FA Auditory - Regs III

John Coltrane

"Giant Steps" was written by this saxophone virtuoso and jazz composer known as much for his early hard bop as for his avant-garde compositions A Love Supreme and Ascension.

Heitor Villa-Lobos

"Homage to the Countryman" is the first of his Five Preludes for guitar, for which he also composed twelve etudes.

Achille-Claude Debussy

"Promenade Sentimentale" was the original name of a movement of a suite by this composer, which ends with a (*) "passepied" fourth movement.

trumpet

"Salt Peanuts" wasrecorded on a bent one of these instruments.

The Tales of Hoffmann

A single bass-baritone typically plays its four villains, including Dapertutto and Dr. Miracle, who kills one character by making a portrait of her dead mother urge her to sing.

bassoon

A solo for this instrument opens the aria "Una furtiva lagrima" in The Elixir of Love.

Einojuhani Rautavaara

A solo for two flutes opens a piece he wrote with movements "The Marsh," "Melancholy," and "Swans Migrating."

violincellos

A solo prelude for this instrument consists almost entirely of G major arpeggios in a sixteenth note rhythm; that piece is the first in a collection of six solo pieces for this instrument by J.S. Bach.

piano concertos by Sergei Vasielievich Rachmaninoff

A soloist uses a series of bell-like block chords to open the C minor second of these pieces.

five

A standard blues scale flattens the third, the seventh, and this major scale degree. In sonata form, if the exposition starts in a major key, then it usually modulates to the key of this scale degree.

Franz Josef Haydn

A string quartet by him ends with a brief tempo change from presto to adagio, followed by four grand pauses.

Arnold Schoenberg

A string sextet by him is based on a poem by Richard Dehmel, in which a woman confesses to bearing another man's child.

pastorale

A suite by Chabrier with this word in its title opens with an Idylle and ends with a Scherzo-Valse.

Franz Joseph Haydn

A symphony by him uses Turkish percussion in its allegretto second movement, granting it its nickname "Military".

Republic of Poland

A third composer from here wrote the piece Beatus Vir for a visit from the Pope and wrote a symphony that uses quotes from a Renaissance (*) astronomer.

Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky

A trip to Gurzuf inspired this man to compose a pair of piano pieces, the second of which is subtitled "Baydarki Capriccio."

violin concertos

A twelve-tone one of these compositions wascommissioned by Louis Krasner and inspired by the death of (*) Manon Gropius.

Surprise Symphony or Haydn's Symphony No. 94 in G or Sinfonie mit dem Paukenschlag or Symphony with the kettledrum hit

A variation in the second movement of this work features the oboe playing the melody of repeated sixteenth notes.

tango

A variation of music for this dance that is popular in Finland is almost always in a minor key. Carlos Gardel popularized this Argentine partner dance.

Pathetique Symphony

A week after this piece's premiere, its composer died, likely from cholera.

Adolphe Sax

A widespread myth holds that the flugelhorn was created by this Belgian, probably due to its similarity to a horn that his family patented. This man died in poverty forty years before Alexander Glazunov wrote a concerto for an instrument he invented.

George Frideric Handel

A work by this man featuring a siciliana style movement called "La Paix" and another movement called "La Réjouissance" was written to celebrate the signing of the Peace of Aix-la-Chappelle.

violin concertos or violin concerti

A work in this form whose last movement is a perpetuum mobile was written by Samuel Barber.

symphonies by Jean Sibelius

A work sometimes considered to be an unnumbered one of these includes a movement named for thetitle character and his sister.

Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns

A xylophone lick in that piece is quoted in another work by this composer of the Organ Symphony that includes movements like "Fossils" and "The Swan."

hand crossing

According to a legend, Scarlatti was eventually unable to perform this virtuosic technique frequently called for in his essercizi ("ess-air-CHEET-see") due to his rotundness.

Brandenburg Concertos

According to critics, the high trumpet part in one of these pieces was inspired by the virtuoso playing of bandleader Johann Altenburg.

Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington

Adelaide Hall sang a wordless vocal melody in his "Creole Love Call".

violin concerto

Adolph Brodsky premiered that composition written by Lake Geneva by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.

I Ching

After 1951, almost all of Cage's work was composed using this text, which he believed helped him to compose using chance.

Constanze Mozart

After Wolfgang's death, Nannerl met this woman, her sister-in-law, once in 1820, and decided to give this woman a box of letters from Wolfgang to help write a biography. Mozart wrote the soprano solo in his Great C minor Mass for this singer.

Ottorino Respighi

Arturo Toscanini conducted the American premiere of a different work by this man, which uses bucinae to represent an army and trombones to represent the chanting of a priest.

Arnold Schoenberg

As a member of the Second Viennese School, Berg was a student of this composer, who applied his twelve-tone system to create operas like Moses und Aron.

Don Giovanni

At a ball scene in this opera, three small bands simultaneously play a minuet, a follia, and a teitsch in three different time signatures in counterpoint.

Béla Bartók

At one point in a ballet by this composer, a lamp falls to the floor and goes out, and a wordless chorus enters as the title character's body begins to glow greenish blue.

Czech

Besides the composer of Sinfonietta, another composer of this nationality portrayed his deafness with a high E in the viola in his First String Quartet, subtitled "From My Life".

Moonlight Sonata

Edwin Fischer and Andras Schiff have claimed that parts of this work's first movement are heavily influenced by the Commendatore's death scene from Don Giovanni.

Jean-Baptiste Lully or Giovanni Battista Lulli

For 10 points, identify this Italian-born master of French Baroque at the court of Louis XIV, who fatally stabbed himself in the foot while keeping time in 1687.

Joaquin Rodrigo Vidre

For 10 points, identify this blind Spanish composer of Concierto de Aranjuez.

John Adams

For 10 points, identify this composer of Gnarly Buttons and Short Ride in a Fast Machine who won the 2003 Pulitzer Prize for his piece On the Transmigration of Souls.

Georg Friedrich Handel

For 10 points, identify this composer of Music for the Royal Fireworks and Water Music.

Richard Georg Strauss

For 10 points, identify this composer of Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks, whose tone poem Also sprach Zarathustra was used in 2001: A Space Odyssey.

Heitor Villa-Lobos

For 10 points, identify this composer of a group of works inspired by the composer of The Well-Tempered Clavier, his Bachianas Brasileiras.

Arnold Schoenberg

For 10 points, identify this composer of the 2nd Viennese school who revolutionized music with the twelve tone scale.

Philip Glass

For 10 points, identify this contemporary composer who wrote the music for the film Koyaanisqatsi and the opera Einstein on the Beach.

bassoon

For 10 points, identify this double-reed instrument that plays at a lower register than the oboe.

Iberia

For 10 points, identify this four-book piano suite named by Isaac Albeniz after his native peninsula.

Thelonious Monk

For 10 points, identify this jazz pianist who composed "Round Midnight" and "Straight, No Chaser."

1812 Overture

For 10 points, identify this notable work by Tchaikovsky featuring bells and orchestrated cannon fire.

War Requiem

For 10 points, identify this piece for the dead by Benjamin Britten.

Paganini's Caprices

For 10 points, identify this set of twenty-four solo works for violin by Niccolo Paganini.

Symphony from the New World

For 10 points, identify this symphony by Antonin Dvorak.

Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 2

For 10 points, identify this symphony by Gustav Mahler which followed the "Titan."

Lyric

For 10 points, identify this term that describes some "pieces" by Edvard Grieg, a word derived from the name of stringed instrument popular in Ancient Greece.

Finlandia

For 10 points, identify this tone poem extolling the virtues of resistance against the Russian Empire, a nationalistic work of Jean Sibelius.

timpani

For 10 points, identify thispercussion instrument also known as the kettledrum.

Johannes Brahms

For 10 points, identifythis composer of a namesake Lullaby.

Edvard Grieg

For 10 points, incidental music to Ibsen's play Peer Gynt was composed by what Norwegian composer?

Franz Josef Haydn

For 10 points, name the Austrian composer of the "Military," "Surprise," and "Farewell" symphonies.

Ralph Vaughan Williams

For 10 points, name the composer of A Sea Symphony, The Lark Ascending, and Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis.

Richard Strauss

For 10 points, name the composer of An Alpine Symphony and Also Sprach Zarathustra.

Pathetique Symphony

For 10 points, name the final symphony written by Tchaikovsky.

clarinet concertos

For 10 points, name these compositions for solo wind instrument and orchestra.

serenades

For 10 points, name these compositions similar to divertimenti,which include Mozart's Eine Kleine Nachtmusik.

symphonies of Johannes Brahms

For 10 points, name these four works by the composer of the Academic Festival Overture.

Piano Sonatas by Charles Ives

For 10 points, name these piano pieces including the second, nicknamed Concord.

etudes of Frédéric François Chopin (prompt on partial answer; prompt on "studies," "Chopin's studies," or equivalents)

For 10 points, name these piano studies like the "Revolutionary" one which were written by a Polish composer.

symphonies by Jean Sibelius

For 10 points, name these seven orchestral works, not counting Kullervo, by the composer of TheSwan of Tuonela.

Brandenburg Concertos

For 10 points, name these six compositions by J.S. Bach, named for the state ruled by Margrave Christian Ludwig.

piano concertos by Sergei Vasielievich Rachmaninoff

For 10 points, name these solo keyboard works by the composer of Rhapsody on a Theme by Paganini.

Chopin's études

For 10 points, name these solo piano studies by a Polish-French composer.

piano sonatas of Ludwig van Beethoven

For 10 points, name these types of works by a certain composer, which include works called "Hammerklavier," "Appassionata," and "Moonlight."

waltzes

For 10 points, name these types of works which include ones by the "king" of these, Johann Strauss II, like Tales from the Vienna Woods and The Blue Danube, all of which are dance pieces in 3/4 time.

violin concerto

For 10 points, name these works for a certain stringed instrument and orchestra.

string quartets of Joseph Haydn

For 10 points, name these works for a chamber ensemble by the father of the symphony.

violin concertos or violin concerti

For 10 points, name these works for a solo string instrument and orchestra, exemplified by The Four Seasons.

symphonies by Johannes Brahms

For 10 points, name these works for orchestra by the composer of Hungarian Dances and a notable lullaby.

Symphonies by Felix Mendelssohn

For 10 points, name these works including Song of Praise, Reformation, Italian, and Scottish.

Ella Jane Fitzgerald

For 10 points, name this "First Lady of Jazz," known for her scat singing.

Johann Strauss II

For 10 points, name this "Waltz King" who composed On the Beautiful Blue Danube.

Paul Hindemith

For 10 points, name this 20th century German composer of Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Carl Maria von Weber, who based a symphony off of his opera Mathis der Maler.

Aaron Copland

For 10 points, name this American composer of El Salón México, Billy the Kid, and Appalachian Spring.

Charles Ives

For 10 points, name this American composer of Three Places in New England.

Samuel Osborne Barber II

For 10 points, name this American composer of the Adagio for Strings.

Samuel Osmond Barber

For 10 points, name this American composer of the notoriouslysorrowful piece Adagio for Strings.

Franz Peter Schubert

For 10 points, name this Austrian composer of an "Unfinished" symphony.

Anton Bruckner

For 10 points, name this Austrian composer of an unfinished Ninth Symphony, a Seventh Symphony subtitled "Lyric", and a Fourth Symphony subtitled "Tragic".

Alban Berg

For 10 points, name this Austrian composer of the operas Lulu and Wozzeck.

Benjamin Britten

For 10 points, name this British composer of Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge and War Requiem, who also wrote the operas Billy Budd and Peter Grimes.

Moonlight Sonata

For 10 points, name this C-sharp minor piano sonata by Beethoven, whose nickname comes from the title phenomenon shining on Lake Lucerne.

Suite Bergamasque

For 10 points, name this Claude Debussy piano suite that includes "Clair de lune."

Leos Janacek

For 10 points, name this Czech composer of a noted Sinfonietta and the Glagolitic Mass.

Leoš Janáček

For 10 points, name this Czech composer who wrote the nationalistic Sinfonietta but might be best known for his terrifying opera in which a newborn baby is drowned in an icy river, titled Jenůfa.

Henry Purcell

For 10 points, name this English Baroque composer of Dido and Aeneas.

William Walton

For 10 points, name this English composer of Belshazzar's Feast.

Benjamin Britten

For 10 points, name this English composer of The Turn of the Screw and Peter Grimes.

Edward William Elgar

For 10 points, name this English composer of the Enigma Variations and the Pomp and Circumstance marches.

Josquin des Prez

For 10 points, name this Flemish Renaissance composer.

Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns

For 10 points, name this French composer of Danse Macabre and The Carnival of the Animals.

Darius Milhaud

For 10 points, name this French composer of Le création du monde, a member of Les Six.

Hector Berlioz

For 10 points, name this French composer of Symphonie Fantastique.

Claude-Achille Debussy

For 10 points, name this French composer of the Children's Corner suite, Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, and Clair de Lune.

Olivier Messiaen

For 10 points, name this French composer of the Turangalila Symphony and Quartet for the End of Time.

Achille-Claude Debussy

For 10 points, name this French, Impressionist composer who wrote Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun and Clair de lune.

Achille-Claude Debussy

For 10 points, name this Frenchcomposer of La Mer and "Clair de Lune."

Paul Hindemith

For 10 points, name this German composer of Mathis der Maler.

Richard Strauss

For 10 points, name this German composer of Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks and Also Sprach Zarathustra.

Johannes Brahms

For 10 points, name this German composer of the Academic Festival Overture and a namesake lullaby.

Ludwig van Beethoven

For 10 points, name this German composer of the Eroica Symphony.

Gyorgy Ligeti

For 10 points, name this Hungarian composer of Atmospheres and Lux Aeterna, whose music was used by Stanley Kubrick in 2001: A Space Odyssey.

Béla Viktor János Bartók

For 10 points, name this Hungarian composer of Duke Bluebeard's Castle.

Carmina Burana: Cantiones profanae cantoribus et choris cantandae comitantibus instrumentis atque imaginibus magicis

For 10 points, name this scenic cantata beginning and ending with O Fortuna, a work by Carl Orff.

Brandenburg Concertos

For 10 points, name this set of six pieces composed for a German margrave by Johann Sebastian Bach.

Transcendental Etudes

For 10 points, name this set of twelve works for solo piano by Franz Liszt designed to challenge the performer, a collection of etudes.

Das Lied von der Erde

For 10 points, name this setting of Táng Dynasty poets to music, an orchestral composition by Gustav Mahler.

clarinet

For 10 points, name this single-reed woodwind that plays the long glissando that opens Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue.

violincellos

For 10 points, name this string instrument played by Jacqueline du Pre, Mstislav Rostropovich, and Yo-yo Ma.

violin

For 10 points, name this stringed instrument played by Fritz Kreisler, for which Paganini wrote his 24 Caprices, which the concertmaster plays in an orchestra.

