Exotics Homework Unit 6-10

A reptile that has a thin and distensible esophagus and stomach would likely be: a. debilitated. b. omnivorous. c. herbivorous. d. carnivorous.

carnivorous

Reptiles shed the outmost layer of skin on a regular basis. This process is referred to as: a. ecdysis. b. diapsid. c. blepharedema. d. desiccation.

ecdysis

Chameleons should have access to water by: a. water sprayed directly on rocks in the cage. b. placing a water bowl on the floor of the cage. c. using a water bottle. d. placing a water bowl in the tree limbs

placing a water bowl in the tree limbs

Birds have a lighter skeletal system than mammals due to: a. pneumatized bones. b. medullary bones. c. air sacs. d. a large sternum.

pneumatized bones

Cockatoos and African grey parrots have which unique feather feature? a. Down b. Powder down c. Coverts d. Remiges

powder down

Sugar gliders are: a. spontaneous ovulators. b. induced ovulators. c. seasonally polyestrous. d. polyestrous.

seasonally polyestrous

Which sense in birds is the most highly developed? a. Touch b. Smell c. Taste d. Sight

sight

Which defense mechanism of reptiles involves distracting the pursuer with a contracting or wiggling object while the lizard makes its escape? a. Tail autonomy b. Playing dead c. Coiling d. Skin sloughing

tail autonomy

A gecko is having difficulty shedding its skin. Which of these husbandry concerns could be the reason for the difficulty? a. Improper feeding b. Dehydration c. Temperature and humidity levels d. Access to rough substrates

temperature and humidity levels

the best site for blood collection in a large bird would be: a. the ulnar vein. b. a nail trim. c. the jugular. d. the metatarsal vein.

the metatarsal vein

Snakes are commonly used in research because: a. their skin is similar to humans and are therefore used for transdermal research. b. snake husbandry is easy to maintain. c. their metabolism is very similar to humans. d. they don't require a lot of food.

their skin is similar to humans and are there used for transdermal research.

The major excretion product in birds is: a. urine. b. feces. c. urates. d. bile.

urates

The principle end product of protein metabolism in reptiles is: a. feces. b. urine. c. urates. d. uric acid.

uric acid

Chinchillas fed a high calcium diet are prone to: a. cecotrophy. b. urinary calculi. c. neoplasia. d. cardiac diseases.

urinary calculi

Which disorder is a common cause of hindlimb paresis and paralysis in pet sugar gliders that are locking in vitamin D? a. Obesity b. Alopecia c. Scurvy d. Metabolic bone disease

Metabolic bone disease

Which method of identification is the most permanent, positive form of identification available for birds? a. Leg bands b. Trimmed wing feathers c. Microchips d. Colored dyes

Microchips

When collecting blood from a reptile for biochemistry testing, which is the best type of tube and anticoagulant to use? a. Microtainer® with EDTA b. Microtainer® with lithium heparin c. Vacutainer with EDTA d. Vacutainer with lithium heparin

Microtainer® with lithium heparin

Which of the following is extremely rare in chinchillas? a. Cataracts b. Barbering c. Urinary calculi d. Neoplasia

Neoplasia

An avian heterophil is functionally equivalent to which mammalian white blood cell? a. Basophils b. Neutrophil c. Eosinophil d. Lymphocytes

Neutrophil

Hedgehogs kept in captivity are prone to: a. dermatophytes. b. Salmonella. c. seborrhea. d. obesity.

Obesity

When performing a physical examination on a reptile, the first step should be: a. examining the eyes. b. palpating the coelomic cavity. c. observing the animal. d. examining the oral cavity.

Observing the animal

Sugar gliders are: a. omnivores. b. herbivores. c. carnivores. d. insectivores.

Omnivores

If a bird is alert and active, the best method for administering medications is: a. orally. b. mixed in the water. c. gastric gavage. d. mixed with the feed.

Orally

Fluids administered to which region of the sugar glider will absorb slowly and may cause discomfort and distress to the animal? a. Intravenous (IV) b. Dorsal thorax c. Intraosseous d. Patagium

Patagium

If you have been asked to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection to a bird, what muscle group would you use? a. Triceps b. Pectoral c. Biceps d. Quadriceps

Pectoral

Which muscle group is used to determine the body condition of the bird? a. Biceps b. Triceps c. Pectoral d. Quadriceps

Pectoral

A chinchilla is in need of an antibiotic to treat a bacterial infectious disease. What antibiotic should be avoided in this species? a. Sulfonamides b. Metronidazole c. Chloramphenicol d. Penicillin

Penicillin

Which is a common problem in sugar gliders fed a soft diet? a. Hypoglycemia b. Hypocalcemia c. Diarrhea d. Periodontal disease

Periodontal disease

The scientific name for sugar gliders is: a. Petaurus breviceps b. Marmota monax c. Atelerix albiventris d. Dasypus navemcinctus

Petaurus breviceps

The ventral part of a chelonian shell is called the: a. carapace. b. scutes. c. plastron. d. coelom.

