exams

the Columbia river in Oregon and Washington cuts a canyon exposing numerous mafic lava flows. The name of the landform built by many fissure eruptions is calleds

A basalt plateau

the process that describes the cooling phases under which minerals crystallize from magma is called

Bowen's reaction series

Mesozoic

Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic

Zero latitude corresponds with the

Equator

one of the main physical divisions of our planet which involves water is the

Hydrosphere

April 2010 a volcano began erupting and spewed tons of fine ash into the atmosphere. This fine ash travelled southeasterly in the upper atmosphere and caused most air travel in England and Europe to be halted until the ash cleared. From which volcanically active country did this volcano erupt?

Iceland

the planets of our solar system can be divided into the terrestrial planets and the

Jovian planets

geologic time is measured in millions and even billions of years.The time scale is subdivided into eons, eras, periods and epochs. Which of the following is a geologic period, especially known for a time when dinosaurs were very diverse?

Jurassic

the angular difference between the magnetic pole and true north is

Magnetic declination

A typical shield volcano is

Mauna Loa (Hawaii)

rocks that have changed from pressure, heat and/or chemically active fluids fall into a group called

Metamorphic rocks

Cenozoic

Neogene paleogene

Paleozoic

Permian, Pennsylvanian, Mississippian, Devonian, Silurian, Ordovician, Cambrian

which planet in our solar system is now considered a dwarf planet?

Pluto

which of the following is not considered a terrestrial planet?

Saturn

which rock group in the rock cycle is primarily a result of Earth's external processes?

Sedimentary

which of the following is NOT considered a composite volcano

Sunset Crater ( Arizona)

The san andreas fault along which sliding occurs in southern california is an example of which type of tectonic boundary

Transform

southeast of Yuma on the Goldwater Bombing range is a series of mountains mostly composed of granite,. These exposures were shown in class on google Earth. These extensive (>100 km2) granite exposures are know as

a batholith

A volcano which forms as a result of wholesale collapse of the cone creating a large, circular depression is called

a caldera

some lava flows will crust over during their flow history and the still molten interior will flow away leaving a hollow path of the former flow. This is called

a lava tube

a lava flow characterized by an irregular surface and a jumbled mass of angular blocks is referred to as

aa

which of the following is considered a natural event?

all are natural events

submarine hydrothermal vents

are associated with divergent plate boundaries

the link between climate and volcanoes is thought to be caused by

ash and gases injected into the atmosphere

the layer of upper mantle that is soft and flows easily is called the

asthenosphere

Felsic is to rhyolite as mafic is to

basalt

if the continental crust is mostly composed of granite then the oceanic crust is mostly composed of a dark igneous rock called

basalt

lava flows of very low viscosity forming shield volcanoes are usually composed by

basalt

yellowstone is known as what type of volcano?

caldera

Mt. Shasta, Mt. St. Helens, and Mt Rainier, among others,are part of which volcanic arc?

cascade

another term for lapilli is

cinder

the " ring of fire" is also known aa the

circum - pacific belt

slow cooling of magma will generally cause a

coarse- grained texture

during the cooling and contraction of lava flows or ash flows. a series of parallel liniments or cracks passing through the flow may form that are often six-sided. This structure is known as

columnar joints

convergent boundaries where partial of the subducting crust occurs produce what dominate kind of volcano?

composite volcano

a laccolith is what kind of pluton?

concordant and mushroom-shaped

the himalayas are a good example of what type of tectonic plate boundary

continental-continental

the line on a topographic map connecting points of equal elevation is called a

contour line

Tectonic Boundaries where one plate may override another plate that descends into the mantle are called

convergent boundaries

tectonic boundaries where one plate may override another plate that descends into the mantle are called

convergent boundaries

pre-existing rock that is intruded by igneous rock is called

country rock

the frozen portion of our Earth's systems is called the

cryosphere

the temperature at which cooling iron bearing materials can become magnetized is known as the

curie point

seafloor spreading occurs at which tectonic boundary

divergent

seafloor spreading occurs at which tectonic boundary?

divergent

seismology is the study of

earthquakes

which magma type has the highest viscosity?

felsic

which lists igneous rock composition in order of the LEAST iron/magnesium-rich to the GREATEST iron/magnesium-rich?