Shostakovich's Symphony No. 7 in C major, Op. 60

For 10 points, name this symphonic testament to Soviet victimsin World War II that was composed by Shostakovich.

Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 2

For 10 points, name this symphony by Gustav Mahler, the one after Titan.

triple time or meter

For 10 points, name this time signature most common in dance as the meter for minuets and waltzes.

violin concerto

For 10 points, name this type of composition written for orchestra and a soloist on the smallest standard string instrument.

preludes

For 10 points, name this type of composition, whose name suggests that they are played before another piece.

preludes

For 10 points, name this type of musical composition that introduces another piece of music.

Das Lied von der Erde

For 10 points, name this unnumbered symphony by Gustav Mahler.

Charles Mingus

For 10 points, name this upright bassist and jazz musician, known for self-titled albums like [His Name] Ah Um.

Symphony No. 9 in E minor

For 10 points, name this work by Antonin Dvorak.

Beethoven's Symphony No. 6 in F major, Opus 68

For 10 points, name this work by Beethoven that is often called"Pastoral."

Also sprach Zarathustra

For 10 points, name this work by Richard Strauss who found inspiration in a text byNietzsche.

Mahler's Symphony No. 8 in E flat Major

For 10 points, name this work for a large number of performers, a symphony by Gustav Mahler.

Harold in Italy

For 10 points, name this worked inspired by Lord Byron, which is Berlioz's second symphony.

Sir Edward William Elgar, 1st Baronet

For 10 points, name thiscomposer of the Enigma Variations and the marches in Pomp and Circumstance.

Rigoletto

For 10 points, the Duke of Mantua sings "La donne è mobile" in what Giuseppe Verdi opera about a title hunchbacked jester?

serenade

For 10 points, what term, derived from the Italian for "calm" or "evening," names a genre of music often played by a lover under a woman's window?

clarinet

For 10 points, what woodwind instrument that plays the glissando opening in the orchestration of Rhapsody in Blue?

Felix Mendelssohn

For 10 points,name this 19th-century German composer of Songs Without Words and A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Time Out

For 10 points,name this album, notable for its unusual meters, that includes works like "Blue Rondo a la Turk" and "Take Five,"composed by the Dave Brubeck Quartet.

St. John's Night on Bald Mountain

For 10 points,name this piece depicting a witch's sabbath near Kiev, a piece by Mussorgsky.

Sonny Rollins

For 10points, name this jazz saxophonist whose songs "You Don't Know What Love Is," "Strode Rode," and "St.Thomas" appear on his album Saxophone Colossus.

clarinet concertos

For a time, the most popular recording of another work of this type was by Robert (*) Marcellus.

Gyorgy Ligeti

For performer Rena Denes, he added a Capriccio movement to form his Cello Sonata in D. Each of the eleven piano pieces adds an additional pitch class in his Musica ricercata, while Nekrotzar appears in his only opera, a work set in Breughelland called (*) Le Grand Macabre.

Miles Davis

For ten points, name this Jazz trumpeter of Birth of the Cool, Bitches Brew, and Kind of Blue.

Aaron Copland

For the Bliss family's fiftieth anniversary, this composer wrote a Nonet for Strings on the commissionof Dumbarton Oaks.

A Clockwork Orange

For the soundtrack of this Stanley Kubrick film, Carlos used a vocoder ("VO-coder") to render the choral movement of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, against which Alex is conditioned during the Ludovico technique.

Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky

For10 points, name this composer of Symphony of Psalms and the Dumbarton Oaks Concerto, as well as TheRite of Spring.

violin concerto

Four (*) programmatic examples of this type of composition comprise Antonio Vivaldi's work The Four Seasons.

violincellos

Four soloists from this instrumental section play in the opening of the 1812 Overture.

triple time or meter

In Mozart's Requiem, the "Hostias," "Recordare," and "Agnus Dei" movements all have this meter, which he also used for most of his Missa Longa and for the Coronation Masses' "Agnus Dei."

clarinet

In Olivier Messiaen's ("oh-leev-YAY mess-YAWN's") Turangalîla-Symphonie, two of these instruments introduce the slow, dissonant "flower" theme, converging toward each other. This instrument's skittish trills and staccato repeated notes open the "Liturgie de cristal" first movement of Messiaen's Quartet for the End of Time.

clarinet

In Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf, it represents the cat.

deceptive cadence

In Rachmaninoff's Vocalise, the soprano sings her long last note over this type of cadence, one of which opens Beethoven's Les Adieux (lay zah-DYUH). In this type of "irregular resolution," a 5 chord surprisingly resolves up to a 6 chord instead of the tonic; it's often used to extend a phrase or create a "one more time" effect.

Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington

In The Swing Era, Gunther Schuller claims this musician's recording of "Slippery Horn" was the first to feature a trombone trio, made possible by the addition of Lawrence Brown to his band.

Italy

In a 1976 animated film parody from this country, Sibelius's Valse triste ("vahlss TREEST") plays as a cat wanders the ruins of a large house. Following the success of Finlandia, Sibelius started his Symphony No. 2 while vacationing in this country.

Johann Strauss II

In a more famous work by this man, a flute enters to represent the "song of the bluebirds" and is followed by a solo on the zither.

Don Giovanni

In this opera, Masetto's rage is repeatedly calmed by Zerlina, who sings "La ci darem la mano" with the protagonist, who describes an upcoming party in his "Champagne Aria."

Don Giovanni

In this opera, Ottavio and Anna conspire for revenge, and Leporello sings the "Catalogue Aria" about the conquests of his master, who is dragged to hell by the statue of the Commendatore.

Das Lied von der Erde

In this work, the English horn adds a dissonant note to the final chord played by the trombones after the repetition of the word ewig, which concludes a set of lines written by the composer.

Erik Satie

Inaddition to composing 7 Gnossienes, he named another set of compositions after an ancient Greek dance.For 10 points, name this French composer of 3 Gymnopédies.

A Love Supreme

John Coltrane briefly used multiphonics, the unusual sounding of multiple pitches at a time, on the song "Acknowledgement," one of four tracks on this album. Coltrane chanted this album's name, overdubbing himself afterwards, near the end of "Acknowledgement."

lutes

John Dowland wrote "Flow, my tears" for this string instrument with a deep round back. It is both etymologically and musically related to the Arabic oud.

Shostakovich's Thirteenth Symphony

Its second movement contains a setting of the poem "MacPherson Before his Execution" and a melody from Bartok's Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion.

Pathetique Symphony

Its second movement is described as a "limping waltz" and is written in 5/4 time.

Hector Berlioz's Requiem mass

Its seventh movement, which is based on an A-B flat-A motif, follows the only movement written in sonata form, the 9/8 time (*) Lacrimosa.

Moonlight Sonata

Its stormy final movement, which makes extensive use of sforzando notes and fast arpeggios, is marked "Presto (*) agitato."

Suite Bergamasque

Its third and most famous movement is named after a Paul Verlaine poem whose title translates as "Moonlight."

inventions

J. S. Bach wrote a set of thirty pieces of this type as keyboard exercises for his students. In the collection, these pieces came in two- or three-part varieties, the latter of which were also called sinfonias.

Symphony no. 1

Jean Sibelius's symphony of this number is in the key of E minor, begins with a clarinet solo over a timpani roll, and ends with two pizzicato chords.

violin

Jean-Marie Leclair was a composer of sonatas and concertos for this instrument.

guitar

Joaquín Rodrigo's Concierto de Aranjuez ("kon-see-AIR-toh de AH-rahn-wezz") is the most well-known concerto for what instrument prominent in Spanish classical music?

trumpet

Johann Hummel's concerto for it is played in either E Major or E Flat Major and contains an allegro con spirito first movement, while Joseph Haydn wrote a concerto for it in E flat that plays upon a Sicilian style melody.

Paganini's Caprices

Johannes Brahms and Witold Lutoslawski composed variations on the last one, which inspired a Rachmaninoff concertante work.

musical instruments

Name these things classified by the Hornbostel-Sachs system and studied by organologists. They are more commonly categorized as "strings," "woodwinds," "brass," and "percussion."

Le Grand Macabre

Name this "anti-anti-opera" in which the prince of Hell, Nekrotzar, presides over chaotic events including Astradamors' killing of Mescalina and eventually shrinks into oblivion during a "mirror canon."

Peter and the Wolf

Name this "symphonic fairy tale" for orchestra and narrator by Sergei Prokofiev. The bouncy string section depicts the other title character of this work.

Robert "Bob" Moog ("mohg")

Name this American electronics engineer who designed a namesake family of instruments that Wendy Carlos popularized through her album Switched-On Bach.

Philip Glass

Name this American minimalist composer whose Portrait Trilogy of operas includes Einstein on the Beach.

Harry Burleigh

Name this American singer, composer, and vocal coach who created Six Plantation Melodies for Violin and Piano and hymns such as "In Christ There Is No East or West" while transmitting black musical traditions at the National Conservatory.

Josef Anton Bruckner (BROOK-ner)

Name this Austrian composer who suggested substituting his Te Deum (tay DAY-um) for the final movement of his Ninth Symphony, which was never completed because he spent so much time revising his earlier works.

Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 in C minor

Name this C minor symphony that opens with an iconic "short-short-short-LONG" motif, often referred to as "fate knocking at the door."

Finland

Name this European country home to Kaija Saariaho ("KYE-yah SAH-ree-ah-hoh") and the composer of the Lemminkäinen Suite, Jean Sibelius ("zhahn sih-BAY-lee-us").

Darius Milhaud

Name this French composer and member of Les Six who also wrote The Ox on the Roof.

Claude Debussy

Name this French composer of Children's Corner who wrote another piano suite called Suite Bergamasque, whose third movement is "Clair de lune."

Leningrad

Shostakovich had earlier named his Seventh Symphony after this city, which had been renamed in 1924, shortly after the death of the man who had led the storming of its Winter Palace.

Wozzeck ("VOT-sek")

Shostakovich vehemently denied that this opera, then extremely popular among the Petersburg audience, influenced his composition. The song "Poor folk like us!" is sung by the title soldier of this Alban Berg opera based on a play by Georg Büchner ("GAY-org BYOOK-ner").

(Chesney Henry) "Chet" Baker

Since his trumpet had been stolen, this West Coast jazz musician's album Baby's Breeze primarily features him playing the flugelhorn. This musician's greatest commercial success came for a vocal album titled [he] Sings.

Rigoletto

That character in this opera inspires another to contemplate his name in the aria "Caro nome" before she is kidnapped by a chorus of courtiers and the blindfolded protagonist.

Rigoletto

That character in this opera sings of his beloved in "Parmi veder le lagrime" and of a life of pleasure in "Questa o quella".

George Gershwin

That chord progression appears in this one of this man's songs which appears in his musicals Girl Crazy and Crazy for You.

Hector Berlioz

This composer depicted the love serenade of a mountaineer in a slow English horn melody doing a call and response with an oboe in the third movement of Harold in Italy.

Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky

This composer exclaimed "What a pity!" after the intended soloist of his Violin Concerto said "no"when asked if he could handle the E to top A chord that opened each movement.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

This composer generally modeled himself on Mozart rather than Beethoven, but his Symphony No. 4 opens with a so-called "fate" motif. His Symphony No. 1 is called "Winter Dreams."

Arthur Honegger

This composer identified one of his pieces as an exercise in "mathematical acceleration of rhythm, while theactual motion of the piece slowed down."

Einojuhani Rautavaara

This composer included "Kopsin Jonas" and "Pirun Polska" in a piano suite based on a collection of folk tunes by Samuel Rinda-Nicola, The Fiddlers.

Felix Mendelssohn

This composer included a passage beginning "Oh for the Wings of a Dove" in a setting of Psalm 55popular in Victorian England, Hear My Prayer.

Paul Hindemith

This composer included a poem by Holty in a work dedicated to Clelia Gatti-Aldrovandi, his Harp Sonata.

Ralph (rafe) Vaughan Williams

This composer inserted the (*) folk tune "Lovely Joan" into the middle of one work and set several Walt Whitman poems to music in his first symphony.

Olivier Messiaen

This composer is best-known for a work that he wrote for violin, cello, clarinet, and piano during his imprisonment by German soldiers during WWII.

Claude-Achille Debussy

This composer of "Serenade of the Doll," "Doctor Gradus ad Parnassum," and "Golliwog's Cakewalk" wrote a piece that takes its title from a Verlaine poem about moonlight and adapted a Mallarme poem about a flute-playing forest god into an orchestral tone poem.

Arnold Schoenberg

This composer of A Survivor from Warsaw based that other work on a Richard Dehmel poem.

Arnold Schoenberg

This composer of A Survivor from Warsaw used serialism, a technique developed by this composer to ensure all twelve tones of a musical composition are used with equal significance.

Erik Satie

This composer of Acant-dernieres pensees wrote a work for solo piano that parodies hunting and parlor songs and suggests melancholy crustaceans and sea cucumbers.

Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky

This composer of CanticumSacrum used a "barking E minor triad" to open the "Exaudi" movement of a work written for the 50thanniversary of the Boston Symphony.

Joaquin Rodrigo Vidre

This composer of Concerto for a Gentleman evoked the image of young musicians wandering down a street in a concerto written for Nicanor Zabaleta, for whom he also created a harp reworking of his best known work.

Franz Peter Schubert

This composer of Die Winterreise also composed a 9th symphony in C major that is contrasted to his "Little" 6th symphony in the same key.

Richard Georg Strauss

This composer of Don Quixote composed a tone poem with a large ratchet in its percussion section.

Olivier Messiaen

This composer of Illuminations of the Beyond wrote the "Tristan" trilogy, whose second part is a symphony in which the statue, flower, and love themes recur in its ten movements.

Georg Friedrich Händel

This composer of Judas Maccabeus was commissioned by George I to write a set of three suites to be played near the Royal Barge as he travelled down the Thames.

Darius Milhaud

This composer of La Cheminée du Roi René drew on American sources like Billy Arnold's Novelty Jazz Band in a polytonal ballet containing African gods like Nkwa, Mebere, and Nzame.

Paul Hindemith

This composer of Ludus Tonalis also wrote an opera about Matthias Grünewald, which was later converted into a symphony.

John Adams

This composer of Naïve and Sentimental Music opened another of his pieces with the word "missing" repeated over and over as a soundscape of pre-recorded music of traffic and footsteps plays in the background.

Erik Satie

This composer of Parade created an orchestral work depicting dances in a whimsical manner, the ironically-titled Serious Fantasy.

Sir Edward Elgar

This composer of Salut (*) D'Amour and a Cello Concerto in E Minor also wrote an orchestral work that begins with an andante G minor theme in common time played by the violins and contains movements such as "Ysobel" and "Troyte."