Plastron

Which avian disease requires an injury or a bite of a vector to enter the body? a. Avian chlamydiosis b. Polyomavirus c. Pacheco's disease d. Poxvirus

Poxvirus

Which common anesthesia monitoring equipment is not reliable in reptiles and is rarely used? a. ECG b. Pulse oximeter c. End tidal CO2 d. Doppler®

Pulse oximeter

Which condition can occur when sugar gliders consume toxins produced by certain fungi in food sources? a. Aflatoxicosis b. Metabolic bone disease c. Periodontal disease d. Lumpy jaw

aflatoxicosis

Observing the droppings in the cage is a vital part of the physical examination. If the bird is eating too many seeds the droppings will: a. contain blood. b. be more than normal with high urine content. c. be drier than normal. d. be fewer in number.

be drier than normal

Which behavior issue is not an instinctual behavior but rather one developed by captive birds as a means of protecting themselves? a. Chewing b. Vocalization c. Dominance d. Biting

biting

Which type of caging material should be avoided as it contains substances that are toxic to birds? a. Polypropylene b. Stainless steel c. Polycarbonate d. Galvanized metal

Galvanized metal

A gecko is presented with swollen joints and is extremely painful and lethargic. Which of the following may be the problem? a. Hypovitaminosis A b. Gout c. Parasite overload d. Metabolic bone disease

Gout

An iguana is presented and the owner indicated that it is fed a diet of cat food and a few vegetables. Which of the following disorders could develop in this animal? a. Hypovitaminosis A b. Gout c. Parasite overload d. Metabolic bone disease

Gout

The veterinarian has asked you to determine that a bird's feces has gram-negative bacteria. What type of test would you perform? a. Gram stain b. Occult blood test c. Direct smear d. Fecal flotation

Gram Stain

Chinchillas kept in a very war, and humid environment can be prone to: a. aggression. b. respiratory disease. c. heat stroke. d. inappetence.

Heat stroke

Which disorder can be caused by feeding a tortoise a diet high in iceberg lettuce and cucumbers? a. Metabolic bone disease b. Gout c. Parasite overload d. Hypovitaminosis A

Hypovitaminosis A

It is important to consider where a bird cage should be located in a house. Which is an ideal location? a. Near a window for direct sunlight b. Near a window for ventilation c. In the family room d. In the kitchen

In the family room

What should not be performed because birds have cartilaginous rings in the trachea? a. Air sac cannulation b. Masked induction c. Intubation d. Intubation with a cuffed endotracheal tube

Intubations with cuffed endotracheal tube

The forked tongue of snakes and lizards assists in delivering scent particles to the vomeronasal organ called the: a. tomia. b. Jacobson's organ. c. chromatophores. d. hemipenes.

Jacobsons organ

The most reliable vessel to collect a large amount of blood in a sugar glider is the: a. jugular. b. cephalic. c. femoral. d. saphenous.

Jugular

Which condition is characterized by the presence of a slowly enlarging lump and is caused by Actinomyces Israeli? a. Scurvy b. Alopecia c. Infection d. Lumpy jaw

Lumpy Jaw

A chinchilla is presented with excessive salivation and alopecia on the chin and skin. What is the most likely problem? a. Malocclusion b. Constipation c. Choke d. Barbering

Malocclusion

Upon examination a bearded dragon is found to have a pliable mandible. Which disease is most likely the reason for this finding? a. Hypovitaminosis A b. Metabolic bone disease c. Gout d. Parasite overload

Metabolic bone disease

When collecting blood from a lizard, which is the most common vessel used for collection? a. Ventral coccygeal vein b. Jugular c. Clipped toenail d. Cephalic

Ventral coccygeal vein

Hedgehogs kept as pets in the United States rarely are infected with: a. mycotic diseases. b. parasites. c. viral diseases. d. dental disease.

Viral diseases

Reptiles require ultraviolet light to produce: a. vitamin C. b. vitamin D. c. vitamin E. d. vitamin B.

