Exotics Homework Unit 6-10
A reptile that has a thin and distensible esophagus and stomach would likely be: a. debilitated. b. omnivorous. c. herbivorous. d. carnivorous.
carnivorous
Reptiles shed the outmost layer of skin on a regular basis. This process is referred to as: a. ecdysis. b. diapsid. c. blepharedema. d. desiccation.
ecdysis
Chameleons should have access to water by: a. water sprayed directly on rocks in the cage. b. placing a water bowl on the floor of the cage. c. using a water bottle. d. placing a water bowl in the tree limbs
placing a water bowl in the tree limbs
Birds have a lighter skeletal system than mammals due to: a. pneumatized bones. b. medullary bones. c. air sacs. d. a large sternum.
pneumatized bones
Cockatoos and African grey parrots have which unique feather feature? a. Down b. Powder down c. Coverts d. Remiges
powder down
Sugar gliders are: a. spontaneous ovulators. b. induced ovulators. c. seasonally polyestrous. d. polyestrous.
seasonally polyestrous
Which sense in birds is the most highly developed? a. Touch b. Smell c. Taste d. Sight
sight
Which defense mechanism of reptiles involves distracting the pursuer with a contracting or wiggling object while the lizard makes its escape? a. Tail autonomy b. Playing dead c. Coiling d. Skin sloughing
tail autonomy
A gecko is having difficulty shedding its skin. Which of these husbandry concerns could be the reason for the difficulty? a. Improper feeding b. Dehydration c. Temperature and humidity levels d. Access to rough substrates
temperature and humidity levels
the best site for blood collection in a large bird would be: a. the ulnar vein. b. a nail trim. c. the jugular. d. the metatarsal vein.
the metatarsal vein
Snakes are commonly used in research because: a. their skin is similar to humans and are therefore used for transdermal research. b. snake husbandry is easy to maintain. c. their metabolism is very similar to humans. d. they don't require a lot of food.
their skin is similar to humans and are there used for transdermal research.
The major excretion product in birds is: a. urine. b. feces. c. urates. d. bile.
urates
The principle end product of protein metabolism in reptiles is: a. feces. b. urine. c. urates. d. uric acid.
uric acid
Chinchillas fed a high calcium diet are prone to: a. cecotrophy. b. urinary calculi. c. neoplasia. d. cardiac diseases.
urinary calculi
Which disorder is a common cause of hindlimb paresis and paralysis in pet sugar gliders that are locking in vitamin D? a. Obesity b. Alopecia c. Scurvy d. Metabolic bone disease
Metabolic bone disease
Which method of identification is the most permanent, positive form of identification available for birds? a. Leg bands b. Trimmed wing feathers c. Microchips d. Colored dyes
Microchips
When collecting blood from a reptile for biochemistry testing, which is the best type of tube and anticoagulant to use? a. Microtainer® with EDTA b. Microtainer® with lithium heparin c. Vacutainer with EDTA d. Vacutainer with lithium heparin
Microtainer® with lithium heparin
Which of the following is extremely rare in chinchillas? a. Cataracts b. Barbering c. Urinary calculi d. Neoplasia
Neoplasia
An avian heterophil is functionally equivalent to which mammalian white blood cell? a. Basophils b. Neutrophil c. Eosinophil d. Lymphocytes
Neutrophil
Hedgehogs kept in captivity are prone to: a. dermatophytes. b. Salmonella. c. seborrhea. d. obesity.
Obesity
When performing a physical examination on a reptile, the first step should be: a. examining the eyes. b. palpating the coelomic cavity. c. observing the animal. d. examining the oral cavity.
Observing the animal
Sugar gliders are: a. omnivores. b. herbivores. c. carnivores. d. insectivores.
Omnivores
If a bird is alert and active, the best method for administering medications is: a. orally. b. mixed in the water. c. gastric gavage. d. mixed with the feed.
Orally
Fluids administered to which region of the sugar glider will absorb slowly and may cause discomfort and distress to the animal? a. Intravenous (IV) b. Dorsal thorax c. Intraosseous d. Patagium
Patagium
If you have been asked to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection to a bird, what muscle group would you use? a. Triceps b. Pectoral c. Biceps d. Quadriceps
Pectoral
Which muscle group is used to determine the body condition of the bird? a. Biceps b. Triceps c. Pectoral d. Quadriceps
Pectoral
A chinchilla is in need of an antibiotic to treat a bacterial infectious disease. What antibiotic should be avoided in this species? a. Sulfonamides b. Metronidazole c. Chloramphenicol d. Penicillin
Penicillin
Which is a common problem in sugar gliders fed a soft diet? a. Hypoglycemia b. Hypocalcemia c. Diarrhea d. Periodontal disease
Periodontal disease
The scientific name for sugar gliders is: a. Petaurus breviceps b. Marmota monax c. Atelerix albiventris d. Dasypus navemcinctus
Petaurus breviceps
The ventral part of a chelonian shell is called the: a. carapace. b. scutes. c. plastron. d. coelom.
