in innate defense
Barriers used by the innate defense include epidermis, mucus, hairs, cilia, lacrimal apparatus, saliva, urine, vaginal secretions, sebum, perspiration and gastric juices.
This will lead to inflammation, enhancement of phagocytosis and lysis of microbes. A) Classical complement system B) Alternative complement system C) Apoptosis D) Classical and Alternative complement systems E) Hapten activation
Classical and Alternative complement systems (BOTH)
These anti-microbial substances promote cytolysis, phagocytosis and inflammation. * A) Transferrins B) Perforins C) Complement proteins D) Defensins E) Interferons
Complement proteins
This is a small hormone that can stimulate or inhibit many normal cell functions. * A) Enzyme B) Kinins C) Cytokine D) MHC E) Leukocyte
Cytokine
Which of the following is an incorrect matching of immune system cells and their functions?
E) ALL OF THESE ARE CORRECT matching of cells and their functions
List the physical barriers used as the first line of defense against disease-causing microorganisms.
Epidermis of the skin, mucous membranes, lacrimal apparatus, saliva, mucus, hairs, cilia, flow of urine, defecation, vomiting.
Which of the following intensifies the effect of interferons and promotes the rate of repair? * A) Complement proteins B) Perforin C) Fever D) Macrophages E) Natural killer cells
Fever
Lymphocytes can recognize A) Self cells B) Foreign cells C) B cells D) T cells E) Natural killer cells
Foreign cells
This can only stimulate an immune response if attached to a large carrier molecule. A) Epitope B) Antigen C) Hapten D) MHC E) CD8
Hapten
These display CD4 proteins in their membrane and are associated with MHC Class II antigens? A) Cytotoxic T cells B) Helper T Cells C) Memory T Cells D) MHC E) B cells
Helper T Cells
This class of antibodies is mainly found in sweat, tears, breast milk and GI secretions. * A) IgG B) IgA C) IgM D) IgD E) IgE
IgA
This class of antibodies indicates a recent invasion. A) IgA B) IgE C) IgM D) IgD E) IgG
IgM
Which immunoglobulin is a pentamer (5)?
IgM
When B and T cells are fully developed and mature, they are known to be A) Immunocompetent B) Pluripotent stem cells C) Primary lymphatic cells D) Specifically promoted E) Germ cells
Immunocompetent
This portion of the lymph node does NOT contain any lymphatic nodules: This portion of the lymph node contains lymphatic nodules. A) Cortex B) Hilum C) Medulla D) Sinuses E) Trabeculae
Inner cortex ... Cortex
These anti-microbial substances will diffuse to uninfected cells and reduce viral replication (in uninfected cells) A) Transferrins B) Perforins C) Complement proteins D) Defensins E) Interferons
Interferons
Which cytokine released by macrophages acts on the hypothalamus to raise the body temperature during fever?
Interleukin-1
What is the major difference between lymph and interstitial fluid? A) Composition of electrolytes B) White blood cells are present in lymph C) Location D) Types of proteins present E) Red blood cells are present in interstitial fluid
Location
Describe the basic sequence of lymph flow from the time that it is initially formed until it returns to the blood.
Lymphatic capillaries - larger lymphatic vessels - afferent lymphatic vessels - lymph nodes - efferent lymphatic vessels - lymphatic ducts (either thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct) - subclavian vein near the junction with the internal jugular vein.
The skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps are used in: A) Lymphatic system B) Cardiovascular system C) Immune system D) Lymphatic and Immune systems only E) Lymphatic, Immune and Cardiovascular systems
Lymphatic, Immune and Cardiovascular systems
What is the most variable cell in the immune system? * A) Natural killer cell B) Monocyte C) RBC D) Lymphocyte E) Macrophage
Lymphocyte
T Cells secrete this toxin used to fragment DNA. * A) Perforin B) Tumor antigen C) Interferons D) Lymphotoxin E) Toxin T
Lymphotoxin
Genetic recombination generates diversity in what part(s) of the immune system?
