exam four (chapters 11-13)

early maturing boys

- tend to be more popular - leaders in school - poised/relaxed or aggressive

suicide

2nd leading cause of death among adolescents

acquaintance rape

90% of rapes, less likely to be reported

retirement stage

Individual leaves the workplace & becomes restless

underage drinking

_____ _____ is an example of status offense

physical development

_____ _____ peaks in early adulthood, sensory sharpness

girls

_____ are more likely to commit truancy or running away

accidents

_____ are the leading cause of death for young people

women

_____ believe relationships are more important in identity formation

fluid intelligence

ability to process info rapidly, declines with age

visual-spatial ability

ability to visualize objects & mentally manipulate them males surpass females

amenorrhea

absence of menstruation

moratorium

actively exploring alternatives in an attempt to form an identity (hercules)

imaginary audience

adolescent belief that they are the focus of everyone else's attention & concern

authoritative

adolescents from _____ homes show the most competent behavior

more

adolescents have _____ friends than younger children

adolescent egocentrism

adolescents have difficulty distinguishing issues that concern others from issues that concern themselves

less

adolescents spend _____ time with parents

personal fable

belief that one's thoughts & emotions are unique & special

increased

cardiovascular capacity can be _____ with regular exercise

age of instability

change in jobs, partners & living arrangements

realistic choice stage

choices are narrow after age 17 as student weighs job requirements & rewards against interests, abilities & values

tentative stage

choices based on interests, abilities, limitations & glamour (11 to high school)

curfews

conflicts between adolescents & parents typically center on issues like _____

bulimia nervosa

cyclical binge eating & purging

personal fable

darren, a 15 yr old, is a chain smoker & feels invulnerable to harmful effects of nicotine

pragmatic thought

decision making characterized by willingness to accept reality & compromise

intrinsic motivation

desire to perform a behavior for its own sake (usually self-benefits)

conventional level

desire to please others

asynchronous growth

different parts of the body grow at different rates

dualistic thinking

dividing cognitive world into opposites

anorexia nervosa

eating disorder where an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves

age of feeling in between

emerging adults are in transit

age of possibilities

emerging adults feel like they have the opportunity to make dramatic changes in their lives

ego identity

erik erickson's 5th stage of psychosocial development, the primary task for adolescents is to develop _____

ethnic identity search

exploring ethnic culture

self fulfillment

express needs & interests through work

socialization

extend social contracts

biological sex

female/male

gender expression

feminine/masculine

post conventional level

follow ethics, weighs human needs

date rape

form of acquaintance rape, likely to happen when drunk

false

friendship reduces psychological adjustment in adolescents (T/F)

clique

group of 5-10 individuals who hang around together

larynx

growth of the following structure is responsible for the deepening of voice among adolescent boys

sexual orientation

hetero- or homosexual

secular trend

historical trend toward increasing adult height & earlier puberty

intimate self-disclosure

in comparison to friendships of childhood, friendships in adolescence are more likely to stress the importance of _____

stimulants

increase heartbeat & other bodily functions, nicotine, cocaine & amphetamines

identity achievement

indicates those who explored alternatives & developed commitments (moana)

fantasy stage

involves child's unrealistic conception of self-potential & world of work; dominates until age 11

crowd

large, loosely organized group identified by activities

more

late-maturing boys are (more/less) dependent & insecure than early-maturing boys

false

legs reach their peak growth after the shoulders and chest (T/F)

foreclosure

made commitments without considering alternatives

hallucinogens

marijuana, ecstasy

cognitive affective complexity

mature form of thinking permitting people to harbor positive & negative feelings about career choices & other matters

true

menarche comes later to girls who have a lower percentage of body fat, such as those with eating disorders or athletes (T/F)

work ethic

morally obliged to avoid idleness

HIV (AIDS)

most devastating STI

extrinsic motivation

motivation to take actions that lead to reward (usually financial)

identity diffusion

no commitments & not exploring alternatives (simba)

unexamined ethnic identity

no exploration of ethnic culture

preconventional level

obey rules to avoid punishment

self identity

occupational & self identity intertwined

crystallized intelligence

one's intellectual attainments, does NOT decline with age

menarche

onset of menstruation

dysmenorrhea

painful menstruation, initiated by prostaglandins

age of identity exploration

people ages 18-25 explore romantic & career choices

age of self focus

people exceptionally self focused as they are free to make decisions

false

personal fable is connected with behaviors such as being reserved & avoiding risks (T/F)

adolescents learn to appreciate value of money & education

potential benefit of adolescent employment

adaptive thermogenesis

process where body converts food energy to heat at a lower rate when a person eats less

estrogen

promotes growth of fatty & supporting tissue in hips & buttocks

verbal ability

reading, spelling, grammar & oral comprehension females surpass males

self worth

recognition & respect increase self esteem

relativistic thinking

recognizes judgments made are not absolute, but have religious or cultural context

achieved ethnic identity

self-acceptance as a member of one's ethnic group

maintenance stage

settles into career role (mid 30's)

premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

severe PMS that causes dysfunction

depressants

slow nervous system activity, alcohol, heroin, morphine or opioids

feedback loop

system where glands regulate each other's functioning through hormonal messages

epistemic cognition

thought processes directed at considering how one arrives at beliefs, facts & ideas

androgen

type of sex hormone

dropouts

unemployed/low incomes, develop criminal behaviors & substance abuse

gender identity

woman/man

public roles

work roles help define function in community