Vitamine D

Which of the following is only an appropriate substrate for a reptile cage if appropriate ventilation is available to prevent the absorption of moisture? a. Shredded coconut shells b. Newspaper c. Artificial turf d. Wood chips

Wood Chips

A protocol is being designed to develop new treatments for hemophilia. Which species would be appropriate for these studies? a. White perch b. Rainbow trout c. Indian catfish d. Zebrafish

Zebrafish

Which feature of red blood cells (RBC's) in birds makes them unique? a. Round and nucleated b. Oval and nucleated c. Round-shaped and concave d. Oval and concave

oval and nucleated

Sugar gliders have a gliding membrane that stretches between the front and hind legs called a: a. eutherian. b. wing. c. cloaca. d. patagium.

patagium

Due to the high metabolic rate of birds it is recommended that they only be fasted prior to anesthesia for: a. 4-5 hours. b. 30 minutes. c. 2-3 hours. d. 8 hours.

2-3 hours

The pectoral muscle comprises approximately what percentage of the body weight of birds? a. 10% b. 5% c. 20% d. 35%

20%

If a large snake needs to be restrained, a general guide of one person every _____ feet is recommended. a. 2 b. 5 c. 3 d. 4

3

The blood volume of most reptiles ranges between what percent of their total body weight? a. 8-9% b. 5-8% c. 10-12% d. 4-5%

5-8%

Diets for captive sugar gliders should have what percentage of sources of fruit sugars to maintain the health of the animal? a. 25% b. 70% c. 50% d. 35%

50%

The recommended ratio for pellets versus fresh fruits and vegetables for most species of birds is: a. 40% pellets : 60% fresh fruits and vegetables. b. 50% pellets : 50% fresh fruits and vegetables. c. 60% pellets : 40% fresh fruits and vegetables. d. 70% pellets : 30% fresh fruits and vegetables

70% pellets: 30% fresh fruits and vegetables

Hedgehogs are native to which continent? a. Europe b. South America c. Australia d. Africa

Africa

Which type of bird is more likely to have problems with self-mutilation? a. Parakeet b. Finches c. African grey d. Canaries

African Grey

Which restraint method is a great way to restrain large parrots with fragile facial skin to prevent them from biting? a. An Elizabethan hold b. A towel wrapped around the wings c. A restraint board d. Gently holding each side of the face below the eye

An Elizabethan hold

Which avian disease can cause psittacosis in humans? a. Poxvirus b. Avian chlamydiosis c. Polyomavirus d. Pacheco's disease

Avian Chlamydiosis

Which animal is an excellent model for noise-induced hearing loss and middle ear infections? a. Chinchilla b. Sheep c. Armadillo d. Woodchuck

Chinchilla

Which species has more hair per square inch of skin than any other animal? a. Armadillo b. Woodchuck c. Chinchilla d. Sugar glider

Chinchilla

Which species was used by NASA in sleep research studies and has been applied to assisting astronauts on their missions? a. Chinchilla b. Sheep c. Woodchuck d. Armadillo

Chinchilla

Which of these species is a strict carnivore? a. Bearded dragon b. Box turtle c. Corn snake d. Tortoise

Corn Snake

In many species of birds, the esophagus expands in the interclavicular space to create the: a. proventriculus. b. crop. c. cloaca. d. ventriculus.

Crop

A frog presents with hyperemia on the ventral skin, subcutaneous edema, petechia, and ecchymotic hemorrhage. What is the most like cause of these symptoms? a. Cutaneous bacterial infection b. Mycobacteriosis c. Ulcerative dermatitis d. Toxin exposure

Cutaneous material infection

Feeding hedgehogs abrasive items may help prevent the occurrence of which disease? a. Dental disease b. Respiratory infections c. Oral neoplasms d. Salmonella

Dental disease

The clinical signs of which common disease of older hedgehogs can include dyspnea, lethargy, weight loss, ascites, and sudden death? a. Hematopoiesis b. Dilated cardiomyopathy c. Hepatic lipidosis d. Myocardial mineralization

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Perches should never be placed higher or equal to eye level to prevent which behavior issue in birds? a. Biting b. Chewing c. Dominance d. Vocalization

Dominance

The heart rate of reptiles should be obtained using which instrument and location? a. Doppler® and over the pelvic girdle b. Doppler® and over the heart c. Stethoscope and directly over the pelvic girdle d. Pediatric stethoscope and directly over the heart

Doppler and over the heart

The recommended radiographic view for a turtle's skeletal system is: a. lateral. b. craniocaudal. c. dorsoventral. d. rostrocaudal.

