Exam4

In which of the following examples does Jacy exhibit altruistic behavior?

Jacy anonymously donates her money to help hungry children even though it means she'll have to skip a few meals

Evolutionary psychology would have the least trouble explaining which of the following incidents?

Jane runs in to save her biological daughter from a fire.

An elderly woman has slipped and fallen on some ice. Based on the results of the Darley & Batson (1973) "Good Samaritan" study, who is most likely to help this poor woman?

Luke, who is killing time before an appointment

Evaluation apprehension is believed to stem from:

Normative social influence

In a study by Oishi and colleagues discussed in the textbook, participants were placed in groups for a long period of time and had an opportunity to get to know each other before competing in a trivia contest to win a prize. During the contest, one of the group members keeps sighing and commenting that he does not know the answers to the questions. What did Oishi and colleagues find?

That participants were more likely to help the group member even if it meant lowering their own chances of winning the prize

You know Lakeshia is a very helpful person. She spends many hours each week volunteering at a local homeless shelter, donates a lot of money to charities, and is always the first person to volunteer when organizing get-togethers. According to the research on the altruistic personality, you _______ that Lakeshia would help carry a neighbor's groceries if the situation arose because _______.

cannot be sure; personality is not necessarily the most reliable predictor of prosocial behavioR

Gillian is sitting in a crowded coffee shop when she hears the squeal of brakes and the crash of metal-on-metal. She looks around and notices that all the other customers are looking at each other and expressing anxiety and uncertainty about over what just happened. Because these concerned responses ________, Gillian will be ________.

decrease evaluation apprehension; more likely to go outside to help

Engaging in prosocial behavior out of self-interest is definitional to what theoretical/philosophical concept?

egoism

Researchers (Isen & Levin, 1972) found that mall shoppers who found dimes were more likely to help a stranger pick up papers he had dropped. These results suggest that:

finding a dime put people in a good mood and increased their helping

Suppose Dan needs to get to a meeting. As he walks toward his car, he sees a woman who works for a company he hates drop a large stack of papers onto a busy sidewalk. What will Dan do?

A. Dan will help her pick up the papers because he knows that she and other people around them will think he's a nice person. B. Dan will not help her pick up the papers because he knows it will take a long time. C. Dan will help her pick up the papers because he wants to feel good about himself. (D. Dan might do any of the above things.

While waiting for a bus, witnesses hear a man growing increasingly frantic as he cries, "My nitro tablets. Where are my nitro pills? I can't find my nitro tablets, and I'm having a heart attack!" He collapses to the ground, clutching his chest. Everyone knows that it is a medical emergency. In this situation, who is most likely to help?

A. Gene, who is afraid of being sued if he does something wrong B. Arthur, who notices that blood is streaming down the man's chin and onto his shirt ***C. James, who has recently completed a CPR course D. Anita, who hears a voice from the back of the crowd, "Let me through! I'm a doctor!" and follows the lead of this model

Don is playing in a tug-of-war tournament that has both group and individual rounds. In which round will his personal performance be best, assuming all other things are equal?

A. In a round where he is on a team with one other person who is a close friend of his B. In a group of eight people who are randomly assigned to his team C. In a team of five people who are his friends and he has practiced with ***D. In a round where he is alone

Which of the following factors was determined to be the most accurate explanation for social facilitation?

A. Mere presence B. Distraction C. Evaluation apprehension (D. All of these factors are likely to contribute to some extent to social facilitation

Which of the following approaches has been empirically demonstrated to boost prosocial behavior?

A. Remembering times in the past when one had acted in an uninhibited way C. Listening to a song with prosocial lyrics, such as Michael Jackson's Heal the World D. Playing a video game in which one cares for a group of others, such as Lemmings

The norm of reciprocity as an explanation for helping behavior is associated with which of the following theories/approaches?

A. empathy-altruism hypothesis B. evolutionary psychology C. social exchange theory ***D. both b) and c)

Sophia knows that her family is watching her play the piano, and so she plays really well. According to the principles of social facilitation, this task must be ______.

An easy task for Sophia

Sad kitten knows people can be very mean on the internet, but some of those mean commenters would never be so explicit or offensive in face-to-face conversations. Why might this be?

Anonymous commenting can lead to deindividuation

_ is when being unidentifiable causes people to loosen up the inhibitions and constraints they normally impose on their own behavior

Deindividuation

__ says that people may not help in an acknowledged emergency situation because they believe that it is not - or should not be - up to them to help.

Diffusion of responsibillity

Which of the following factors does NOT tend to be associated with greater levels of cohesiveness in groups?

Doing well on a task

Which of the following statements regarding religion and altruistic behavior is true?

Early North American communities based on shared religious beliefs lasted longer than those without a shared religion

Justin sees a blind person in need of help crossing an intersection. According to Batson's empathy-altruism hypothesis, under what circumstances would Justin help?

If the blind man is wearing a shirt with the logo of Justin's favorite baseball team

Miss Hirshi noticed that when her students all took a test on AP Chemistry (a complex, difficult subject) in the same room, they performed worse than they did in their previous AP Chemistry test, when each student had his own separate room to work in. Her students demonstrate the concept of:

Social facilitation

Social loafing is most likely to occur when:

Someone is part of a group and individual effort can't be identified

PalCo is a company in search of a new chief operating officer (COO). The COO position is designed to be a very powerful one at PalCo, and the day-to-day operations there are very straightforward and clearly organized. Given these facts, what type of leader would do best at PalCo

Task-oriented leader

Rachel has created a grand vision for what she wants her company to be and represent. She shares this vision with her employees, encouraging them to focus on the bigger picture. Rachel is a ________ leader.

Transformational

Norm and Vera are feuding over where to go out to dinner. Norm wants to go to Denny's for the affordable Grand Slam, but Vera wants to go to Sizzler for the all-you-can-eat salad bar. Finally, exchanging a series of proposals and counterproposals, they settle on a new diner in town that has both cheap food and a salad bar. This situation is an example of

an integrative solution

In groupthink, this factor that is typically considered a positive in groups becomes something which makes realistic consideration of the facts of a problem difficult

group cohesiveness / solidarity

Yesenia always wanted to try marijuana and finds herself in a group of friends that are equally as curious. After a year with this group of friends, we might expect Yesenia to become even more interested in smoking marijuana. This is best explained by:

group polarization

A company wants to bottle water from a natural spring that also is used by local ranchers to water their cattle. Trying to bottle in the volume they desire, however, runs the risk of depleting the spring! This type of social problem is known as a(n) ____

harvesting dilemma

Jemma sees someone has fallen off their bike in a highly trafficked part of campus, but it's hard to tell if they have seriously injured themselves. No one else in the area appears to be worried, so Jemma decides that it must not be serious. This is an example o

pluralistic ignorance

Mariana is the first female project leader at her U.S.-based software company. Her agentic leadership style will likely:

result in her being criticized for acting inappropriately

The Stanford Prison Experiment (Haney, Banks, & Zimbardo, 1973) purported to display the powerful influence of __ on behavior

social roles

Many Asian cultures promote an interdependent view of the self, while Western cultures tend to stress an individualistic view of self. Given this, a reasonable hypothesis would be that the social loafing effect is

stronger in Western cultures

A couple of people have set-up an afterschool program in their county that is very popular. These people don't charge families to send their kids to the program; instead, they ask people to donate what they can. After a few months, however, the program is shut down because not enough donation money came in to support the program. This is an example of the

the contribution dilemma

In negotiation settings, such as the Prisoner's Dilemma, the __ strategy begins with cooperation, but then continues by matching exactly the opponent's most recent move.

tit-for-tat strategy