Plastron
Which avian disease requires an injury or a bite of a vector to enter the body? a. Avian chlamydiosis b. Polyomavirus c. Pacheco's disease d. Poxvirus
Poxvirus
Which common anesthesia monitoring equipment is not reliable in reptiles and is rarely used? a. ECG b. Pulse oximeter c. End tidal CO2 d. Doppler®
Pulse oximeter
Which condition can occur when sugar gliders consume toxins produced by certain fungi in food sources? a. Aflatoxicosis b. Metabolic bone disease c. Periodontal disease d. Lumpy jaw
aflatoxicosis
Observing the droppings in the cage is a vital part of the physical examination. If the bird is eating too many seeds the droppings will: a. contain blood. b. be more than normal with high urine content. c. be drier than normal. d. be fewer in number.
be drier than normal
Which behavior issue is not an instinctual behavior but rather one developed by captive birds as a means of protecting themselves? a. Chewing b. Vocalization c. Dominance d. Biting
biting
Which type of caging material should be avoided as it contains substances that are toxic to birds? a. Polypropylene b. Stainless steel c. Polycarbonate d. Galvanized metal
Galvanized metal
A gecko is presented with swollen joints and is extremely painful and lethargic. Which of the following may be the problem? a. Hypovitaminosis A b. Gout c. Parasite overload d. Metabolic bone disease
Gout
An iguana is presented and the owner indicated that it is fed a diet of cat food and a few vegetables. Which of the following disorders could develop in this animal? a. Hypovitaminosis A b. Gout c. Parasite overload d. Metabolic bone disease
Gout
The veterinarian has asked you to determine that a bird's feces has gram-negative bacteria. What type of test would you perform? a. Gram stain b. Occult blood test c. Direct smear d. Fecal flotation
Gram Stain
Chinchillas kept in a very war, and humid environment can be prone to: a. aggression. b. respiratory disease. c. heat stroke. d. inappetence.
Heat stroke
Which disorder can be caused by feeding a tortoise a diet high in iceberg lettuce and cucumbers? a. Metabolic bone disease b. Gout c. Parasite overload d. Hypovitaminosis A
Hypovitaminosis A
It is important to consider where a bird cage should be located in a house. Which is an ideal location? a. Near a window for direct sunlight b. Near a window for ventilation c. In the family room d. In the kitchen
In the family room
What should not be performed because birds have cartilaginous rings in the trachea? a. Air sac cannulation b. Masked induction c. Intubation d. Intubation with a cuffed endotracheal tube
Intubations with cuffed endotracheal tube
The forked tongue of snakes and lizards assists in delivering scent particles to the vomeronasal organ called the: a. tomia. b. Jacobson's organ. c. chromatophores. d. hemipenes.
Jacobsons organ
The most reliable vessel to collect a large amount of blood in a sugar glider is the: a. jugular. b. cephalic. c. femoral. d. saphenous.
Jugular
Which condition is characterized by the presence of a slowly enlarging lump and is caused by Actinomyces Israeli? a. Scurvy b. Alopecia c. Infection d. Lumpy jaw
Lumpy Jaw
A chinchilla is presented with excessive salivation and alopecia on the chin and skin. What is the most likely problem? a. Malocclusion b. Constipation c. Choke d. Barbering
Malocclusion
Upon examination a bearded dragon is found to have a pliable mandible. Which disease is most likely the reason for this finding? a. Hypovitaminosis A b. Metabolic bone disease c. Gout d. Parasite overload
Metabolic bone disease
When collecting blood from a lizard, which is the most common vessel used for collection? a. Ventral coccygeal vein b. Jugular c. Clipped toenail d. Cephalic
Ventral coccygeal vein
Hedgehogs kept as pets in the United States rarely are infected with: a. mycotic diseases. b. parasites. c. viral diseases. d. dental disease.
Viral diseases
Reptiles require ultraviolet light to produce: a. vitamin C. b. vitamin D. c. vitamin E. d. vitamin B.