Johann Sebastian Bach

This composer of St Matthew Passion also paired a D minor Toccata with another form and wrote six works for a certain German margrave.

Paul Hindemith

This composer of Symphonia Serena also wrote a piece whose second movement uses a "Chinese" flute that repeats a melody eight times and is based off of another composer's incidental music to the play Turandot.

Charles Ives

This composer of The Unanswered Question also wrote another orchestral work which depicts "The Housatonic at Stockbridge" and "The 'St. audens' in Boston Common."

Charles Edward Ives

This composer of Two Contemplations left unfinished his Universe Symphony, though he is best known for a work that depicts The "St. Gaudens" in Boston Common and The Housatonic at Stockbridge.

Heitor Villa-Lobos

This composer of Uirapuru and Choros is perhaps best known for a work originally scored for soprano and a cello choir, which is the fifth work in a set which adapts the techniques of a German baroque composer to the melodies of his native country in Latin America.

Leonard Bernstein (BURN-styne)

This composer of West Side Story hosted the Young People's Concerts.

Franz Peter Schubert

This composer of a "Great" symphony and the Trout Quintet is also known for his 8th symphony in B minor, which consists of two movements.

Aaron Copland

This composer of a Short Symphony and a clarinet concerto for Benny Goodman wrotea patriotic piece often played at presidential inaugurations.

Igor Stravinsky

This composer of a neoclassical Symphony in C also wrote the single-movement Symphonies of Wind Instruments as a memorial to Claude Debussy and omitted violins from his Symphony of Psalms.

Gustav Holst

This composer of a pair of suites for Military Band had an extra movement added by Colin Matthews to his most famous work, which used two women's choruses for a movement subtitled "the Mystic."

Josquin des Prez

This composer of an elegy for (*) Ockeghem composed the most famous setting of the chanson Adieu mes amours, and also wrote a popular Miserere inspired by the execution of Savonarola.

Gustav Holst

This composer of the (*) Brook Green Suite used his home of Thaxted to title a hymn extracted from another work to fit the words "I vow to thee, my country."

Edward William Elgar

This composer of the Cello Concerto in E Minor depicted the title character's stutter in the "Dorabella" movement and the inspiration of his friend Augustus Jaeger in the "Nimrod" movement of a piece with a "hidden theme."

Josquin des Prez ("joe-SCAN deh-PRAY")

This composer of the Franco-Flemish school used several mensuration canons in his Missa L'homme armé super voces musicales, the first of two masses that this composer wrote based on the melody "L'homme armé" ("LUM ar-MAY").

Felix Mendelssohn

This composer of the Scottish Symphony dedicated book two of his Songs Without Words to his sister Fanny.

Richard Strauss

This composer opened a work with a descending B flat minor scale for the bassoon, each note of which is held out by the orchestra.

Samuel Osborne Barber II

This composer orchestrated a short prose piece by (*) James Agee in his Knoxville: Summer of 1915 and arranged his most famous work from the second movement of his String Quartet, Opus 11; that work was broadcast over the TV at the announcement of JFK's death.

Arthur Honegger

This composer quoted the waltz from Gounod'sFaust in the funeral march of a ballet on which he collaborated with (*) Georges Auric.

Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff

This composer recovered from the psychological breakdown that followedthe failure of his first symphony and later wrote a work whose beginning section depicts the movement of oars in thewater.

Ottorino Respighi

This composer set Renaissance lute pieces to music in his Ancient Airs and Dances.

Erik Satie

This composer slid paper between piano strings to give the instrument a more mechanical sound for TheSting of the Jellyfish in what is perhaps the first formal use of a prepared piano.

Franz Liszt

This composer used (*) Lamartine's poetry for one work, and he used theGregorian dies irae as the melodic basis for his Totentanz.

Samuel Osmond Barber

This composer used text by James Agee for Knoxville: Summer 1915 while another of his works began asthe middle section of his String Quartet in B minor.

Charles Gounod ("sharl goo-NOH")

This composer used the first prelude from The Well-Tempered Clavier to create his version of Ave Maria. He also wrote the opera Faust.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

This composer used the key of G minor for his String Quartet No. 4, and also used that key for a symphony which begins its fourth movement with the (*) "Mannheim Rocket," much like his Serenade No. 13 for strings in G major.

Gyorgy Ligeti

This composer used the text of Louis Carroll poetry in "Two Dreams and Little Bat," which, along with "Lobster Quadrille" is included in a set of works that he composed for the King's Singers, his Nonsense Madrigals.

Henry Purcell

This composer utilized a quartet of Flatt trumpets for a march in another work.

Maurice Ravel

This composer was a member of the Apaches, or "hooligans" and dedicated each movement, such as Noctuelles and Alborada del gracioso from one of his solo piano suites to his fellow "musical outcasts."

Paul Hindemith

This composer was a player of the viola d'amour; its influence can be seen in opus 46, which is essentially a concerto for that instrument.

Georges Bizet

This composer was a student of Charles Gounod (goo-NOH) when he wrote his Symphony in C, which he suppressed due to similarities with his teacher's Symphony in D. He wrote the opera Carmen.

Sir Edward William Elgar, 1st Baronet

This composer who often composed at the Brinkwells country house wrote a Serenade for Stringsin E minor.

Richard Strauss

This composer wrote Ein Heldenleben and An Alpine Symphony as well as a work with sections like "The Convalescent" and "Song of the Night Wanderer" which begins with C, G, C in the brass; that work opens the film 2001: A Space Odyssey.

Leoš Janáček

This composer wrote a Capriccio featuring piano for the left hand for pianist Otakar Hollmann, who had lost his right in World War I.

Dmitri Shostakovich

This composer wrote a D, E flat, C, B motif, a musical monogram of his name, into the allegretto 3rd movement of his Symphony No. 10 as well as into the entirety of his String Quartet No. 8.

Samuel Osmond Barber

This composer wrote a G major chord for the piano to introduce a melody in the first movement of aFels-commissioned Violin Concerto.

Giuseppe Verdi's Messa da Requiem

The soprano solo in this non-operatic work was written specifically for Teresa Stolz.

serenade

The theme G, D G, D G D G B high D opens Mozart's thirteenth and last work in this genre, Eine Kleine Nachtmusik.

Chile

The theme of The People United Will Never Be Defeated is based on a socialist anthem by Sergio Ortega and Quilapayún (KEE-lah-pah-YOON), who, alongside Violeta Parra and Victor Jara (HAH-rah), were part of this country's nueva canción (n'WAY-vah kon-see-OWN) movement.

Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 2

The third movement is an orchestral adaptation of the song "St. Anthony's Sermon to the Fish," while the fourth is a setting of "Urlicht," both from Des Knaben Wunderhorn.

clarinet

The third movement of Leonard Bernstein's Prelude, Fugue, and Riffs contains a notable solo part for this instrument.

Hector Berlioz

The third movement of another work begins with a Ranzdes Vaches with an English horn and an offstage oboe doing a call-and-response; that work's first movement,"Reveries - Passions" introduces the idee fixe.

Achille-Claude Debussy

The third movement of his Suite Bergamasque is based on a Verlaine poem whose title translates as "moonlight."

Béla Bartók

The third movement of one of his works begins and ends with a xylophone solo and features unusual glissandi for timpani.

string quartets of Joseph Haydn

The third movement of one of these works by this man features astrict canon and is nicknamed Hexenmenuett.

symphonies by Johannes Brahms

The third movement of the first one of these works by this composer features a flute, clarinet, and bassoon trio.

symphonies by Johannes Brahms

The third of these works repeats the theme F-A-F flat in tribute to "free but lonely," the motto of (*) Joseph Joachim.

Johannes Brahms

The third symphony of this composer is based on the motif F-A-flat-F, to symbolize his own motto, "Frei, aber froh."

parallel keys

The three basic transformations are L, for leading-tone, R, for relative, and P, which refers to this term for major and minor keys that share a tonic. Thus, the P transformation changes G major to G minor and vice versa.

violin concerto

The three movements of Glazunov's only work in this genre are meant to be played without breaks in-between.

Alban Berg

The title character of another opera by this man has a husband who dies of a heart attack upon seeing his wife having an affair with her portrait painter.

Benjamin Britten

The title character of one of his operas is defended by Ellen Orford and commits suicide after his apprentice John falls off a cliff in a work that contains "Four Sea Interludes."

Giacomo Puccini

The title character of that opera by this composer is sent to Louisiana, where she is overcome by despair in the aria "Sola, perduta, abbandonata!" and dies in Des Grieux's arms.

Rigoletto

The title character of this opera fears the curse put upon him by Count Monterone, and hires the assassin Sparafucile to help him murder the rakish nobleman that seduced his daughter Gilda.

Jean-Baptiste Lully or Giovanni Battista Lulli

The title figure of his most famous work sings the recitative "Enfin, il est en ma puissance" after capturing Renaud, upon whom she casts a love spell.

Charles Ives

The title page of the score for this composer's piano trio notes it is for "for nice bad boys!!"

double bass or string bass or contrabass

The track "So What" features Paul Chambers playing this instrument.

Second Viennese School

The twelve-tone row was mainly used by this musical school. Known for their chromatic expressionism, this group of composers included Alban Berg and Anton Webern.

Das Lied von der Erde

The very end of the score for this piece is marked Gazlich esterbend and features a celesta and harp framing the chanting of the word "ewig."

Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 2

The words "O red rose!" open this work's fourth movement in which a Jewish melody accompanies a mezzo-soprano soloist.

Sir Harrison Birtwistle

The year concluded with the premiere of this composer's saxophone concertante work, Panic. It was performed in the second half of the Last Night of the Proms to an estimated television audience of 100 million.

piano concertos by Sergei Vasielievich Rachmaninoff

Their composer wrote two versions of the (*) cadenza in the Allegro ma non tanto first movement of the third of these works: One an ossia version dominated by massive chords, the other a lighter version used in the premiere.

Nocturne

There is debate among musicologists as to whether John Field actually invented this musical genre. Regardless, his eighteen pieces in this genre, inspired by night time, heavily influenced similar works by Chopin.

preludes

These compositions and fugues comprise a 24 volume collection that was written for every major and minor key in Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier.

The Four Seasons

These compositions were accompanied by four sonnets possibly authored by their composer, the Red Priest.

Neumes

These marks developed in medieval Europe as a means of preserving inflections in plainchant, and were later employed to show the shape of a melody. Examples of these marks include the punctum and the scandicus.

string quartets

These pieces include "From My Life," which was written by Bedrich Smetana.

John Adams

This composer called some of his pieces "travelling music," because they give the distinct impression of a shifting landscape.

Robert Alexander Schumann

This composer co-founded the Neue Zeitschrift für Musik, a Leipzig-based publication.

Leoš Janáček

This composer conducted intense study and cataloging of Slavic folk music with František Bartoš, which may have helped him compose his Glagolitic Mass.

Ludwig van Beethoven

This composer dedicated his 14th string quartet to Baron von Stutterheim, who took in his nephew and ward, Karl, after an attempted suicide.

Frederic Chopin

This composer dedicated his Cello Sonata in G Minor to Auguste Franchomme, with whom he had collaborated to write a Grand Duo concertant for cello and piano.

Frederic Chopin

This composer dedicated two sets of twelve etudes, the first of which includes his "Revolutionary" etude, to his friend Franz Liszt and Liszt's mistress Marie d'Agoult, respectively.

Richard Georg Strauss

This composer, who is not Fauré, wrote incidental music to Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme.

Das Lied von der Erde

This composition ends with Der Abschied and opens with lyrics that repeatedly intone "Dark is life, so is death."

John Coltrane

This creator of the album Live at (*) Birdland led a quartet that for five years included pianist McCoy Tyner.

Pablo Casals

This earlier cellist popularized his country's "Carol of the Birds." He recorded Bach's six suites for his instrument between 1936 and 1939.

Mysterium

This enigmatic unfinished piece by Scriabin (skree-a-bin) was originally meant to be played by an orchestra and a chorus during a week-long ascent of the Himalayas. Alexander Nemtin transcribed the prelude to this piece entitled "Prefatory Action."

Wagner tuba

This eponymously-named instrument's unique sound is produced via its conical bore, and it was first conceived to be used in the opera Der Ring des Nibelung. Despite its name, horn players usually play this instrument when it is called for.

Erik Satie

This firstmodern composer to use barless notation helped form Nouveaux Jeunes, the forerunners of Les Six.

Gustav Holst

This friend of Vaughan Williams included his own arrangement of Greensleeves in the movement 'Fantasia on the Dargason' from his second Suite in F for Military Band. He later arranged that movement in a suite written for a girls' school string orchestra.

Paul Dukas (dyoo-KAHSS)

This highly self-critical composer published his Symphony in C, but destroyed all sketches of a planned second symphony. He wrote the ballet La Péri (pay-REE) and the opera Ariadne and Bluebeard.

French horn

This instrument introduces the "walk by night" melody in the second movement of Mahler's Seventh Symphony.

violincellos

This instrument is the soloist in Tchaikovsky's Variations on a Rococo Theme and Max Bruch's (*) Kol Nidrei.

clarinet

This instrument joins a string quartet and piano in Prokofiev's Overture on Hebrew Themes.

trumpet

This instrument plays a solo in the opening promenade of Ravel's orchestration of Pictures at an Exhibition.

clarinet

This instrument plays a solo in the third movement of Ottorino Respighi's Pines of Rome.

bassoon

This instrument plays the ad lib. opening melody C with fermata, B with mordent, G, E, C, B in The Rite of Spring before other woodwinds join in.

flutes

This instrument plays the first two bars of "A Mighty Fortress Is Our God" alone in the finale of the Reformation Symphony. Two of them introduce the saltarello theme in the Italian Symphony and the main theme of the scherzo in A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Oboe

This instrument voices the duck in Peter and the Wolf, and it shares a common origin with the English Horn and Bassoon.

clarinet

This instrument, which plays the solo in John Adams's Gnarly Buttons, was performed by Woody Herman, who commissioned Stravinsky's Ebony Concerto for this instrument.

Les preludes

This is Liszt's third symphonic poem, although it was the first piece on which he applied that label. It uses music from The Four Elements and derives its program from an ode by Alphonse de Lamartine.

Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 2

This is the only complete work that Gilbert Kaplan conducts.

The Little Sweep

This is the second part of Britten's Let's Make an Opera! series for children, framed by a story of children writing their own opera. In it, the rich Crome children smuggle the title character in a trunk to freedom.

Hector Berlioz's Requiem mass

This lengthy piece was commissioned to commemorate soldiers who died during the July Revolution, explaining its formal title, Grande Messe des morts.

Charles "Bird" Parker, Jr.

This longtime collaborator of Dizzie Gillespie helped to develop the bebop style.