Dorsoventral

An underlying medical condition or stress can lead to which behavior problem? a. Biting b. Self-mutilation c. Vocalization d. Dominance

Self mutilation

A hedgehog performs which unique behavior by taking an item into its mouth, mixing it with saliva then applying the mixture to its spines? a. Preening b. Marking c. Self-anointing d. Grooming

Self-Anointing

What can be a common problem in sugar gliders that are housed singly? a. Self-mutilation b. Aggression c. Territory marking d. Overexcitement

Self-mutilation

All amphibians can be maintained or housed in a plastic or glass aquarium. Why is this the recommended type of housing? a. Ease of cleaning b. Resistant to chemicals c. Smooth sides to prevent damage to skin d. Inexpensive

Smooth sides to prevent damage to skin

What are the most commonly used reptiles in research? a. Red-eared sliders b. Snakes c. Box turtles d. Bearded dragons

Snakes

what is known as the voice box in birds? a. Nares b. Choana c. Cloaca d. Syrinx

Syrinx

Why is the use of the pupillary light response not a good diagnostic tool for birds? a. Birds have tubular eyes b.The iris contains striated muscles that allow for voluntary control of the size of the pupils c. Birds have round eyes d. The presence of pectin oculi in the fluid of the eye

The iris contains striated muscles that allow for voluntary control of the size of the pupils

The respiratory system of birds is different from in mammals in which way? a. They have cartilaginous bands on the trachea. b. The lungs do not inflate. c. They breathe through their nares. d. They breathe through the feathers.

The lungs do not inflate

A technician has given a bearded dragon an injection of a nephrotoxic medication caudal to the kidneys. What can be the result of injection? a. The animal will expire immediately. b.The medication will be excreted before it is distributed throughout the body. c. The medication could result in kidney damage. d. The medication will work without complications.

The medication could result in kidney damage

Male chinchillas may remain in the cage after parturition if: a. they are a monogamous pair. b. they are housed in a group. c. they have been neutered. d. they should never be left in the cage.

They are monogamous

A lizard has a thermal burn from a faulty heat lamp. The skin of the wound is completely destroyed but the underlying muscles are not involved. What degree of burn is this? a. First degree b. Third degree c. Fourth degree d. Second degree

Third degree

Which route of medication administration should be avoided in hedgehogs? a. Intramuscular b. Topical c. Oral d. Subcutaneous

Topical

What device is recommended when capturing a bird to help prevent the fear of hands? a. A net b. Leather gloves c. Leg hook d. Towels

Towels

Unlike puppies, birds may not outgrow which destructive behavior? a. Biting b. Chewing c. Vocalization d. Dominance

chewing

What V-shaped slit on the roof of the mouth in birds directs air from the mouth and nasal cavities to the glottis? a. Cloaca b. Nares c. Choana d. Proventriculus

choana

The best location to auscultate the lungs on a bird is: a. right lateral midway between keel and spine. b. left lateral midway between keel and spine. c. dorsal midline between the shoulder blades. d. ventral midline along the keel.

dorsal midline between the shoulder blades

The best method of feeding an African grey is: .feed 70% good quality pellets and 30% fresh fruits and vegetables. b. ensure that grit is available. c. feed a diet high in seeds. d. offer food from the dinner table to encourage variety.

feed 70% good quality pellets and 30% fresh fruits and vegetables

If a reptile is viviparous, that means it: a. only eats vegetation. b. lays eggs. c. gives birth to live offspring. d. only eats live prey.

gives birth to live offspring

Chronic masturbation can be a result of which behavior problem in birds? a. Self-mutilation b. Dominance c. Inappropriate bonding d. Chewing

inappropriate bonding

A bird is in need of subcutaneous (SQ) fluids. What is the best location to administer the fluids? a. Axillary b. Inguinal c. Ventral d. Dorsal

inguinal

Which is a unique feature of the reptilian heart? a. Each chamber has three subchambers. b. It is located in the caudal third of the body. c. It has three chambers. d. It has two chambers.

it has three chambers

A sugar glider is a(n): a. monotreme. b. eutherian. c. mammal. d. marsupial.

marsupial

The first step in a thorough physical examination in a bird is: a. capture the bird. b. observe the bird from a distance. c. obtain a detailed history. d. gather vital signs.

obtain a detailed history

One method of preventing pododermatitis in birds is to: a. allow the bird to only eat off of the floor of the cage. b. keep the floor of the cage clean. c. provide many toys for enrichment. d.offer perches with varying sizes, textures, and shapes.

offer perches with trying sized, textures and shapes.