Vitamine D
Which of the following is only an appropriate substrate for a reptile cage if appropriate ventilation is available to prevent the absorption of moisture? a. Shredded coconut shells b. Newspaper c. Artificial turf d. Wood chips
Wood Chips
A protocol is being designed to develop new treatments for hemophilia. Which species would be appropriate for these studies? a. White perch b. Rainbow trout c. Indian catfish d. Zebrafish
Zebrafish
Which feature of red blood cells (RBC's) in birds makes them unique? a. Round and nucleated b. Oval and nucleated c. Round-shaped and concave d. Oval and concave
oval and nucleated
Sugar gliders have a gliding membrane that stretches between the front and hind legs called a: a. eutherian. b. wing. c. cloaca. d. patagium.
patagium
Due to the high metabolic rate of birds it is recommended that they only be fasted prior to anesthesia for: a. 4-5 hours. b. 30 minutes. c. 2-3 hours. d. 8 hours.
2-3 hours
The pectoral muscle comprises approximately what percentage of the body weight of birds? a. 10% b. 5% c. 20% d. 35%
20%
If a large snake needs to be restrained, a general guide of one person every _____ feet is recommended. a. 2 b. 5 c. 3 d. 4
3
The blood volume of most reptiles ranges between what percent of their total body weight? a. 8-9% b. 5-8% c. 10-12% d. 4-5%
5-8%
Diets for captive sugar gliders should have what percentage of sources of fruit sugars to maintain the health of the animal? a. 25% b. 70% c. 50% d. 35%
50%
The recommended ratio for pellets versus fresh fruits and vegetables for most species of birds is: a. 40% pellets : 60% fresh fruits and vegetables. b. 50% pellets : 50% fresh fruits and vegetables. c. 60% pellets : 40% fresh fruits and vegetables. d. 70% pellets : 30% fresh fruits and vegetables
70% pellets: 30% fresh fruits and vegetables
Hedgehogs are native to which continent? a. Europe b. South America c. Australia d. Africa
Africa
Which type of bird is more likely to have problems with self-mutilation? a. Parakeet b. Finches c. African grey d. Canaries
African Grey
Which restraint method is a great way to restrain large parrots with fragile facial skin to prevent them from biting? a. An Elizabethan hold b. A towel wrapped around the wings c. A restraint board d. Gently holding each side of the face below the eye
An Elizabethan hold
Which avian disease can cause psittacosis in humans? a. Poxvirus b. Avian chlamydiosis c. Polyomavirus d. Pacheco's disease
Avian Chlamydiosis
Which animal is an excellent model for noise-induced hearing loss and middle ear infections? a. Chinchilla b. Sheep c. Armadillo d. Woodchuck
Chinchilla
Which species has more hair per square inch of skin than any other animal? a. Armadillo b. Woodchuck c. Chinchilla d. Sugar glider
Chinchilla
Which species was used by NASA in sleep research studies and has been applied to assisting astronauts on their missions? a. Chinchilla b. Sheep c. Woodchuck d. Armadillo
Chinchilla
Which of these species is a strict carnivore? a. Bearded dragon b. Box turtle c. Corn snake d. Tortoise
Corn Snake
In many species of birds, the esophagus expands in the interclavicular space to create the: a. proventriculus. b. crop. c. cloaca. d. ventriculus.
Crop
A frog presents with hyperemia on the ventral skin, subcutaneous edema, petechia, and ecchymotic hemorrhage. What is the most like cause of these symptoms? a. Cutaneous bacterial infection b. Mycobacteriosis c. Ulcerative dermatitis d. Toxin exposure
Cutaneous material infection
Feeding hedgehogs abrasive items may help prevent the occurrence of which disease? a. Dental disease b. Respiratory infections c. Oral neoplasms d. Salmonella
Dental disease
The clinical signs of which common disease of older hedgehogs can include dyspnea, lethargy, weight loss, ascites, and sudden death? a. Hematopoiesis b. Dilated cardiomyopathy c. Hepatic lipidosis d. Myocardial mineralization
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Perches should never be placed higher or equal to eye level to prevent which behavior issue in birds? a. Biting b. Chewing c. Dominance d. Vocalization
Dominance
The heart rate of reptiles should be obtained using which instrument and location? a. Doppler® and over the pelvic girdle b. Doppler® and over the heart c. Stethoscope and directly over the pelvic girdle d. Pediatric stethoscope and directly over the heart
Doppler and over the heart
The recommended radiographic view for a turtle's skeletal system is: a. lateral. b. craniocaudal. c. dorsoventral. d. rostrocaudal.