Arnold Schoenberg

This man also composed a work in which the title character uses (*) Sprechstimme to display his angst over his inability to remove a moonspot from his body.

Heitor Villa-Lobos

This man also composed music for a ballet based on legends about the Musician Wren.

Philip Glass

This man also composed the score for a film by Godfrey Reggio which consists of time-lapse and slow-motion footage of traffic patterns and clouds among others.

Herbert Jeffrey Hancock

This man collaborated with Gambian kora player Foday Musa Suso on Jazz Africa.

Darius Milhaud

This man collaborated with the poet Paul Claudel on his Oresteian trilogy, which included scenes like "Presages" and "Vocifération funèbre" in Les Choéphores.

George Gershwin

This man composed a 32-bar A-A-B-A chord progression seen in Rollins' "Oleo" and Monk's "Rhythm-A-Ning" known as "rhythm changes."

Franz Peter Schubert

This man composed a C major fantasy for solo piano so difficult that he said "the devil may play it" and a song cycle based off of 24 poems by Wilhelm Müller.

Maurice Ravel

This man composed a minute-and-a-half-long minuet on the centenary of Haydn's death.

Robert Schumann

This man composed works such as "Warte, warte, wilder Schiffmann" (VAHR-te, VAHR-te, VIL-der SHIFF-mahn), "Auf einer Burg," and "Wehmut" (VAY-moot) during his "Year of Song."

Dmitri Shostakovich

This man condemned the Nazi invasion of his home country with his Leningrad Symphony.

triple time or meter

This meter is sometimes marked by the Italian "di quarta in quarta."

first movement of Brahms's Violin Concerto in D major

This movement from a certain Brahms concerto in D major is often performed with the cadenza by Joseph Joachim (YO-zef YO-ah-kim) that was used at the premiere.

Niccolò Paganini

This musician commissioned Harold in Italy after acquiring a new viola. This man also composed a piece which inspired Franz Liszt's La Campanella étude.

Alison Balsom

This musician performed Haydn's trumpet concerto at the Last Night of the Proms in 2009. She was awarded an OBE in 2016, and she gave the world premiere of James MacMillan's Seraph.

Charles "Bird" Parker, Jr.

This musician was inspired by Ray Noble's "Cherokee" to write his (*) "Ko-Ko," which is considered to be the first recorded tune in its style.

John Coltrane

This musician's namesake chord progression begins with a cycle of ascending major thirds, and is featured on such songs as "Moment's Notice" and "Lazy Bird".

Ella Jane Fitzgerald

This musician's signature style was displayed on the song "(If You Can't Sing It) You'll Have to Swing It (Mr. Paganini)."

I Pagliacci

This opera's protagonist, Canio, sings the aria "Vesti la Giubba" as he puts on his costume at the end of Act I.

Symphony from the New World

This orchestral composition was premiered by Anton Seidl at Carnegie Hall in 1893.

The Planets

This orchestral suite by Holst depicts celestial bodies and includes movements subtitled "The Bringer of War" and "The Mystic."

Steve Reich

This other Pulitzer prize winner and current Carnegie Hall's composer-in-residence celebrated his eightieth birthday with the world premiere of his piece Pulse. He is best known for composing Different Trains and Music for 18 Musicians.

Inventions and Sinfonias

This other pedagogical collection by Bach has a prefatory note describing it as "straightforward instruction." It consists of thirty pieces, arranged in two groups of fifteen in order of ascending key.

La Monte Young

This other piano composer used free time for his five hour unfinished magnum opus, The Well-Tuned Piano. This minimalist also founded the Theatre of Eternal Music, whose members included Terry Riley and John Cale.

Clifford Jordan

This other saxophonist chanted John Coltrane's name on a track titled for him, featured on his album Glass Bead Games. This saxophonist's first album was a legendary session with John Gilmore called Blowing in from Chicago.

Knoxville: Summer 1915

This other work by Barber for voice and orchestra begins by naming the people present in the title location, and was based on a short prose work by James Agee about his hometown in Tennessee.

Coriolan Overture

This overture was written to accompany a tragedy by Heinrich Joseph Von Collin. The opening C minor theme of this piece, representing the protagonist's resolve, contrasts with an E major theme representing his mother.

Thelonious Monk

This performer frequently used dissonance and often played with a percussive banging on the keys of his instrument.

Vladimir Horowitz

This pianist made the first recording of Rachmaninoff's third piano concerto. Just after arriving in the US in 1928, this pianist asked to meet Rachmaninoff, his personal hero.

Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6, Op. 74 or "Pathétique"

This piece calls for a tam-tam ad libitum which is only struck once, near the end of the finale.

Also sprach Zarathustra

This piece includes a 12/8 rhythm of forte notes for thetimpani to separate three repetitions of a (*) fanfare.

War Requiem

This piece premiered one night after the opera King Priam, and its penultimate movement features the request Dona Nobis Pacem while the tenor describes a roadside crucifix.

Beethoven's Symphony No. 6 in F major, Opus 68

This piece uses winds to represent birds, while its fourth movement "Thunderstorm" separates a "Merry gatheringof country people" and a "Shepherds' song."

Finlandia

This piece was composed for the 1899 Press Celebrations, as part of the finale to six pieces conducted by Robert Kajanus.

Finlandia

This piece was the basis for the hymn "Be still my soul," and its music is the same as that of Biafra's National Anthem.

Beethoven's Symphony No. 6 in F major, Opus 68

This piece's F minor fourth movement begins with two bars of tremolo Ds in the low strings before thesecond violin enters with a series of pianissimo staccato eighths; that movement is the only one with a timpanipart.

Harold in Italy

This piece's commissioner sent the composer a letter telling him to request 20,000 francs from the Baron de Rothschild because, "Beethoven being dead, only [you] can make him live again."

Symphony from the New World

This piece's scherzo was inspired by the dance of the Pau-Puk Keewis, which was recycled from the composer's abortive opera on "The Song of Hiawatha."

Beethoven's Symphony No. 6 in F major, Opus 68

This piece, despite its number, was the (*) first in the programof a concert at the Theater an der Wien where its composer also premiered his previous work of the same type.

piccolo

This reedless woodwind instrument accompanies the main theme in Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 in the section labelled "Alla Marcia." The trio section of "Stars and Stripes Forever" also features a fast-paced solo from this instrument.

Alma Rosé

This renowned concert violinist conducted the Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz. Portrayed by Jane Alexander in Arthur Miller's Playing for Time, she was the niece of Gustav Mahler.

Water Music

This work introduced the use of french horns to english orchestra, and it includes sections titled "Bourree" and "Alla Hornpipe."

1812 Overture

This work opens with a sextet comprised of two violas and four celli playing the plaintive Troparion of the Holy Cross, in E Flat Major, which represent its heroics.

Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 2

This work opens with the high strings playing tremolo G's against scurrying cellos and basses marked "wild," and the score specifies that the first movement should be followed by a break of at least 5 minutes.

Das Lied von der Erde

This work sets to music several of Hans Bethge's translations of poems by Li Bo.

Giuseppe Verdi's Messa da Requiem

This work took parts from a Libera me that was originally part of a collaborative piece in honor of the death of Rossini.

Symphony No. 9 in E minor

This work was the basis for the spiritual "Goin' Home," while the first movement contains a theme based on "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot."

War Requiem

This work was written for the reconstruction of Coventry Cathedral and incorporates Latin texts and the poetry of Wilfred Owen.

Iberia

This work's F minor Polo piece is to be played "in the spirit of a sob," while the left hand must complete a challenging alternation between 3/4 and 6/8 time in the middle of its second section, which concludes with the F-sharp Triana.

Symphony No. 9 in E minor

This work's first movement begins in a 4/8 adagio but then shifts to a 2/4 allegro molto when the French horn introduces this work's central theme which is reprised in all of its movements.

Mahler's Symphony No. 8 in E flat Major

This work's first movement opens with the tonic E flat chord played by the organ followed by the singing of the hymn (*) "Veni Creator Spiritus."

Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 2

This work's scherzo opens with several pairs of G-C timpani strokes, which then give way to a steady stream of constant sixteenth notes.

Das Lied von der Erde

This work's second movement is called "The Lonely One in Autumn," and its sixth, final, and longest movement is "The Farewell."

Das Lied von der Erde

This work's second movement opens with the marking "Ermüdet" and features hushed strings under an oboe solo to evoke winds in a certain season.

Giuseppe Verdi's Messa da Requiem

This work's second section begins with four hammer-like chords followed by brass chords on the on-beats and ffff bass drum on the (*) off-beats, giving off the impression of thunder and lightning.

Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 2

This work's third movement is extensively quoted in the third movement of Luciano Berio's Sinfonia and climaxes with a "cry of despair".

George Frideric Handel

Those works, which included the aforementioned reworking of his F major organ concerto "The Cuckoo and the Nightingale," are known as the 12 Grand Concertos.

Ottorino Respighi

Though he is not Debussy, one suite by this composer ends with a lively dance inspired by the streets of Bergamo and opens with an adaptation of music from the ballet Nobiltà di Dame.

Robert Alexander Schumann

Though he's not Mahler, this composer compiled four books of Lieder und Gesänge.

string quartets

Though it is not a symphony, Joseph Haydn was said to be the father of this type of chamber work.

Johannes Brahms

Though not Cesar Franck, this composer of a Piano Quintet in F Minor and a Clarinet Quintet in B minor also composed two contrasting overtures of which he said "one laughs, the other cries."

Charles Ives

"Emerson" and "The Alcotts" are two movements of his Concord sonata.

1812 Overture

Around two minutes into this piece, the score is marked poco stringendo then poco piu mosso before the horns lead.

Sonny Rollins

Early in his career, thismusician was part of experimental usage of methadone as part of therapy for heroin addiction.

William Walton

Edith Sitwell poems are set to music in his his Façade.

Oboe

Edvard Grieg uses a solo for this instrument and flute to set up a Morning Mood in his incidental music to Henrik Ibsen's play Peer Gynt.

Johannes Brahms

For 10 points, identify this German composer of the Academic Festival Overture?

Franz Liszt

For 10 points, name this composer of the Mephisto Waltzes as well as the HungarianRhapsodies.

Gustav Holst

For 10 points, name this composer of the St. Paul's Suite, best known for The Planets

Johannes Brahms

For 10 points, name this composer of two Clarinet Sonatas, four symphonies and the Academic Festival Overture.

Dmitri Shostakovich

For 10 points, name this composer of two Jazz Suites as well as the "Babi Yar" and "Leningrad" symphonies.

Einojuhani Rautavaara

For 10 points, name this composer who used birdsong in his Cantus Arcticus, most notable for hailing from Finland.

Spain

For 10 points, name this country, home to Isaac Albeniz and thecomposer of Love the Magician and The Three-Cornered Hat, Manuel de Falla, where a popular style of dance isflamenco.

string quartets

For 10 points, name this ensemble consisting of two violins, a viola, and a cello.

Piano trio

For 10 points, name this ensemble whose repertoire includes the "Archduke" one and the "Dumky" one, traditionally consisting of a violin, cello, and piano.

Giuseppe Verdi's Messa da Requiem

For 10 points, name this funeral mass created by the composer of Rigoletto.

The Four Seasons

For 10 points, name this group of violin concerti by Vivaldi, which represent summer, spring, autumn and winter.

Oboe

For 10 points, name this highest double reed instrument.

trumpet

For 10 points, name this highest pitched brass instrument.

Poland

For 10 points, name this home country of Witold Lutoslawski, Krzysztof Penderecki, and Frederic Chopin.

violin

For 10 points, name this instrument played by NiccolòPaganini, which is higher than the viola.

saxophone

For 10 points, name this jazz instrument played by Charlie Parker and John Coltrane.

Charles "Bird" Parker, Jr.

For 10 points, name this jazz musician who got his nickname from his works "Yardbird Suite" and "Ornithology," a saxophonist nicknamed "Bird."

trumpet

For 10 points, name this jazzinstrument played by Louis Armstrong.

A minor

For 10 points, name this key of the piano concertos of Robert Schumann and Edvard Grieg, the relative minor of C major, and therefore the minor key with no sharps or flats in its key signature.

Herbert Jeffrey Hancock

For 10 points, name this keyboard player equally adept at post-bopand jazz fusion styles, whose funk-inspired 1973 album Headhunters became the best-selling jazz album ofall time.

madrigals

For 10 points, name this kind of usually secular, through-composed sung poem most famously composed by Carlo Gesualdo and Claudio Monteverdi.

Arnold Schoenberg

For 10 points, name this leader of the Second Viennese School and composer of Transfigured Night and Pierrot Lunaire.

Francis Poulenc

For 10 points, name this member of Les Six who composed Les Biches, best known for the operas The Breast of Tiresias and Dialogue of the Carmelites.

Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky

For 10 points, name this member of the Mighty Five who composed Night on Bald Mountain and Pictures at an Exhibition.

Czech

For 10 points, name this nationality of Josef Suk, Leos Janacek, and Bedrich Smetana.

The Tales of Hoffmann

For 10 points, name this opera based on the stories of the title German Romantic writer, composed by Jacques Offenbach.

1812 Overture

For 10 points, name this orchestral work which calls for cannon shots, composed in anniversary of the Russians defeating Napoleon by Peter Tchaikovsky.

Hector Berlioz's Requiem mass

For 10 points, name this orchestration of a Latin mass for the dead by the composer of Symphonie Fantastique.

Maurice Ravel

For 10 points, name this orchestrator of Pictures from an Exhibition, the composer of Gaspard de la Nuit and Bolero.

Symphonie Fantastique: Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste...en cinq parties

For 10 points, name this piece containing a recurring idée fixe representing Harriet Smithson, the most famous work of Hector Berlioz.

4'33''

For 10 points, name this piece whose three movements consist of the indication "Tacet," a John Cage composition that consists only of ambient sound for the title amount of time.

trumpet

Haydn wrote the first concerto for a chromatic version of this instrument, that Concerto in E-flat was written for a keyed version of this instrument.

Anton Bruckner

He used the "Deutscher Michel" figure in the scherzo of his Eighth Symphony.

Ralph (rafe) Vaughan Williams

He used the psalm tune "Why fum'th in fight" for another work, which he scored for a solo string quartet and two string orchestras.

Alban Berg

In one opera by this composer, the title character is told by his unfaithful lover that she would rather have a knife in her belly than his hands on her.

serenade

In one piece partially titled by this word, a melancholy waltz sprinkled by virtuosic passages, like arpeggios on C-sharp and G-sharp, recalls the street guitarists of Rio.

Giuseppe Verdi's Messa da Requiem

In one section of this work, offstage trumpets that begin very quietly are answered by the twelve brass players, three timpanis, and bass drum in an overall gradual crescendo that abruptly quiets before a bass solo.

