EXW 344
Regarding gender, it is typical to see what percentage difference between the VO2 of a woman as compared to a man.
Men are about 15-30% higher than women
What does PAL stand for?
Physical activity level
Drug X is associated with decreased LDL cholesterol levels, but not with decreased triglyceride levels. (Hills Criteria)
Speficity
What is the difference between a "state" and a "trait"?
State- transitory, can change often, how you feel RIGHT NOW trait- stable emotion, how you feel IN GENERAL
The correlation between physical activity levels and cardiorespiratory fitness is 0.5, which makes this a moderately strong relationship. (Hills Criteria)
Strength
Muscle mass and quality is important in maintaining which of the following at optimal levels?
Strength Glucose levels Lipid oxidation Fall risk
If I am focusing on getting my client with a sedentary occupation to engage in many small bouts of light movement throughout their work day as opposed to only engaging in one longer bout of movement, what am I trying to get them to change?
The frequency of their movements
What is the waist to hip ratio (WHR) of a young man with a waist circumference of 89cm and a hip circumference of 91cm and is his health risk considered elevated according to the WHR?
0.98; elevated risk
In a 1998 study by Martinson and colleagues on exercise and anxiety, how many subjects experienced anxiety symptoms in the 8 week exercise intervention?
1 subject
What is the incidence of sudden cardiac death during marathon running per 100,00 marathon runners?
1-2 runners
(T/F) Low hand grip strength is not associated with an increased mortality risk in elderly people.
False
(T/F) Osteoarthritis affects more men than women.
False
(T/F) Physical activity increases the gastrointestinal transit time of food, thereby reducing colon cancer risk.
False
(T/F) Regular exercise is associated with an increased fall risk (~37%)
False
(T/F) Evidence clearly indicates that physical activity in childhood tracks into or continues to happen in adulthood.
False
(T/F) Figure 18.1 demonstrates that as the benefits of physical activity increase, the risks and harms level off and even begin to decline.
False
(T/F) HDL levels of less than 40 are considered ideal.
False
Which weekly running distance seems to be associated with the lowest all-cause mortality risk?
10 miles
What percentage of older adults fall each year?
30-60%
Findings from the Aerobic Center Longitudinal Study regarding cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality rates found what percentage of decreased mortality risk for men in the combined moderate/high fitness groups as compared to the low fitness groups?
37%
In regards to dose-response, one study on children looked at the relationship between physical activity and enhanced executive functioning skills (Davis et al. 2007). What was listed as "high-dose physical activity" in this study?
40 min/day
Regarding sitting time, findings from the 1981 Canada Fitness Survey found that for those who sat 3/4 of the time were at what percent greater risk of dying from cardiovascular ailments?
47% increased risk, relative risk of 1.47
When looking at the proteins and phenotypes portion of the text, how many protein types of classifications are mentioned in Table 24.1?
9
In terms of gender roles and advantage in survival, what were said to be the advantages of higher performance capacity and motor skills for a male in early Homo Sapiens?
Advantage in getting food and defending against other predators
Which of the following are signs and symptoms of a myocardial ischemia or heart attack?
Angina pectoris Pain in the jaw and arms Weakness Fainting
What is meant by the phrase "clear and strong evidence supports an inverse association between levels of physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality from all cause, CVD, and all cancers combined"?
As your level of physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness increases, mortality decreases
Regarding initial interests in physical activity by behavioral scientists, why was it that they weren't learning about PA and how it relates to health?
Because they were focusing on performance and motor skills acquisition
What are ways in which exercise can help alleviate depression?
By improving global self-efficacy and self-esteem Up regulation of endorphins Neuroplasticity Downregulation of cortisol levels
Which of the following is best defined as a lung disease in which the lung is damaged and the airways are partly obstructed, making it difficult to breathe?
COPD
Typically, a mixture of carbohydrates and fats is used to provide ATP for most activities; however, as the intensity of exercise increases, ______ becomes the primary fuel.
Carbohydrates
Which portions of the neuron make up the gray matter in the brain?
Cell bodies and dendrites
Distance runners tend to have high VO2 max values. It therefore stands to reason that physical activity levels across the general population correlate positively with cardiorespiratory fitness. (Hills Criteria)
Coherence
A study in China found that an additional 30 minutes of walking per day can improve the cardiorespiratory fitness of elderly women. A study in England found that an additional 30 minutes of walking per day can improve the cardiorespiratory fitness in middle aged men. (Hills Criteria)
Consistency
When looking at physical inactivity as a risk factor, the term "hypokinetic disease" was a previously used term about 50 years ago. What does this term mean?
Due to decreased or less movement
(T/F) Impaired glucose tolerance is indicated by a blood glucose level of <140 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test.
False
People who accumulate 40MET/hrs per week of aerobic training tend to have better cardiorespiratory fitness compared to people who accumulate only 20MET/hrs per week of aerobic training. (Hills Criteria)
Dose response
What term is best defined by: the relationship where we can see that a steady increase in the amount of exposure is associated with a steady increase in the outcome?