Dorsoventral
An underlying medical condition or stress can lead to which behavior problem? a. Biting b. Self-mutilation c. Vocalization d. Dominance
Self mutilation
A hedgehog performs which unique behavior by taking an item into its mouth, mixing it with saliva then applying the mixture to its spines? a. Preening b. Marking c. Self-anointing d. Grooming
Self-Anointing
What can be a common problem in sugar gliders that are housed singly? a. Self-mutilation b. Aggression c. Territory marking d. Overexcitement
Self-mutilation
All amphibians can be maintained or housed in a plastic or glass aquarium. Why is this the recommended type of housing? a. Ease of cleaning b. Resistant to chemicals c. Smooth sides to prevent damage to skin d. Inexpensive
Smooth sides to prevent damage to skin
What are the most commonly used reptiles in research? a. Red-eared sliders b. Snakes c. Box turtles d. Bearded dragons
Snakes
what is known as the voice box in birds? a. Nares b. Choana c. Cloaca d. Syrinx
Syrinx
Why is the use of the pupillary light response not a good diagnostic tool for birds? a. Birds have tubular eyes b.The iris contains striated muscles that allow for voluntary control of the size of the pupils c. Birds have round eyes d. The presence of pectin oculi in the fluid of the eye
The iris contains striated muscles that allow for voluntary control of the size of the pupils
The respiratory system of birds is different from in mammals in which way? a. They have cartilaginous bands on the trachea. b. The lungs do not inflate. c. They breathe through their nares. d. They breathe through the feathers.
The lungs do not inflate
A technician has given a bearded dragon an injection of a nephrotoxic medication caudal to the kidneys. What can be the result of injection? a. The animal will expire immediately. b.The medication will be excreted before it is distributed throughout the body. c. The medication could result in kidney damage. d. The medication will work without complications.
The medication could result in kidney damage
Male chinchillas may remain in the cage after parturition if: a. they are a monogamous pair. b. they are housed in a group. c. they have been neutered. d. they should never be left in the cage.
They are monogamous
A lizard has a thermal burn from a faulty heat lamp. The skin of the wound is completely destroyed but the underlying muscles are not involved. What degree of burn is this? a. First degree b. Third degree c. Fourth degree d. Second degree
Third degree
Which route of medication administration should be avoided in hedgehogs? a. Intramuscular b. Topical c. Oral d. Subcutaneous
Topical
What device is recommended when capturing a bird to help prevent the fear of hands? a. A net b. Leather gloves c. Leg hook d. Towels
Towels
Unlike puppies, birds may not outgrow which destructive behavior? a. Biting b. Chewing c. Vocalization d. Dominance
chewing
What V-shaped slit on the roof of the mouth in birds directs air from the mouth and nasal cavities to the glottis? a. Cloaca b. Nares c. Choana d. Proventriculus
choana
The best location to auscultate the lungs on a bird is: a. right lateral midway between keel and spine. b. left lateral midway between keel and spine. c. dorsal midline between the shoulder blades. d. ventral midline along the keel.
dorsal midline between the shoulder blades
The best method of feeding an African grey is: .feed 70% good quality pellets and 30% fresh fruits and vegetables. b. ensure that grit is available. c. feed a diet high in seeds. d. offer food from the dinner table to encourage variety.
feed 70% good quality pellets and 30% fresh fruits and vegetables
If a reptile is viviparous, that means it: a. only eats vegetation. b. lays eggs. c. gives birth to live offspring. d. only eats live prey.
gives birth to live offspring
Chronic masturbation can be a result of which behavior problem in birds? a. Self-mutilation b. Dominance c. Inappropriate bonding d. Chewing
inappropriate bonding
A bird is in need of subcutaneous (SQ) fluids. What is the best location to administer the fluids? a. Axillary b. Inguinal c. Ventral d. Dorsal
inguinal
Which is a unique feature of the reptilian heart? a. Each chamber has three subchambers. b. It is located in the caudal third of the body. c. It has three chambers. d. It has two chambers.
it has three chambers
A sugar glider is a(n): a. monotreme. b. eutherian. c. mammal. d. marsupial.
marsupial
The first step in a thorough physical examination in a bird is: a. capture the bird. b. observe the bird from a distance. c. obtain a detailed history. d. gather vital signs.
obtain a detailed history
One method of preventing pododermatitis in birds is to: a. allow the bird to only eat off of the floor of the cage. b. keep the floor of the cage clean. c. provide many toys for enrichment. d.offer perches with varying sizes, textures, and shapes.
offer perches with trying sized, textures and shapes.