Arnold Schoenberg

In one song by this composer, piccolo and clarinet, violin and cello, and the hands of the pianist are each paired in imitative counterpoint, which retrogrades when the title character turns around.

The Mikado; or The Town of Titipu

In one song in this work, Bach's "Great" Fugue in G minor is quoted to describe his music being interwoven with that of Spohr and Beethoven.

violin concertos or violin concerti

In one work in this form, an extended bassoon note ensures that there is no break between the first two movements.

waltzes

In one work of this type, the main melody is comprised of groups of two quarter notes between ascending long tones on E, B, C, and E; that Romanian work of this type was composed by Iosif Ivanovici.

George Frideric Handel

In response to pirated keyboard pieces issued under the name of Jean Roger of Amsterdam, this man released his own (*) Suites de Pieces pour le Clavecin.

piano sonatas of Ludwig van Beethoven

In the finale of one these works, a section marked Allegro risoluto features a tenth leap in the left hand and three trills leading to the tonic and subsequent seven-note scale figure, opening a triple fugue in B-flat.

French horn

In the first movement of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, this instrument introduces the second theme of the exposition by playing a "short-short-short-LONG" theme in E-flat major, as opposed to the tonic of C minor.

Franz Josef Haydn

In the first movement of one chamber work by this composer, the recapitulation begins after the key unusually modulates from C major to E minor.

symphonies by Jean Sibelius

In the first of these works, the finale opens with the violinsrepeating a melody that was first heard as an extended clarinet solo over timpani at the beginning of thefirst movement.

Johann Sebastian Bach

In the first part of one work by this composer, the chorales "O Mensch, bewein dein Sunde gross" and "O Lamm Gottes, unschuldig" serve as the cantus firmus.

The Four Seasons

In the first piece in this work, a violin solo represents a "song of the birds" while its second movement depicts a snoozing goatherd.

1812 Overture

In the middle of this piece, the flute and clarinet join over a tambourine accompaniment in a variation on the folk song "U vorot," and this work opens as cellos and violas imitate the chanting of priests.

clarinet

In the movement "The Cuckoo in the Depths of the Woods," the standard B-flat version of this instrument plays an ostinato over two pianos consisting of the notes C and A-flat. Carl Maria von Weber ("VAY-ber") wrote two concerti for this instrument.

timpani

In the original version of Grieg's PianoConcerto, they add to a horn crescendo by playing a namesake "roll."

The Mikado; or The Town of Titipu

In the song "As Some Day It May Happen", one character in this work rattles off his "little list" of people he will dispose of as Lord High Executioner.

symphonies by Johannes Brahms

In the third of these works, the cellos play a C-D-E flat, G-F-D flat theme that is repeated by the French horns.

Pope Marcellus Mass

In their debut recording, the Tallis Scholars performed this ordinary mass alongside Allegri's Miserere. The Vatican supposedly decided that polyphony was worth saving in the Council of Trent after hearing this mass.

William Walton

In this composer's most notable peace, the chorus rejoices after yelling the word "slain!" "Lullaby for Jumbo" and "Through Gilded Trellises" are two sections of one work by this composer of Variations on A Theme by Hindemith.

celesta ("suh-LESS-tuh")

In this idiophone, hammers strike a set of steel bars atop wooden resonators. Bartók wrote Music for Strings, Percussion, and this small keyboard instrument, which sounds similar to a glockenspiel.

Gustav Holst

In this man's most notable orchestral work, he reincorporates sections from his Phantastes Suite, at least according to this composer's daughter Imogen.

Johann Strauss II

In this man's most well known work, which opens with gently rising E major triads against tremolo strings, a steady pulse represents the flow of the titular river.

Peter Grimes

In this most famous Benjamin Britten opera, the title character is a small-town sailor who is thrown into disgrace and commits suicide after two of his apprentices die at sea.

antiphony ("an-TIFF-uh-nee")

In this musical texture, two or more groups alternate the melody and harmony in a call-and-response. Giovanni Gabrieli composed many works in this texture due to the unique structure of Venice's St. Mark's Basilica.

4'33''

Its original performer marked the beginning of this piece by closing the lid of the piano.

Piano trio

Ludwig van Beethoven wrote seven of these compositions; his fifth gained the nickname "Ghost" while the seventh was dedicated to Archduke Rudolph of Austria.

Richard Strauss

Luigi Denza successfully sued this composer for incorporating Denza's song "Funiculi, Funicula" in the last movement of one of his tone poems.

Notre Dame School

Léonin was an early member of this group of French medieval composers named after a Parisian Cathedral. This group represented the early stages of ars antiqua.

timpani

Name these instruments, two of which "duel" on opposing sides of the stage by playing tritones before a "glorioso" coda in a certain symphony.

tone row

Name these non-repetitive orderings of pitches. Schoenberg developed the twelve-note variety of these structures.

flowers

Name these objects that Lakmé and her servant Mallika gather by a river while singing a lush duet in Act 1 of a French Romantic opera set in British India.

piano pedals

Name these objects that dampen or modify the sound that pianos can produce. Modern pianos usually include three of these objects, which are called "soft," "sostenuto," and "sustain."

sonatas

Name these piano pieces. One in C-sharp minor is called the "moonlight" work of this type.

Préludes by Debussy

Name these set of 24 works for solo piano by Debussy that include "Footsteps in the Snow" and "The Girl with the Flaxen Hair."

Songs Without Words

Name these short piano pieces. One of them is a presto entitled "Spinnerlied" (SHPIN-er-leed), or "Spinning Song."

Richard Strauss

Near the end of a work written for 23 strings, this composer quotes the funeral march from the Eroica Symphony.

Achille-Claude Debussy

One of his pieces features an opening flute solo that descends a tritone below the original note.

Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky

One of his song cycles features a Trepak in which a peasant thinks of summertime while freezing in a blizzard.

Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns

One of his symphonies begins with a D-flat major chord in the violins and viola, then an oboe melody that is echoed three bars later by the flutes.

Franz Josef Haydn

One of his symphonies is nicknamed for the addition of the (*) triangle, bass drum, and crash cymbals into the score.

Manuel de Falla

One of his works for orchestra features a second movement called "Distant Dance."

Robert Alexander Schumann

One of his works in A Minor opens with an energetic strike from the orchestra and is followed by a descending attack by the piano.

Heitor Villa-Lobos

One of his works includes a fugue titled "Conversation".

The Tales of Hoffmann

One of its acts begins with the courtesan Giulietta and the protagonist's friend Nicklausse singing the barcarolle "Belle nuit, ô nuit d'amour."

The Tales of Hoffmann

One of its characters periodically winds down and needs to be reset while singing her aria "Les oiseaux dans la charmille," also known as the "Doll Song."

jazz drums

One of the most famous men to play this instrument in jazz was Buddy Rich.

Thomas Tallis

One of the most famous recordings of the Miserere is by a British ensemble founded by Peter Phillips named for this Renaissance British composer of Spem in Alium.

Chopin's études

One of them contains only one note on a white key played by the right hand, and many of them have nicknames like "Waterfall" and "Revolutionary."

Brandenburg Concertos

One of these compositions begins in 3/8 time and is essentially a triple concerto for violin and two "flauti d'echo," with the violin playing the bass line at points.

violin concertos

One of these compositionswas dedicated to "the memory of an angel" while another was dedicated to the composer's friend Joseph Joachim.For 10 points, identify these works, which include D major ones by Tchaikovsky and Brahms, which are written fora string soloist and orchestra.

etudes of Frédéric François Chopin (prompt on partial answer; prompt on "studies," "Chopin's studies," or equivalents)

One of these works by a certain composer features only sixteenth-note arpeggios moving in similar motion, beginning with C minor and resolving in a fermata on a half-note C major chord.

Symphonies by Felix Mendelssohn

One of these works by this composer has an opening Sinfonia section that encompasses its first three movements and was responsible for the F Major setting of "Now Thank We All Our God."

Piano Sonatas by Charles Ives

One of these works by this composer twice contains the dizzying syncopation of playing six notes in the right hand while playing five in the left and uses a portion of the melody from Carl Foeppl's Ever of Thee.

Preludes by Frédéric Chopin

One of these works by this composer, in A major, features a pattern of three repeated chords, was compared to perfume floating through memory by Alfred Cortot, and inspired a set of variations by Federico Mompou.

Piano Sonatas by Charles Ives

One of these works is known as the (*) "Three Page" one.

Benjamin Britten

One of this composer's characters sings "the ceremony of innocence is drowned" with Miss Jessel and haunts Miles and the Governess.

Philip Glass

One of this composer's friends mistook the term "parts" to mean number of movements when he actually meant number of musical lines, leading to his three-hour work Music in Twelve Parts, composed several years after his Music in Similar Motion.

Leoš Janáček

One of this composer's orchestral works was dedicated to the armed forces of his nation and was written for the organizers of the (*) Sokol festival.

Georg Friedrich Händel

One of this composer's organ concerti, nicknamed "The Cuckoo and The Nightingale," was reworked into a part of a set of twelve concerti grossi that were designed to be played in between performances of his masques.

Georg Friedrich Handel

One of this composer's pieces was commissioned for a celebration commemorating the Peace of Aix-La-Chapelle.

Aaron Copland

One of this composer's symphonies was later adapted into a sextet for piano, clarinet,and string quartet, but received its premiere under the baton of Carlos Chavez.

Johann Strauss II

One of this composer's works contains a flute cadenza followed by a virtuoso zither solo, which reappears near the end of the piece.

Richard Strauss

One of this composer's works ends with a violin cantilena followed by a trumpet quotation of an opening three note motif from another of his works.

Dmitri Shostakovich

One of this composer's works has sections titled (*) "Little Polka" and "Lyric Waltz" as well as a famous ternary form "Waltz No. 2."

Ralph Vaughan Williams

One of this composer's works includes a violin solo arpeggiating the C minor triad over three octaves before ending in a three-bar decrescendo from fortissimo to quadruple piano on a G minor triad.

Ralph Vaughan Williams

One of this composer's works is for a string orchestra (*) split into three parts of different sizes, and his first symphony has a fourth movement called "The Explorers."

Johannes Brahms

One of this man's chamber works quotes the folk song "There in the Willows Stands a House" in the adagio movement and was explicitly written to include an instrument without valves.

Edvard Grieg

One of this man's collections begins with a piece named "Arietta" and includes a "March of the Dwarfs" as well as the popular "Remembrances."

piano concertos by Sergei Vasielievich Rachmaninoff

One work often included among these is a set of variations on the 24th violin caprice of another composer.

Oboe

One work that notably features this instrument is Haydn's Symphony No. 83.

Ella Fitzgerald

She released four albums in collaboration with the guitarist Joe Pass, but is more famous for her collaborations with Count Basie and Louis Armstrong.

trumpet

That artist is known for playing'screaming' with this instrument in the altissimo register and releasing the album Conquistidor.

waltzes

The A major andantino introduction to another work of this type includes a horn solo which plays the first instance of the (*) most famous melody along with the violins.

Richard Feynman

"Six Easy Pieces" is the abridged version of a collection of lectures by this Caltech physicist. This physicist won the Nobel for his work on quantum electrodynamics and names diagrams used to model particle interactions.

Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky

"The Old Castle" and "The Gnome" are among the movements of a piano work by this composer of Songs and Dances of Death; that work, which was orchestrated by Maurice Ravel, ends with "The Great Gate of Kiev."

The Tales of Hoffmann

.In one aria from this opera, the protagonist is in the midst of describing a figure whose "legs went clic-clac" when he is distracted by thoughts of a woman; that aria is the "Legend of Kleinzach."

the symphonies of Jean Sibelius

2011 saw the discovery of what are believed to be fragments for one of these whose draft was burned in the fireplace, while the most-performed of these works is the second, which is often associated with a call for independence from the Russians, a program the composer denied.

Leos Janacek

A "Starodavny" and "Pozezhnani" are two of his Lachian Dances, while his first string quartet was inspired by Tolstoy's novella Kreutzer Sonata.

cats

A "humorous duet" for two of these animals has been attributed to Rossini, but was likely written by Robert Lucas Pearsall. A G minor fugue by Domenico Scarlatti is popularly named after this animal.

Claude Debussy

A 1910 Budapest visit influenced this composer's last piece, a short 1917 violin sonata in a projected set of six sonatas he signed "musicien français" ("myoo-zeese-YANN fron-SAY"), including one for flute, viola, and harp. A cyclic motif unifies his String Quartet in G minor influenced by Grieg and premiered by the Ysaÿe Quartet.

Ella Jane Fitzgerald

A 1968 Berlin recording of "How High the Moon" by this musician blends its tune with Charlie Parker's "Ornithology" and incorporates "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" in its coda.

Milton Babbitt

A 1987 New York Times article compared Cage with this composer of the electronic pieces Philomel and Correspondences as "two extremes of avant-garde music." His own article "The Composer as Specialist" was edited to have the scandalous title "Who Cares if You Listen?"

Also sprach Zarathustra

A 3/4-time section of this work begins with clarinets and flutes alternately playing groups of sixteenth notesover another theme that alternates between the trumpet and violin parts; that section features a prominentviolin solo.

piano sonatas of Ludwig van Beethoven

A 43-bar coda concludes a movement opening with a C minor arpeggiation in one of these works which was dedicated to Giulietta Gucciardi and opens with the direction to play (*) "senza sordini."

Samuel Osborne Barber II

A 5/8 ostinato ends this man's piano concerto commissioned for the centenary of the founding of G. Schirmer Inc.

Charles-Camille Saint-Saens

A 6/4 andantino grazioso movement by this composer begins with arpeggiated G chords in the piano while the solo cello enters with a descending theme of G - F sharp - B. Zygmunt Stojowski said of this composer's (*) Piano Concerto No. 2 in G minor that "it begins with Bach and ends with Offenbach.

Frederic Chopin

A 6/8 work that alternates between F major and A minor is the second of a set of works by this composer of Fantasie-Impromptu based on the poetry of Adam Mickiewicz, his Ballades.

Brandenburg Concertos

A G-F sharp-G motif opens another of these pieces, which is bridged by merely two chords forming a half-cadence.

Joaquin Rodrigo Vidre

A Gil Evans and Miles Davis collection samples both de Falla's "Will o' the Wisp" and this man's best known work, inspired by the gardens at one of Philip II's palaces.

Aaron Copland

A Henry Wallacespeech provides the title for a piece he composed for Eugene Goossens and incorporated into the finale ofhis third symphony.