Dose response
(T/F) EPOC is greater after low intensity exercise compared to high intensity exercise.
False
(T/F) Leisure physical activity has decreased greatly in the last few decades.
False
What is the biggest solution suggested to prevent the female triad?
Education of the athlete, coaches, and parents or caretakers
Environmental vs. individual interventions: Which intervention model is said in the text to have a greater public health impact?
Environmental interventions that remove barriers to activity at the community level
Who would be most likely to be studying causes of death and then looking at ways to understand the links between risk factors and how they lead to death?
Epidemiologist
(T/F) "Lean" athletes are less likely to have female athlete triad than "non lean" athletes.
False
(T/F) A hemoglobin Alc level of 5.8 is considered elevated and indicates impaired glucose tolerance.
False
(T/F) According to a Norwegian study done at Thune et al. (1997), women who exercised for at least 2-3 hours/week saw a significant decrease in their risk of developing cancer.
False
(T/F) According to the Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee (2008), participation in moderate types and amounts of activity, such as running, walking, or cycling, poses as substantial risk of osteoarthritis.
False
(T/F) Aerobic exercise can only improve insulin activity if it is associated with weight and fat loss.
False
(T/F) As seen in both Canada and the US, physical activity levels are lower in childhood and increase through adolescence and into adulthood.
False
(T/F) During detraining, the cross-sectional area of slow twitch muscle fibers decreased more than the cross-sectional area of fast twitch muscle fibers.
False
(T/F) Research about intensity of physical activity, conducted by Paffenbarger and coworkers in the Harvard Alumni Study showed that even light-intensity activity was associated with mortality benefits.
False
(T/F) Resistance training has no effect on the muscular strength of persons with muscular dystrophy.
False
(T/F) Resistance training is considered safe in persons with chronic heart failure and resisting blood pressure of 160/100 Mahfouz or greater.
False
(T/F) Resistance training seems to be as effective as aerobic training in lowering LDL levels.
False
(T/F) State anxiety is a relatively permanent disposition to be anxious, whereas trait anxiety is temporary and context-specific.
False
(T/F) The "All or Nothing" format that we see skeletal muscular contraction engaged in across the motor unit explains why we need less ATP when maintaining adequate leisure time physical activity as compared to remaining sedentary.
False
(T/F) The causative relationship between physical activity and the decreased risk of developing asthma is easy to understand as the biological mechanism has been clearly determined.
False
(T/F) The current recommendations for healthy physical activity indicate that time spent engaging in activities such as self-care casual walking, or taking out the trash can be used towards accumulating your minimum of 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity in a day.
False
(T/F) The insulin response is improved for at least 7 days following an exercise bout.
False
(T/F) There is a strong association between genetics and Type I diabetes and a weak association between genetics and Type II diabetes.
False
(T/F) Tour de France cyclists have higher pre-mature mortality rate compared to the general population.
False
(T/F) Type I diabetes is frequently linked to obesity, Type II is not.
False
(T/F) Walking at 4mph is the same relative intensity for a person with a maximal exercise capacity of 6 METs as it is for a person with a maximal exercise capacity of 10 METs.
False
(T\F) Occupational physical activity energy expenditure is the same today as it was 35 years ago.
False
Executive function processing takes place mostly in which brain area?
Frontal lobe
Regarding assessment for older people, there is a problem with clearly assessing mobility, behavior, or performance because the activities measured are often the same. Which of the following is NOT identified as an example of one of those in your textbook.
Getting out of bed (walking, housework, climbing stairs)
This is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, according to the WHO.
Health
In regards to ethnicity, the males of which ethnic group showed the highest amount of physical activity through the use of accelerometer data, although they report the least amount of leisure-time activity?
Hispanic
Which of the following is not a chronic complication of Type II diabetes?
Hyperglycemic coma
According to the new blood pressure guidelines posted on the slides, a blood pressure of 138/90 is considered:
Hypertension stage 2
Which of the following are possible criteria for metabolic syndrome by the WHO?
Impaired fasting glucose Elevated body weight Elevated blood pressure Impaired glucose tolerance Microalbuminuria
In regards to exercise and depression, in which person would we expect to see the best results?
In the person with the most significant symptoms at the beginning of the study
Increased venous return during exercise is linked to the muscle pump, the respiratory pump, and the abdominal pump. Which of these is the abdominal pump?
Increased abdominal pressure which presses on the intra-abdominal veins
Looking at sports injuries from the data collected in the Netherlands, which sport was the "most dangerous" when taking into account the number of hours that the athletes participate in the activity?
Indoor soccer
What general level of physical activity is associated with the lowest risk of osteoarthritis?
Low to moderate
Which study design is said to be the "gold standard" for epidemiology studies?
Randomized day clinical trial (RCT)
The reduction in VO2 max with advancing age can be explained by with of the following?