MHC antigen and antigen receptors
Which of these does NOT provide a physical or chemical barrier? * A) Macrophages B) Saliva C) Urine D) Mucus E) Stratified squamous epithelium
Macrophages
Which of these provides a non-specific cellular disease resistance mechanism? * A) Macrophages B) T lymphocytes C) B lymphocytes D) Memory B cells E) Stratified squamous epithelium
Macrophages
Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic and immune system? * A) Draining excess interstitial fluid B) Maintaining water homeostasis in the body C) Transporting dietary lipids D) Carrying out immune responses E) All of the above are functions of the lymphatic and immune system.
Maintaining water homeostasis in the body
Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation? A) Redness B) Pain C) Heat D) Mucus production E) Swelling
Mucus production
These are mainly used to kill infected body cells and tumor cells. * A) Natural killer cells B) Perforins C) platelets D) Mucus E) Antimicrobial proteins
Natural killer cells
Of the following which is part of the body's second line of defense? A) Mucous cells B) Germ cells C) Lymphocytes D) Natural killer cells E) None of the above
Natural killer cells (NK)
Which type of immunity defends against any type of invader? * A) Nonspecific B) Specific C) Cell mediated D) Antibody mediated immunity E) None of the above
Nonspecific
This action makes microbes more susceptible to phagocytosis. A) Opsonization B) Cytolysis C) Inflammation D) Complement E) Hybridoma
Opsonization
Which of the following is not considered an organ of the immune system? A) Spleen B) Lymph node C) Red bone marrow D) Thymus E) Pancreas
Pancreas
Which of the following is a function of the spleen? * A) Removes worn out blood cells B) Circulates lymph C) Cleanses interstitial fluid D) Cleanses lymph E) Traps microbes with mucus
Removes worn out blood cells
Lack of resistance is also known as: * A) Pathogenic B) Innate C) Specific D) Susceptibility E) Lymphatic
Susceptibility
This can only become activated when bound to a foreign antigen AND simultaneous costimulation? A) B Cell B) T Cell C) Interferon D) MHC E) Antigen presenting cell
T Cell
Which cell is considered to be the most important cell in the immune system?
T Helper cells
The left subclavian vein receives lymph from * A) Left axillary vein B) Lumbar trunk C) Jugular trunk D) Thoracic duct E) Right lymphatic duct
Thoracic duct
The lymph from the right foot empties into the * A) Left axillary vein B) Lumbar trunk C) Jugular trunk D) Thoracic duct E) Right lymphatic duct
Thoracic duct
Which of the below produces the hormone that promotes maturation of T cells? * A) Spleen B) Lymph node C) Red bone marrow D) Thymus E) Pancreas
Thymus
Which type of allergic reaction is the most common type?
Type 1 anaphylactic reaction
Antigens that induce an allergic reaction are called:
allergens
An acute allergic response can lead to
anaphylactic shock
Which type of adaptive immunity will result from intravenous injection of immunoglobulins?
aritifically acquired passive immunity
Which cells of the immune system are the primary targets of the HIV virus?
helper T cells
The inability of the immune system to protect the body from a pathogen causes:
immunodeficiency disease
Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the immune system?
increased response of T cells to antigens
Which of the following is an effect of stress on the immune system?
inhibition of the immune system
Which cells increase the permeability of blood vessels by releasing histamine?
mast cells
Which of the following organ systems is NOT aided by the MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue)?
muscular system
Which type of adaptive immunity will result from mother-to-baby IgA transfer via breast feeding?
naturally acquired passive immunity
Which does NOT induce vasodilation and permeability (increased fluid flow) to an infection site?
perforin
The ability of an antigen to react specifically with the antibodies or cells it has provoked is called
reactivity
Natural passive immunity is associated with which of the following?
transfer of IgG from mother to fetus