Transcendental Etudes

A Presto Furioso marking adorns the seventh one, named "Wild Hunt," while the final one is meant to evoke the repetitive pattern of falling snow.

pastorale

A cadenza in the second movement of the most famous piece of this name imitates birdcalls: the nightingale represented by the flute, the quail by the oboe, and the cuckoo by two clarinets, and contains movements titled "Thunderstorm" and "Scene by the Brook"

trumpet

A cadenzaon this instrument is followed by the entire band playing a chord in "West End Blues."

voicing

A chord always has the same notes, but a composer can decide how to space out the notes, which notes to double, and which instruments to give them to; that is known by this term. Another form of this term refers to independent strands in polyphonic music, distinguished on the same staff by opposite stem directions, whose smooth combination is called "leading."

A Survivor from Warsaw (by Arnold Schoenberg)

A composer who moved to Los Angeles to escape the Nazis wrote this cantata in memory of World War II victims. Its lyrics are mostly in English, with interjections in German, until it ends with a singing of the Shema.

Johann Strauss II

A composition by this man, named after the titular ruler, ends with the combined playing of a timpani and snare drum which is used to close out most of this man's compositions; that work is dedicated to Franz Joseph I.

Paul Hindemith (HIN-duh-mit)

A concerto for viola d'amore is the sixth entry in this composer's Kammermusik (KAH-muh-moo-zeek) series. His Ludus Tonalis contains a prelude, twelve fugues that alternate with interludes, and a postlude.

bassoon

A concerto in B-flat major by Mozart is one piece in its repertoire.

Johann Wolfgang Goethe

A different setting of this man's work to music is a work for piano and soprano and concludes with a B-flat major fortissimo ascent that evokes a meditation on a kiss.

preludes

A famous piece of this type begins with the notes A-G sharp-C sharp; that work by Rachmaninoff is in C sharp minor.

Don Giovanni

A female character in this opera sings "Ah, fuggi il traditor" to warn a woman who had earlier agreed to exist hand-in-hand and say "yes" in a duet.

Scheherazade

A final solo violin cadenza over harp, long high harmonic E's, the falling whole tones E D C B-flat, four chords quoting Mendelssohn's Midsummer Night's Dream, and an A minor-E major cadence peacefully end this tone poem by Rimsky-Korsakov as the title storyteller "wins over" Shahryar.

Pathetique Symphony

A fortissimo half diminished chord in A immediately follows a dynamic marking of (*) pppppp in the bassoon in its first movement.

Carmina Burana: Cantiones profanae cantoribus et choris cantandae comitantibus instrumentis atque imaginibus magicis

A four-measure movement in this piece consists entirely of whole notes in parts other than the solo soprano, who sings a long series of descending triplets and rising eighth notes with lyrics that translate as "My darling love, I give you all I have!"

1812 Overture

A fragment of "La Marseillaise" represents an approaching army, and this work is often paired with the same composer's Marche Slave, which like this piece quotes "God Save the Tsar."

Gustav Holst

A frequent inspiration for this composer was the scholar Helen Waddell, as with his 8 Canons, a setting of her work.

string quartets

A group of six of these compositions written for Nikolaus Esterhazy are the op. 20 of a composer, and they are known as the Sun ones.

Arnold Schoenberg

A harpsichord concerto of Georg Matthias Monn inspired this man's cello concerto.

Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky

A lyrical tenor solo singsfrom the Song of Songs in a piece intended to be played at St. Mark's Basilica.

Arnold Schoenberg

A method invented by him involves ordering the chromatic scale into a tone row.

Georg Friedrich Händel

A minuet from one of this composer's works in the key of D has an F-sharp-G-A-A-B-A-G-F-sharp theme.

Richard Strauss

A more famous one ends with the "Song of the Night Wanderer" and begins with the trumpet playing the motif of C-G-C.

dovetailing

A musical idea is handed over seamlessly from one instrument to another in this technique, similar to Klang·farben·melodie. Ravel used this technique in his orchestration of Miroirs (meer-WAHR), splitting up once-difficult piano passages by overlapping several instruments.

Poland

A nineteenth century composer from this country included a B flat minor funeral march in his second piano sonata, and wrote many other piano works, such as his 57 mazurkas.

Hector Berlioz's Requiem mass

A number of musicians hanging around after a scheduled performance of this piece were incorporated into the premiere of William Walton's Belshazzar's Feast.

1812 Overture

A parody of this work by PDQ Bach frequently quotes "Pop Goes the Weasel."

Claude-Achille Debussy

A piano suite by him opens with a piece imitating a Clementi etude, and ends with a piece that quotes Tristan und Isolde in its middle section and imitates ragtime in its outer sections.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

A poem by Lord Byron inspired this man's unnumbered Manfred Symphony.

violin concertos or violin concerti

A popular work in this form opens with a (*) Vorspiel first movement which flows into the second movement adagio.

John Williams

A quartet of Anthony McGill, Itzhak Perlman, Yo-Yo Ma, and Gabriela Montero performed this composer's Air and Simple Gifts at Barack Obama's first Inauguration in 2009. Dale Clevenger premiered this composer's horn concerto in 2003.

I Pagliacci

A recording by Enrico Caruso of one aria from this opera was the first record in history to sell a million copies.

Johann Pachelbel

A recording by Jean-François Paillard ("pie-YARR") popularized this German Baroque organist and composer's Canon in D.

Paganini's Caprices

A ricochet found in the middle of the ninth of these pieces separates the flute and the French horn.

Water Music

A section of this work called "Air" goes straight into the dotted eighth and sixteenth melody in the oboes and violin and includes a basso continuo part.

string quartets of Joseph Haydn

A set of variations in the second movement ofanother one is based on the melody from its composer's hymn "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser," betterknown as the theme of the "Deutschlandlied."

St. John's Night on Bald Mountain

A setting of a Gogol short story, this piece depictsan event on St. John's Day, despite its appearance in Fantasia connecting it to Halloween.

Johann Wolfgang Goethe

A setting of another of this man's works is in rondo form and features the lyrics "My Peace is Gone."

Lyric

A seven-movement musical titled after this word features baritone and soprano soloists against an orchestra and is the most famous work by the composer of Oscar Wilde-inspired operas like The Dwarf.

Marie Antoinette

After an affair in which his skin color kept him from directing the Paris Opera, Saint-Georges likely played in private with this pianist and royal. Haydn's fourth Paris symphony is nicknamed "the Queen" in honor of her.

four

After hearing about Clara Schumann's stroke, Brahms composed this many "serious" songs in anticipation of her death. A set of this many songs by Richard Strauss is often referred to as his "last" songs.

Herbie Hancock

After his stint with Davis, Bennie Maupin joined this musician's Mwandishi Sextet. His band the Headhunters recorded the fusion standards "Chameleon" and "Watermelon Man."

Leos Janacek

After much persuasion, this man was convinced by pianist Otakar Hollman to write a Capriccio for Piano Left-Hand and a Chamber Ensemble.

triple time or meter

Alban Berg used this time signature in the second section of his Violin Concerto's first movement to quote a Carinthian folk dance similar in style to his use in Wozzeck of an Austrian dance.

violin concertos or violin concerti

Alban Berg's is dedicated "to the memory of an angel."

Lyric

Alban Berg's titled a major 12-tone work this kind of "suite."

John Coltrane

Albert Ayer stated that Pharaoh Sanders was "the Son" and this man was "the Father."

Chopin's études

Alexander Dreyschock famously played the difficult left hand part of one of them in octaves.

Ludwig von Beethoven's Symphonies (prompt on partial answer)

Alexander Thayer wrote a biography of this composer, who used his Choral Fantasy in C minor theme in the last of these works, which opens with strings and horns playing the opening fifth interval of "A-E."

"Tristesse"

Alfredo Carella claimed that bars 4 and 5 of this Chopin etude developed in a "Debussian manner," preceding the Frenchman by a half century. This etude, a study of polyphony and legato technique, is nicknamed for its cantabile melody.

Chopin's études

All but three of them are contained in the composer's Opus 10 and Opus 25.

"Tristesse"

Along with "Fairwell", this name is often given to Étude No. 3 in E Major by Frédéric Chopin. Playing this banned piece, as arranged for voice and orchestra by Rosé, expressed resistance against the Nazis.

"Maple Leaf Rag"

Along with "The Entertainer," this was Joplin's most famous rag, possibly named after a black club in Sedalia, Missouri. Sydney Brown later wrote lyrics for this song that imitated the African-American vernacular at the time.

Carl Orff

Along with his colleague Gunild Keetman, this composer developed a namesake "Schulwerk" (SHOOL-vairk) approach to music education that made heavy use of xylophones.

double bass

Along with singing, Spalding plays this string instrument, also played by Jaco Pastorius and Charles Mingus.

Sergei Rachmaninov

Alongside Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1, Van Cliburn performed the Piano Concerto No. 3 by this composer to a thunderous applause. That piano concerto is the most performed piece by this composer alongside its C minor predecessor.

Maurice Ravel

Aloysius Bertrand's poems are used for another piano piece by this composer, which depicts the shimmering cascade of water in its first section Ondine.

Pianoforte

Also born in 1685 was Lodovico Giustini, the first known composer ever to write music specifically for this keyboard instrument, which was invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori around 1700.

Guillaume de Machaut

Although it was actually written for a Cathedral at Reims ["RANCE"], this French composer wrote a polyphonic Messe de Nostre Dame, maybe the oldest setting of the Mass by one composer. He also wrote the poem Le Voir Dit ["LUH VWAHR DEET"].

Gregorian chant

Although its namesake was probably not alive when neumes were invented, the development of notation helped the spread of this Catholic sacred music, which Charlemagne disseminated aggressively.

Isaac Albéniz ("EE-sock all-BAY-neese")

Although this Spanish composer from Catalonia didn't write for guitar, arrangements by Llobet ("yoo-BET"), Tárrega, and Segovia of his Tango in D and Asturias (Leyenda) are now staples of the classical guitar repertoire.

just tone row

American composer Ben Johnston pioneered this type of tone row. Its namesake intonation, also known as pure intonation, is any tuning in which the frequencies of notes are related by small whole number ratios.

Brahms Piano Concerto No. 1

Amongst Gould's most famous eccentricities was his insistence on playing the first movement of this piece at half the indicated tempo during a 1962 performance with the New York Philharmonic.

George Gershwin

An American in Paris was written by this composer of a Cuban Overture who merged classical and jazz styles in other works like Rhapsody in Blue.

Republic of Poland

An a cappella version of the Stabat Mater appears in the St. Luke Passion, a work by a man from this country who also wrote a work scored for 52 strings that was originally titled 8'37''.

Claudio Monteverdi

An essay from Alex Ross's Listen to This describes how this Italian Baroque composer combined the descending lament figure with the chaconne (shah-KUN) form in his Lamento della ninfa. This composer also wrote the first opera in the standard repertoire, L'Orfeo (lor-FAY-oh).

canon

An example of the latter and a constantly transposing "perpetual" one of these are among several of these in The Musical Offering, and every sixth variation in the Goldberg Variations is one of these.

Felix Mendelssohn

An overture ending with a flute solo begins hissuite of incidental music to a Shakespeare play, which also contains the "Wedding March."

Republic of Poland

Another composer from here wrote Songs of an Infatuated Muezzin, but is more famous for his Rumi-inspired third symphony subtitled "Song of the Night."

Poland

Another composer from this country wrote a massive choral work that begins with an "O Crux" movement and utilizes the B-A-C-H motif.

Czech

Another composer of this nationality depicted The Queen's Monastery in the third movement of a work that opens with a movement titled "Fanfares" and was written for a gymnastic festival.

Spain

Another composer wrote "Distant Dance" as one of a set of nocturnes using folk music fromthis country, and he wrote the (*) "Dance of the Miller's Wife" and the "Dance of the Magistrate" in one work,while another includes the "Ritual Fire Dance."

preludes

Another composition of this type repeats an (*) A flat through the middle section.

violin concerto

Another composition of this type was composed in the company of Josef Kotek and transitions without a break from the G minor canzonetta second movement to its D major finale.

Aaron Copland

Another composition quotes folk songs like "El Palo Verde," and one of his ballets ends when the title character is shot by Pat Garrett.

Dixit Dominus

Another famous composer born in the same year was George Frideric Handel. This earliest surviving autographed work of Handel was written for five vocal soloists and five-part chorus, and is a setting of Psalm 110.

Hugo Wolf (vulf)

Another follower of Wagner was this Slovene-Austrian composer who wrote collections of lieder that set the poems of Goethe (GURR-tuh) and Eduard Mörike (MURR-ee-kuh).

Gustav Holst

Another movement of that piece features bells playing in 4/4 time against the flutes and harps.

jazz drums

Another musician who played this instrument worked with Bill Evans on albums like New Jazz Conceptions and Portrait in Jazz.

piano sonatas (by Ludwig van Beethoven)

Another notable Mannheim rocket turns into a sixteenth-note triplet run at the start of the first of a set of thirty-two pieces in this genre. That set of thirty-two pieces in this genre includes two subtitled "quasi una fantasia."

David "Dave" Brubeck

Another noted sax player was Paul Desmond, who played in this man's namesake quartet and composed the song "Take Five."

Hakon Jarl

Another of Smetana's cycles, the so-called "Swedish" symphonic poems, includes this piece based on a play by Danish author Adam Oehlenschläger ("AY-dum UH-len-SHLAY-ur"). It tells the story of a 10th-century pagan king of Norway.

Maurice Ravel

Another of his pieces, which is based on Michel Dimitri Calvocoressi's texts, is his Five Greek Folk Songs.

Anton Bruckner

Another of his symphonies precedes its "Volkfest" finale with a scherzo third movement titled "The Hunt."

Johann Strauss II

Another of his works was first performed at a benefit ball for Vesuvius and is called Streams of Lava.

violin concertos or violin concerti

Another of these works in D major was written for Joseph Joachim by Johannes Brahms.

Richard Strauss

Another of this composer's tone poems uses a wind machine and 20 horns and depicts the "Ascent" and "Descent" of a mountain.

Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff

Another of this composer's works begins with a rhythmic motifof quarter, dotted-quarter in (*) 5/8.

Georg Friedrich Händel

Another of this composer's works includes a second movement bourrée, followed by a siciliana labeled La Paix, and then an allegro called La Rejouissance.

Johann Sebastian Bach

Another of this composer's works opens with a lower mordent on A, followed by descending 64th notes, an accidental C sharp 32nd, and a 16th on the tonic, all of which is octave doubled.

Paul Hindemith

Another of this man's works interpolates pieces from the namesake composer's setting of Turandot into its scherzo movement.

George Gershwin

Another of this man's works opens with a clarinet glissando.

Alban Berg

Another one of his operas has a title character who murders his lover and later returns to throw his knife into a pond then proceeds to drown in that same pond.

Paganini's Caprices

Another one of these in B Flat Major consists of descending double-stopped thirds in the chromatic scale.

Ludwig von Beethoven's Symphonies (prompt on partial answer)

Another one of these works was originally called "Recollections of Country Life" and is in F Major.