Sarcopenia Reduction in muscle quality (reduced oxygen uptake per kg of muscle mass)
The acute effects of exercise of blood pressure and blood glucose levels last......
Several hours
What is the reason given in the book to explain why lung cancer is only the 2nd most common newly occurring cancer to be diagnosed but listed as the 1st most fatal?
Some cancers have a better prognosis than others Some cancers are easier to detect earlier which leads to earlier treatment Lung cancer is not as easily treated as prostate or breast
According to the National Center for Health Statistics, what is partial disability?
Some degree of difficulty in performing activities of daily living
For this textbook, what is the definition of cardiorespiratory fitness?
The maximal physical working capacity or aerobic power - an integrated assessment of the function of the heart, lungs, vascular system, and skeletal muscles
What is exercise physiology?
The study of the body's function during exercise and its physiological adaptations to regular participation in exercise
What does your textbook mean when it uses the term Human Genome?
The total genetic information in human cells
(T/F) 2 minutes of walking, a couple of times per hour, is enough to produce beneficial acute effects of blood glucose levels.
True
(T/F) A LDL level below 100 is considered optimal.
True
(T/F) A numbering system has been created which allows us to be able to pinpoint the address of a particular part or region of a chromosome.
True
(T/F) According to the meta-analysis by Smith et al. (2010), exercise is associated with better executive function but not working memory.
True
(T/F) Acute effects of exercise have to be accumulated with sufficient frequency to attain chronic adaptations.
True
(T/F) After resting or standing still, when you initially begin an exercise such as running on a treadmill at a fast pace, there is an O2 deficit which means that we are not able to produce enough ATP through oxidative pathways.
True
(T/F) Better self regulation is associated with greater academic success.
True
(T/F) CO2 concentration in the blood and ventilators volume are directly related.
True
(T/F) Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in the US.
True
(T/F) Chronic inflammation of the blood vessels is associated with cardiovascular disease.
True
(T/F) Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy refers to peripheral nerve damage and is cause by damaged capillaries.
True
(T/F) Exercise can improve postprandial blood glucose tolerance.
True
(T/F) Exercise can lead to thrombogenesis.
True
(T/F) Exercise is associated with an acute increase in pro-inflammatory cytokinesis.
True
(T/F) Findings from twin and family studies show that there is a significant genetic contribution to fat-free mass.
True
(T/F) For young women, a waist to hip ratio of 0.90 is considered a health risk.
True
(T/F) High-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels of 3.0mg/L indicate an elevated risk of heart disease.
True
(T/F) Most people who we traditionally classify as responders to exercise, can experience improvements with increasing doses of exercise.
True
(T/F) Muscle contractions facilitate glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.
True
(T/F) Muscle glycogen utilization is highest during the beginning of prolonged exercise and tapers off whereas fatty acid utilization increases over time during prolonged exercise.
True
(T/F) Muscle protein synthesis peaks at about 5 hours after resistance training and remains elevated for at least 10 hours after exercise.
True
(T/F) NHANES began in the early 1960s.
True
(T/F) NHANES data has been used to establish national norms, such as growth charts.
True
(T/F) NHANES stands for National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
True
(T/F) NHANES uses surveys, interviews, and physical examinations to collect data.
True
(T/F) Physical activity, as opposed to sitting, lowers blood pressure chronically.
True
(T/F) Records of yoga from as early as 3300 BC are amongst the earliest records of physical activity by humans for a purpose other than hunting, gathering, or immediate survival.
True
(T/F) Resistance training is generally considered safe for persons with coronary artery disease.
True
(T/F) Resistance training may be more effective than aerobic training in reducing serum triglyceride levels.
True
(T/F) Risk of all-cause mortality is reduced by about 30% in those with muscular strength in the upper tertile compared to those in the lower tertile.
True
(T/F) The Harvard FL was instrumental in the early advancements of exercise physiology research by studying the responses of the body under various stressors.
True
(T/F) The National Institute of Health, the Food and Drug Administration, and CDC are among the agencies that rely upon NHANES to provide data essential for the implementation and evaluation of program activities.
True
(T/F) The obesity prevalence in youth seems to have been plateauing since 2003-04.
True
(T/F) The skeletal structure of Homo sapiens, with short femoral necks, stabilized foot arch, short toes, and large hip and knee joint, is well adapt for long distance running.
True
(T/F) There seems to be a negative relationship between exercise volume and serum triglyceride levels.
True
(T/F) Type II diabetes is associated with impaired beta cell function.
True
(T/F) Watching more than 4 hours of tv per day increases your CVD mortality risk compared to watching less than 2 hours per day.
True
(T/F) Weight bearing physical activity is important for children and adolescents in order to reach peak bone mass and density.
True
(T/F) Weight loss can reduce a person's energy expenditure per kg of lean body mass.
True
Does someone with LDL levels of 170 and total cholesterol levels of 250 have dyslipidemia?
Yes