felsic, intermediate, mafic, ultramafic

aphanitic texture is the same as

fine-grained texture

rapid cooling of lava will generally cause a

fine-grained texture

granite is felsic and ------- is mafic

gabbro

Obsidian, a smooth, shiny volcanic rock, exhibits a

glassy texture

the oceanic crust is mostly composed of basalt and the continental crust is mostly composed of a light colored igneous rock called

granite

plate tectonic movements ultimately depend on

heat energy from within the earth

plate tectonic movements ultimately depends on

heat energy from within the earth

convergent boundaries, where partial melting of the subducting crust occurs, produce a dominate kind of magma that forms andsite and diorite. Which type of magma is this?

intermediate

which of the following statements about a scientific theory is not true?

it is a conjecture or guess

an igneous intrusion that pushes the surrounding layers into a blister-like form is

laccolith

water-saturated flows of volcanic debris are called

lahar

the northern part of pangaea consisting of north america greenland europe and asia is called

laurasia

an intrusion exposed at a mountain contains mostly olivine and pyroxene ( ferromagnesian minerals), and calcium-rich plagioclase. This mineral composition would indicate which magma type?

mafic

Igneous rocks form from cooled molten rock. The molten rock inside the Earth's surface is called

magma

The asthenosphere would be found in the

mantle

the asthenosphere would be found in the

mantle

the volcanic islands form8ng the Hawaiian Chain develooed as the pac8fic plate over a stationary

mantle plume

the difference between the highest and lowest elevation points on a map sheet is called

map relief

sandstone is changed to quartzite by heat. Quartzite would be classified in which rock type?

metamorphic

Yellowstone volcanism is caused by

movement of the North American plate over a stationary mantle plume

which of the following is NOT used to determine the Volcanic Explosivity Index?

number of houses buried by volcanic ash

hot, glowing ash clouds produced from some types of eruptuons are called

nuèe ardente

the andes mountains in south america are a good example of what type of plate boundary

oceanic continental

the narrow, deep feature on the seafloor where oceanic lithosphere is subducted is called

oceanic trench

the features on the seafloor where oceanic lithosphere is subducted are called

oceanic trenches

one of the first minerals to crystallize from a cooling mafic magma according to Bowen's Reaction Seris and exhibits a green color is [ hint: you have a sample in your mineral kit]

olivine

slices of oceanic crust and upper mantle found at past convergent boundaries are called

ophiolites

a characteristic ropy, smooth surface formed on many basaltic lava flows is termed

pahoehoe

Which line of evidence was not used by Alfred Wegener to support his hypothesis of continental drift

paleomagnetism of seafloor rocks

one sub-discipline of geology that studies fossils or the organic history of our planet is called

paleontology

Wegener proposed that all the continents were at one time joined and he called this large landmass

pangaea

Extrusion of lava underwater produces a flow structure known as

pillow

extrusive is to volcanic as intrusive is to

plutonic

larger grains mixed with smaller grains in igneous rock exhibits a

porphyritic texture

the principle, which explains that geologic processes operating today have operated in a similar fashion in Earth's past is the

principle of uniformity

a very light weight, bubbly igneous rock that often floats on water is called

pumice

ASh, cinders, blocks and bombs are collectively known as

pyroclastics

Harry Hess is best known for his hypothesis of

seafloor spreading

which of the following is considered a concordant intrusive?

sill

shown in class using Google Earth was a pluton, composed of granite, in the northern portion of the Gila Mountains. This pluton was <100km2 in exposure. What type of pluton does the granite exhibit?

stock

Another term used for a convergent boundary is

subduction zone

which gas is measured by volcanologists as an indicator for the eruption potential of an active volcano ?

sulfur dioxide (so2)

what are the two main controls on the viscosity of magma?

temperature and percent silica

the two factors most responsible for controlling the viscosity of magma are

temperature and silica content

Magnetic surveys of the ocean basins indicate that

the oceanic crust in youngest adjacent to mid oceanic ridges

which of the following statements about batholiths is correct?

they are composed mostly of granitic rocks.

the thickness of the continental crust is ___ oceanic crust

thicker

the thickness of the oceanic crust is ___ continental crust

thinner

the thickness of the ocean crust is ________ continental crust

thinner than

an igneous texture that exhibits holes throughout the rock would be called

vesicular

devil's tower in Wyoming is a former volcano. This erosional remnant is called a

volcanic neck

the shaking that occurs when magma moves beneath the surface is called

volcanic tremor

the dominant volatile (gas) emitted from volcanoes is

water vapor

foreign fragments of surrounding rock that are picked up and contained within intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks are called

xenoliths