Benjamin Britten

Another one of this composer's protagonists asks "Who can turn skies back and begin again?" in "Now the Great Bear and Pleiades".

Johann Wolfgang Goethe

Another overture that sets this man's writings to music was inspired by the composer's meeting with him at the age of 12 and uses a chorale to indicate the gentle movement of a ship.

Carmina Burana: Cantiones profanae cantoribus et choris cantandae comitantibus instrumentis atque imaginibus magicis

Another part of this work sung in falsetto describes in first person "Once I had dwelt on lakes, once I had been beautiful," but now he sees only gnashing teeth.

A minor

Another piano concerto in this key opens with a timpani roll before the entrance of the soloist.

Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky

Another piece by him ends shortly after a distant (*) church-bell causes the "spirits of darkness" to disperse.

Edvard Grieg

Another piece by this composer depicts Anitra's Dance and "Morning Mood" but is best remembered for a section depicting an old man on a throne, "In the Hall of the Mountain King."

Richard Strauss

Another piece by this composer has a fully chromatic fugue in its "Of Science" movement and opens with a C-G-C motif depicting sunrise.

Georg Friedrich Handel

Another piece by this man is incidental music to a concert held on the River Thames.

A minor

Another piece in this key has a finale based on the folk dance called a halling, and a thematic motive of a descending minor second followed by a descending minor third.

saxophone

Another player of this instrument had an improvisational style termed "sheets of sound," and produced such albums as My Favorite Things, A Love Supreme, and Giant Steps.

violin

Another set ofsolo works for this instrument is the 24 Caprices.

Robert Alexander Schumann

Another solo piano piece, dedicated to Chopin, is a setting of an ETA Hoffman character to music.

Thelonious Monk

Another song by this musician of "Bemsha Swing" begins with alternating C sharp and D seventh chords and was composed with Kenny Clarke; that song was "Epistrophy."

Franz Josef Haydn

Another symphony by this composer of "The Bird" and "The Joke" string quartets involves performers snuffing out a candle on their music stand as they leave the stage, leaving only two muted violins.

Arnold Schoenberg

Another work begins with the narrator explaining, "I cannot remember everything. I must have been unconscious most of the time."

Gustav Holst

Another work by this composer in the same genre begins with a 6/8 and 9/8 alternating vivace.

Arthur Honegger

Another work by this composer includes insults in dog Latin in asection titled "The Voices of the Earth," while a nightingale theme in the flute represents the title character inthat oratorio by this composer that ends with a "Trimazo."

Samuel Osmond Barber

Another work by this composer includes word painting in lines like,"fainting, lifting, lifts, faints forgone: forgotten. Now is the night one blue dew."

Charles Edward Ives

Another work by this composer recreates a hot summer evening by quoting the Ragtime piece "Hello! Ma Baby!" and Sousa's Washington Post March.

George Frideric Handel

Another work by this composer uses accompanied recitative to give the effect of the miraculous appearance of angels, and includes a noted "Glory to God" portion.

Samuel Osborne Barber II

Another work by this man features an abrupt transition after the text "one is my father who is good to me," which is thought to reference the composer's badly ill father at the time.

violin concertos or violin concerti

Another work in this form has a second movement subtitled "Body through which the dream flows."

twelve-tone technique

Another work in this style is the Wittgenstein Motet of Elisabeth Lutyens.Because the recapitulation directly follows the exposition in the Lyric Suite, it is often considered to be aprime example of this technique.

serenades

Another work of this type had a now-lost minuet fifth movement and openswith the notes G, D-G, D-G-D-G-B-D.

waltzes

Another work of this type includes a flute solo which arpeggiates the five chord in different inversions before a solo zither introduces a new theme.

preludes

Another work of this type is played entirely in the whole tone scale but briefly switches to the pentatonic; that work, like others in the same collection, has its title "Voiles" placed at the end of the piece.

Time Out

Another work on this album has measures that are alternately subdivided into2+2+2+3 and 3+3+3, though the solo parts are played in standard 4/4.

piano sonatas of Ludwig van Beethoven

Another work opens its first movement Allegro assai with a dotted down-and-up arpeggio main theme in octaves that is repeated with the Neapolitan chord of G-flat.

plain

Antiphony and polyphony are contrasted with monophony, which is a single melody without accompaniment. Gregorian chant is a type of early Catholic modal monophonic music named for this English adjective and "chant" or "song."

xylophone

Armenian-American composer Alan Hovhannes's ("ho-VAH-ness's") Fantasy on Japanese Woodprints is a concerto for this instrument. By replacing some parts of this instrument with metal, one can make a glockenspiel ("GLOCK-en-shpeel").

double bass or string bass or contrabass

Around 1940, in Duke Ellington's band, tenor saxophonist Ben Webster and one performer of this instrument were so significant that the band was nicknamed after them; that performer of this instrument was the virtuoso Jimmy Blanton.

Surprise Symphony or Haydn's Symphony No. 94 in G or Sinfonie mit dem Paukenschlag or Symphony with the kettledrum hit

At one point in this work, the timpanist is instructed to tune his G-drum up to A, although many modern timpanists simply add a third drum.

Piano trio

At the age of 78, Fauré forayed for the first and only time into this type of composition, which he put in D Minor.

Symphonie Fantastique: Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste...en cinq parties

At the beginning and end of this piece's third movement, and English horn plays a ranz de vaches: the first time it is answered by the oboe, but the second it is darkly answered by four timpani imitating a thunderstorm.

Time Out

At the beginning of one of the tracks on this album, the ensemble alternates between B-flat minor seventhchords and E-flat minor chords; the saxophone soloist then enters with a melody that features a rising dottedeighth,sixteenth motif.

I Pagliacci

At the beginning of this opera, the protagonist warns Tonio not to pursue his wife Nedda.

Luigi Boccherini

At the close of the Baroque era of music in Spain, Madrid's court imported Domenico Scarlatti and this Italian composer of several guitar quintets. This composer, nicknamed "Haydn's wife," also wrote Night Music of the Streets of Madrid and a "Celebrated Minuet."

closing the keyboard lid of a piano

At the premiere of 4'33", David Tudor marked the beginning of the piece by performing this action.

Jan Ladislav Dussek

At the request of this performer, John Broadwood produced a piano with a range increased from five-and-a-half to six octaves. This Czech pianist was the first to sit with his right side facing the audience.

violincellos

At the start of Russian Easter Festival Overture, this instrument's section splits into three soloists and a tutti after a dolce solo by it.

violin concerto

Auer made cuts to Tchaikovsky's work of this type, which has a G minor Canzonetta as its middle movement.

violin

August Wilhemj'sarrangement of Bach's third orchestral suite for this instrument is played entirely on one string.

Cello Suites

Australian musicologist Martin Jarvis has advanced the dubious theory that Anna Magdalena Bach composed these six Bach compositions for a solo string instrument that were popularized by Pablo Casals ("kuh-ZALLS").

Heiligenstadt (HIGH-lig-un-SHTOTT)

Beethoven expressed his despair at his growing deafness in an 1802 "Testament" written to his brothers Carl and Johann often named after this town outside Vienna. Beethoven's return from this town to Vienna marked the beginning of his middle period.

trill

Beethoven extensively used this musical ornament in the Grosse Fuge. It consists of a continuous oscillation between two neighboring notes and is often designated by two letters and a wavy horizontal line.

trumpet

Beethoven's Leonora Overture uses this instrument to sound a call for rescue.

Oboe

Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony also features a notable two-instrument solo in its third movement for this instrument and Bassoon.

pizzicato (pit-sick-KAH-toh)

Beethoven's String Quartet No. 10 is nicknamed "Harp" in part because of the many quick arpeggios and passages played using this technique, an Italian term that instructs the strings to be plucked.

Piano Concerto No. 5

Beethoven's increasing deafness made it harder for him to perform at concerts, such that Carl Czerny (CHAIR-nee) eventually premiered this Beethoven piece. This E-flat major concerto begins with three thundering chords punctuated by virtuosic cadenza-like passages.

violin concerto

Beethoven's work of this type opens with four strokes of the timpani on the tonic note of D before the woodwinds enter, and a timpani roll begins the Vorspiel first movement of a work in G minor, Max Bruch's first work of this kind.

Leonard Bernstein

Before that unusual performance, this conductor had excused himself from responsibility by asking the audience "Who is the boss? The soloist or conductor?" This conductor is also known as the composer of three symphonies, as well as musicals such as West Side Story.

violin concerto

Bela Bartok's first composition of this type in two movements was published posthumously, and his second composition of this type included an unusual andante tranquillo second movement and was dedicated to Zoltan Szekely.

"King Porter Stomp"

Benny Goodman's 1935 recording of this Morton composition became a staple of the big band era. Goodman's recording of this song features a notable trumpet solo by Bunny Berigan.

Vienna, Austria

Berg was a member of this city's "second school." Other members of that school from this city, which originated the twelve-tone technique, include Arnold Schoenberg.

Boston

Bernstein co-founded the Los Angeles Philharmonic Institute and Pacific Music Festival in Sapporo, Japan, both modeled after Tanglewood, where this city's orchestra plays in the summer instead of Symphony Hall. Arthur Fiedler (FEED-ler) conducted this city's Pops Orchestra, which plays July Fourth concerts at Hatch Shell.

Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich

Besides his first cello concerto, this man wrote a viola sonata whose third movement quotes the Moonlight Sonata in 4/4 time.

triple time or meter

Besides scherzi, the most notable uses of this meter are in works like von Weber's Invitation to the Dance and Strauss' Blue Danube.

Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff

Besides the Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor and three other piano concertos, this composer wrote a themeand 24 variations based on the last of a set of caprices.

Symphony No. 2 in B minor

Borodin adapted an abandoned chorus from Prince Igor into the opening of this piece. In that opening, each measure alternates between a held B-natural in the strings and horns, followed by a series of unison eighth notes in the strings.

Stradivari

Both Heifetz and fellow Lithuanian Yehudi Menuhin ("yeh-HOO-dee MEN-yoo-in") primarily used Guarneri ("gwar-NAIR-ee") violins, though both owned violins created by a member of this family that are often associated with superior sound quality.

trumpet

Both of those works were written for Anton (*) Weidinger, who developed a version of this instrument with five keys that was capable of playing a full chromatic scale.

violin

Brahms' concerto for this instrument was written for Joseph Joachim.

violin concerto

Brahms' work in this genre was premiered by Joseph Joachim and notably recorded with Jascha Heifetz as soloist.

waltzes

Brahms's other pieces for piano four-hands include his "Sixteen" pieces in this genre. Johann Strauss the Younger is known as the "king" of these pieces and wrote a famous one called "The Blue Danube."

no deliberate sound

Broadly speaking, 4'33" is best known for having this experimental, very minimalist feature.

Richard Wagner

Bruckner dedicated his Third Symphony to this man, his musical idol. Early versions of that symphony extensively quoted from this man's operas, such as Tannhäuser (TAHN-hoy-zuh) and Die Walküre (dee vall-CUE-ruh).

spirituals

Burleigh transmitted several of this kind of song, which were often recorded by the Fisk Jubilee Singers and include "Wade in the Water" and "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot."

Jean-Baptiste Lully or Giovanni Battista Lulli

Buxtehude composed three D minor variations on this man's aria "Rofilis," and his title characters include a lover of Oriane who sings the aria "Bois epais" while deep in the woods.

London

C. P. E. Bach was called the "Berlin" Bach to distinguish him from his prolific brother Johann Christian, who composed in this city. Joseph Haydn's last symphonies were composed in this city, where the Proms take place.

rococo

C.P.E. Bach's "sensitive style" falls within this broader, exceptionally ornate style in the visual and musical arts often synonymous with "Late Baroque."

madrigals

Caccini's Le nuove musiche is a collection of solo these.

clarinet

Carl Maria von Weber's two concerti for this instrument remain the cornerstone of its Romantic repertoire.

Kingdom of Denmark

Carl Nielsen, the composer of "The Inextinguishable" symphony, is from this country. August Bournonville was the longtime ballet master of its Royal Ballet.

Malagueña ("ma-la-GAIN-yah")

Carlos Montoya's recording made this sixth movement of Ernesto Lecuona's Suite Andalucía a popular guitar standard. Its title is a rarely-danced style of flamenco in free time named for the southern Spanish city that also titles the tenth piece in Albéniz's Iberia.

saxophone

Charlie Parker played this single-reed instrument, as did Ornette Coleman, Kenny G, and John Coltrane.

preludes

Chopin wrote 24 of these works, including one nicknamed "Raindrop."

Roman numerals

Chord progressions can be written as a series of these symbols each corresponding to the scale degree of a chord's root, using uppercase for major and lowercase for minor. These symbols indicate which violin string to bow on, or, when prefixed by C, which guitar fret to barre (bar).

Iberia

Claude Debussy recalled this work in the title of a triptych in his orchestral Images.

saxophone

Coleman played this instrument, which was also played by jazz greats John Coltrane and Charlie Parker. In recent years, Kenny G has played this instrument.

symphonies of Johannes Brahms

Columbia professor of music Walter Frisch wrote a 1996 book titled for these works.

Time Out

Composed with (*) Eugene Wright, Joe Morello, andPaul Desmond, this album includes the songs "Three to Get Ready" and "Strange Meadow Lark."

Johann Strauss II

Compositions in the form for which he is best known include Wine, Women and Song; Tales from the Vienna Woods; and Viennese Blood.

violincellos

Concerti for this instrument include twelve by Luigi Boccherini, one by Edward Elgar in E minor, and one by Antonin Dvorak in B minor.

sonata da chiesa (kee-EZZ-ah)

Corelli's Opus 1 consists of twelve of this subtype of trio sonatas. This type of sonata has four movements in a slow-fast-slow-fast arrangement and was originally meant for performance in church.

Christmas

Corelli's best known piece, his Opus 6 No. 8, is a concerto grosso written to celebrate the night before this holiday. Carols associated with this celebration include "Good King Wenceslas" and "Adeste fideles."

John Coltrane

Critic Ira Gitler described this musician's improvisational style as "sheets of sound," and tracks by this composer include one named for Paul Chambers, "Mr. P.C.", as well as tracks like "Naima" and "My Favorite Things."

Japan

Daihachi Oguchi was a jazz drummer who helped revive this country's taiko ["TIE-ko"] drum music. One of the first performing kumi-daiko ensembles, Showa 26, began after World War II.

Totentanz

Danse Macabre's twisting of the Dies Irae was presaged by this "paraphrase on Dies Irae." A standard version of this piece was edited by Emil von Sauer, although Ferruccio Busoni also prepared a De Profundis version.

