exam four (chapters 11-13)
early maturing boys
- tend to be more popular - leaders in school - poised/relaxed or aggressive
suicide
2nd leading cause of death among adolescents
acquaintance rape
90% of rapes, less likely to be reported
retirement stage
Individual leaves the workplace & becomes restless
underage drinking
_____ _____ is an example of status offense
physical development
_____ _____ peaks in early adulthood, sensory sharpness
girls
_____ are more likely to commit truancy or running away
accidents
_____ are the leading cause of death for young people
women
_____ believe relationships are more important in identity formation
fluid intelligence
ability to process info rapidly, declines with age
visual-spatial ability
ability to visualize objects & mentally manipulate them males surpass females
amenorrhea
absence of menstruation
moratorium
actively exploring alternatives in an attempt to form an identity (hercules)
imaginary audience
adolescent belief that they are the focus of everyone else's attention & concern
authoritative
adolescents from _____ homes show the most competent behavior
more
adolescents have _____ friends than younger children
adolescent egocentrism
adolescents have difficulty distinguishing issues that concern others from issues that concern themselves
less
adolescents spend _____ time with parents
personal fable
belief that one's thoughts & emotions are unique & special
increased
cardiovascular capacity can be _____ with regular exercise
age of instability
change in jobs, partners & living arrangements
realistic choice stage
choices are narrow after age 17 as student weighs job requirements & rewards against interests, abilities & values
tentative stage
choices based on interests, abilities, limitations & glamour (11 to high school)
curfews
conflicts between adolescents & parents typically center on issues like _____
bulimia nervosa
cyclical binge eating & purging
personal fable
darren, a 15 yr old, is a chain smoker & feels invulnerable to harmful effects of nicotine
pragmatic thought
decision making characterized by willingness to accept reality & compromise
intrinsic motivation
desire to perform a behavior for its own sake (usually self-benefits)
conventional level
desire to please others
asynchronous growth
different parts of the body grow at different rates
dualistic thinking
dividing cognitive world into opposites
anorexia nervosa
eating disorder where an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves
age of feeling in between
emerging adults are in transit
age of possibilities
emerging adults feel like they have the opportunity to make dramatic changes in their lives
ego identity
erik erickson's 5th stage of psychosocial development, the primary task for adolescents is to develop _____
ethnic identity search
exploring ethnic culture
self fulfillment
express needs & interests through work
socialization
extend social contracts
biological sex
female/male
gender expression
feminine/masculine
post conventional level
follow ethics, weighs human needs
date rape
form of acquaintance rape, likely to happen when drunk
false
friendship reduces psychological adjustment in adolescents (T/F)
clique
group of 5-10 individuals who hang around together
larynx
growth of the following structure is responsible for the deepening of voice among adolescent boys
sexual orientation
hetero- or homosexual
secular trend
historical trend toward increasing adult height & earlier puberty
intimate self-disclosure
in comparison to friendships of childhood, friendships in adolescence are more likely to stress the importance of _____
stimulants
increase heartbeat & other bodily functions, nicotine, cocaine & amphetamines
identity achievement
indicates those who explored alternatives & developed commitments (moana)
fantasy stage
involves child's unrealistic conception of self-potential & world of work; dominates until age 11
crowd
large, loosely organized group identified by activities
more
late-maturing boys are (more/less) dependent & insecure than early-maturing boys
false
legs reach their peak growth after the shoulders and chest (T/F)
foreclosure
made commitments without considering alternatives
hallucinogens
marijuana, ecstasy
cognitive affective complexity
mature form of thinking permitting people to harbor positive & negative feelings about career choices & other matters
true
menarche comes later to girls who have a lower percentage of body fat, such as those with eating disorders or athletes (T/F)
work ethic
morally obliged to avoid idleness
HIV (AIDS)
most devastating STI
extrinsic motivation
motivation to take actions that lead to reward (usually financial)
identity diffusion
no commitments & not exploring alternatives (simba)
unexamined ethnic identity
no exploration of ethnic culture
preconventional level
obey rules to avoid punishment
self identity
occupational & self identity intertwined
crystallized intelligence
one's intellectual attainments, does NOT decline with age
menarche
onset of menstruation
dysmenorrhea
painful menstruation, initiated by prostaglandins
age of identity exploration
people ages 18-25 explore romantic & career choices
age of self focus
people exceptionally self focused as they are free to make decisions
false
personal fable is connected with behaviors such as being reserved & avoiding risks (T/F)
adolescents learn to appreciate value of money & education
potential benefit of adolescent employment
adaptive thermogenesis
process where body converts food energy to heat at a lower rate when a person eats less
estrogen
promotes growth of fatty & supporting tissue in hips & buttocks
verbal ability
reading, spelling, grammar & oral comprehension females surpass males
self worth
recognition & respect increase self esteem
relativistic thinking
recognizes judgments made are not absolute, but have religious or cultural context
achieved ethnic identity
self-acceptance as a member of one's ethnic group
maintenance stage
settles into career role (mid 30's)
premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
severe PMS that causes dysfunction
depressants
slow nervous system activity, alcohol, heroin, morphine or opioids
feedback loop
system where glands regulate each other's functioning through hormonal messages
epistemic cognition
thought processes directed at considering how one arrives at beliefs, facts & ideas
androgen
type of sex hormone
dropouts
unemployed/low incomes, develop criminal behaviors & substance abuse
gender identity
woman/man
public roles
work roles help define function in community