Exercise 4
interphase
Centrioles replicate.
prophase
Chromatin coils and condenses, forming chromosomes.
prophase
Chromosomal centromeres are attached to the kinetochore fibers.
prophase
Chromosomes first appear to be duplex structures.
metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.
telophase
Chromosomes stop moving toward the poles.
metaphase
Cleavage furrow forms.
interphase
DNA synthesis occurs.
Although cells have differences that reflect their specific functions in the body, what functions do they have in common?
Growing, reproducing, and responding to a stimulus are common functioning characteristics amongst all cells. In addition, all cells can maintain their boundaries, metabolize, digest nutrients, and dispose wastes
prophase
The nuclear envelope fragments.
metaphase & anaphase
The nuclear envelope is absent.
telophase
The nuclear envelope reforms.
What is the significance of the red blood cell being anucleate (without a nucleus)?
The red blood cell(rbc) does not have a nucleus. The lack of a nucleus enables the rbc to have more room to contain hemoglobin which increases its efficiency to carrying oxygen.
Ribosomes
attached to membrane systems or scattered in the cytoplasm synthesize proteins
Lysosome
contains digestive enzymes of many varieties "suicide sac' of the cell
Microfilaments
contractile elements of the cytoskeleton
Nucleus
control center of the cell necessary for cell division and cell life
Nucleolus
dense, darkly staining nuclear body packaging site for ribosomes
Plasma membrane
external boundary of cell regulates flow of materials into and out of the cell, site of cell signaling
Rough ER or endroplasmic reticulum
membranous system involved in intracellular transport of proteins and synthesis of membrane lipids
Golgi apparatus
membranous system consisting of flattened sacs and vesicles packages protein for export
mitochondria
scattered throughout the cell major site of ATP synthesis
peroxisome
site of free radical detoxification
Microvilli
slender extensions of the plasma membrane that increase its surface area
Organelle
"small organs" are the metabolic machinery of the cell, and that are highly organized to carry out specific functions for the cell as a whole.
prophase
The mitotic spindle forms.
anaphase
The chromosomes are vshaped.
What is the importance of mitotic cell division?
The importance of mitotic cell division is to make a greater amount of cells for repair and growth while maintaining the same genetic makeup
Inclusions
stored glycogen granules, crystals, pigments, and so on
Cell
the structural and functional unit of all living things, is a complete entity.
Chromatin or Chromatin threads
threadlike structure in the nucleus contain genetic material (DNA)
Centrioles
two rod-shaped bodies near the nucleus direct formation of the mitotic spindle