Einojuhani Rautavaara

David Pickett conducted the premiere of this composer's seventh symphony with the Bloomington Symphony Orchestra; that symphony contains a final movement marked pesante and is called (*) Angel of Light.

preludes

Debussy wrote two books of them, including the "Girl with the Flaxen Hair."

Paganini's Caprices

Dedicated to "the artists," the fourth of these pieces is inspired by Venetian folk music and sees a demisemiquaver played in its duo middle section.

Moonlight Sonata

Dedicated to Guilietta Guicciardi, this work is described as "Quasi una fantasia" but is known by a nickname given by Ludwig Rellstab.

Giuseppe Verdi's Messa da Requiem

Dedicated to writer Alessandro Manzoni, it contains a loud Tuba mirum and a well-known Dies Irae second section.

William Walton

Dennis Noble premiered the part of the baritone soloist in this composer's cantata setting text from Psalm 137, which focuses on an event from the Book of Daniel.

Symphony No. 6

Depending on the edition, this Mahler Symphony's last movements contain two or three blows intended to be "short, powerful, but dully-reverberating stroke with a non-metallic character," which his wife Alma said foreshadowed later misfortune in his life.

Franz Schubert

Der Erlkönig is a lied ("leed") by this composer of the song cycles Winterreise ("VIN-tuh-RYE-zuh") and Die schöne Müllerin ("dee SHUR-nuh MYOO-ler-in").

Franz Schubert

Der Erlkönig was written by this German composer, who composed other lied ["LEED"] like Winterreise ["VIN-terr-ice-uh"], as well as the Trout Quintet and an unfinished symphony.

using the black keys almost entirely

Describe this manner of playing the piano that generates a G-flat major pentatonic scale. Chopin's Étude Opus 10 No. 5 is nicknamed for it, since the right hand plays fast triplets almost entirely in this manner, except for one F in a chord right before the coda.

"Das Wandern" ("doss VON-dun")

Die schöne Müllerin begins with this simple strophic song in B-flat major whose five stanzas have 3 four-bar phrases that repeat a static tonic-dominant harmony suggesting the title activity, which "is the Miller's joy." The same activity titles a difficult C major fantasy that Schubert based on another lied ("leed").

Piano Concerto No. 3 by Sergei Prokofiev

Different sections of the orchestra play in starkly different keys in the third movement of this piano concerto, which begins with the bassoon and pizzicato strings playing in A minor. Its first movement begins with a theme played in C by the clarinet, which is joined by the whole orchestra.

Camille Saint-Saëns ("kuh-MEE san-SAWNS")

During Gounod's funeral service at the Church of the Madeleine, this French composer of Danse Macabre ("donse muh-COB") and The Carnival of the Animals played the organ as Gabriel Fauré ("for-AY") conducted.

Aaron Copland

During his time in New York, Boulez gave a celebrated performance that popularized this American composer's serialist work Connotations. He composed Fanfare for the Common Man and Appalachian Spring.

La Mer or The Sea

During rehearsals for the premiere of this work, the violinists tied handkerchiefs to the tips of their bows in protest.

Steinway fl Sons

During the 1880s, this company began to dominate the American piano market. Today, almost all major concert pianists perform using this company's pianos.

Ella Jane Fitzgerald

During the 1970s and 80s, this musician recorded four albums of duets with guitarist Joe Pass.

serenades

Dvorak wrote one of these in D minor for winds,and one in E major for strings.

Piano trio

Dvorak's fourth composition for this ensemble is named for its lamenting style resembling an epic ballad.

Slavonic Dances

Dvořák wrote these sixteen pieces for piano four hands or orchestra, inspired by a similar series by Johannes Brahms. These pieces' namesake styles include a dumka and a mazurka.

Pablo Casals

Enamored with Enescu, this cellist called him "the greatest musical phenomenon since Mozart." This Catalan cellist made a set of recordings from 1936 to 1939 that repopularized Bach's cello suites.

La Mer or The Sea

Erik Satie claimed that he "particularly liked the bit at a quarter to eleven" in the first movement, though there is no real indication of a time scale there.

violin

Ernest Bloch wrote "Three Pictures of Hasidic Life" for this instrument in a piece called Baal Shem.

minstrel shows

Ernest Hogan, an early ragtime innovator, unfortunately gave rise to a sub-genre of ragtime called "coon songs," which were used in these horrifyingly racist musical shows that featured white people in black face.

John Adams

Esa-Pekka Salonen conducted the premiere of the orchestral work by this composer which contains "Mother of the Man" and "Chain to the Rhythm" movements.

canon

Every movement in Johannes Ockeghem's Missa Prolationum is in this form.

pastorale

Examples of these pieces are the Sinfonia to Part II of the Christmas Oratorio and the Pifa movement of Handel's Messiah.

Maurice Ravel

Falling tears motifs based on Dowland's were adopted for many tombeau scored for lute. The genre of tombeaux was repopularized much later by an example that this composer titled for Louis Couperin and dedicated to friends who died in World War One.

pianoforte

Faure's Romances sans paroles were a set of pieces written for this that often accompanied a similar (*) Mendelssohn work.

Felix Mendelssohn

Ferdinand David was the dedicatee of a work by this man that opens with a melody that"gave [him] no peace," the Violin Concerto in E minor.

Jean-Baptiste Lully or Giovanni Battista Lulli

Feuillet popularized a notation system created by this man's chief choreographer which traced out the steps of the dancer beneath a bar of music at top.

violin concerto

Finnish composer Esa-Pekka Salonen dedicated a piece of this type to Leila Josefowicz ("LEE-luh jo-SEFF-oh-witz"). Donald Tovey described the third movement of Sibelius's only piece of this type as a "polonaise for polar bears."

Aaron Copland

Five variations on the Shaker hymn "Simple Gifts" can be heard towards the end of the suite from Appalachian Spring, a ballet by this American composer.

Camille Saint-Saëns ("kuh-MEE san-SAWNS")

Flourishes up to a long high E and 3+2 hemiolas feature in the "Allegretto lusinghiero" intro of this French composer's Havanaise ("ah-vah-NEZ"). A young Pablo de Sarasate premiered his violin showpiece Introduction et Rondo Capriccioso.

Francis Poulenc

Following the death of his friend Pierre-Octave Ferroud in an auto accident he entered a more religious phase marked by such works as the (*) Litanies a la Vierge Noire.

Johann Strauss II

For 10 points identify this Austrian composer of Tales from Vienna Woods and the Blue Danube, a man commonly known as the "Waltz King".

Johann Wolfgang Goethe

For 10 points, Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel by Schubert sets what German writer's Faust to music?

minimalism

For 10 points, Terry Riley and Philip Glass are associated with what avant-garde, reductionist movement?

The Mikado; or The Town of Titipu

For 10 points, Yum-Yum is wooed by Nanki-Poo, the disguised son of the title emperor of Japan, in what operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan?

Erik Satie

For 10 points, identify the French composer of Desiccated Embryos and Gymnopedies.

the symphonies of Jean Sibelius

For 10 points, identify these 7 orchestral works by a Finnish composer.

Ludwig von Beethoven's Symphonies (prompt on partial answer)

For 10 points, identify these nine works by a certain Rhenish master, which include the Pastoral and Eroica.

Charles Edward Ives

For 10 points, identify this American composer of Three Places in New England, The Unanswered Question and the Concord Sonata.

John Coltrane

For 10 points, identify this American jazz saxophonist who recorded albums such as Giant Steps and A Love Supreme.

Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6, Op. 74 or "Pathétique"

For 10 points, identify this B minor symphony, the last by Peter Tchaikovsky.

Surprise Symphony or Haydn's Symphony No. 94 in G or Sinfonie mit dem Paukenschlag or Symphony with the kettledrum hit

For 10 points, name this Joseph Haydn work whose second movement also includes a fortissimo G major chord anecdotally intended to "make the ladies jump."

I Pagliacci

For 10 points, name this Leoncavallo opera typically paired with Cavalleria Rusticana that is about a clown.

Don Giovanni

For 10 points, name this Mozart opera about a famous seducer.

Frederic Chopin

For 10 points, name this Polish composer of the Minute Waltz and Revolutionary Etude.

Arnold Schoenberg

For 10 points, name this Second Viennese School composer of Transfigured Night.

Shostakovich's Thirteenth Symphony

For 10 points, name this Shostakovich symphony based on Yevtushenko poetry.

Dmitri Shostakovich

For 10 points, name this Soviet composer of fifteen symphonies and the opera Lady Macbeth of the Mtensk District.

Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich

For 10 points, name this Soviet composer whose symphonies include The Year 1905 and Leningrad.

Anton Bruckner

For 10 points, name this Wagner fanboy, the composer of theLyric and Romantic symphonies.

Ella Fitzgerald

For 10 points, name this accomplished scat singer nicknamed the "First Lady of Song" and "Lady Ella."

pastorale

For 10 points, name this adjective appended to Beethoven's Sixth Symphony, which describes rural life.

twelve-tone technique

For 10 points, name this atonal technique pioneered by Schoenberg, which uses all the notesof the chromatic scale.

Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington

For 10 points, name this bandleader at the Cotton Club, whose hits included "Mood Indigo", "Take the 'A' Train", and "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)".

trumpet

For 10 points, name this brass instrument also played by Louis Armstrong.

French horn

For 10 points, name this brass instrument, not to be confused with a similarly-named "English" version.

Water Music

For 10 points, name this collection of works by Handel for a concert on the Thames.

Arthur Honegger

For 10 points, name this composer from LesSix who wrote Pacific 231.

Samuel Barber

For 10 points, name this composer of Adagio for Strings.

Richard Strauss

For 10 points, name this composer of Also Sprach Zarathustra.

George Gershwin

For 10 points, name this composer of An American in Paris, Porgy and Bess and Rhapsody in Blue.

Heitor Villa-Lobos

For 10 points, name this composer of Bachianas Brasileiras.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

For 10 points, name this composer of Eine kleine Nachtmusik and the "Jupiter" Symphony.

Aaron Copland

For 10 points, name this composer of Fanfarefor the Common Man.

Ralph (rafe) Vaughan Williams

For 10 points, name this composer of Fantasia on Greensleeves, Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis, and A Sea Symphony, a Briton.

Hector Berlioz

For 10 points, name this composer of Harold in Italy and SymphonyFantastique.

Robert Alexander Schumann

For 10 points, name this composer of Krieslerian who married Clara Wieck and composed the Rhenish and Spring symphonies.

Achille-Claude Debussy

For 10 points, name this composer of La Mer and Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun.

Giacomo Puccini

For 10 points, name this composer of Manon Lescaut and Tosca.

Paul Hindemith

For 10 points, name this composer of Mathis der Maler.

Georg Friedrich Händel

For 10 points, name this composer of Music for the Royal Fireworks and Water Music.

Robert Schumann

For 10 points, name this composer of Papillons, Carnaval, and symphonies called "Rhenish" and "Spring".

Arnold Schoenberg

For 10 points, name this composer of Pierrot Lunaire and Transfigured Night, founder of the Second Viennese School and inventor of the twelve-tone technique.

Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff

For 10 points, name this composer of Rhapsody on a Themeof Paganini.

Gustav Holst

For 10 points, name this composer of St. Paul's Suite and The Planets.

Franz Joseph Haydn

For 10 points, name this composer of The Creation, who included an unexpected fortissimo chord and timpani thwack in his "Surprise" Symphony.

Ottorino Respighi

For 10 points, name this composer of The Fountains of Rome and The Pines of Rome.

Béla Bartók

For 10 points, name this composer of The Miraculous Mandarin, Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta, and Concerto for Orchestra, a Hungarian.

Gustav Holst

For 10 points, name this composer of The Planets.

Johann Sebastian Bach

For 10 points, name this composer of a Mass in B minor, the Brandenberg Concertos, and a lot of fugues.

Charles-Camille Saint-Saens

For 10 points, name this composer of movements like "Pianists," "Fossils," and "The Swan" in The Carnival of the Animals.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

For 10 points, name this composer of the 1812 Overture and the ballet The Nutcracker.

Sir Edward Elgar

For 10 points, name this composer of the Enigma Variations.

bass clarinet

Four tracks from Bitches Brew feature Bennie Maupin playing this unusual instrument. Eric Dolphy popularized this non-flute instrument, which he played on the first two tracks of his album Out to Lunch!

Franz Joseph Haydn

Four-part harmony for divided violas and cellos accompany a bass recitative by this composer that tells the "dwellers of the tides" to be fruitful and multiply.

violin

Francesco Geminiani's treatiseon this instrument used fingering notation re-introduced by Carl Flesch in his manuals.

preludes

Frederic Chopin composed his "Raindrop" one for a group of 24 of them for piano solo that comprise his op. 28.

Brandenburg Concertos

Fruitlessly composed for a job application, they included a French dedication to their eventual namesake.

urtext

G. Henle Verlag (jee HAIN-luh fur-LOCK) specializes in publishing these editions of sheet music, which attempt to reproduce the composer's original intentions without any later additions.

triple time or meter

Genres of music that rely on this meter include the "tiny wisp" in Brahms' Piano Concerto No. 2 and the Moonlight Sonata's "Allegretto" second movement.

London

Gerard Hoffnung's namesake festivals, which were hosted in this city, included such pieces as the Surprise Symphony "with extra surprises." The Proms are held in this city's Royal Albert Hall.

John Coltrane

Giant Steps was recorded by, for 10 points, what jazz saxophonist who also recorded A Love Supreme?

Notebook for Anna Magdalena Bach

Give the title shared by two manuscripts that compile music by several composers, including a Minuet in G major that scholars now believe was written by Christian Petzold.

divertimento

Give this Italian term that is often applied to informal, entertaining, or lighthearted music written for a small ensemble. Mozart's serenades are often paired with these pieces, such as the three Salzburg Symphonies for strings.

Rubinstein

Give this surname of the Russian pianist Anton, who composed a Melody in F and founded Saint Petersburg Conservatory. His brother Nikolai co-founded the Moscow Conservatory.

Koyaanisqatsi ("ko-yah-niss-KAHT-see")

Glass composed the score for this experimental film, in which the track "Pruit Igoe" is played during the destruction of the namesake housing complex. Its title means "life out of balance" in Hopi.

twelve

Glass's symphony of this number, based on Bowie's Lodger, premiered in 2019, and his piece Music in [this many] Parts is in fact for ten musicians, as its title refers to it having this many movements. This is the number of notes in each repeated bar of Steve Reich's Piano Phase and the number of repeats of each bar of Clapping Music.

Frédéric Chopin

Glazunov orchestrated piano pieces by this composer for the ballet Les Sylphides (lay seel-FEED), which opens with his Military Polonaise and ends with his Grande valse brillante (grond valse bree-YONT).

alto saxophone

Glazunov's final piece was a concerto for this instrument. Ravel used it to represent a troubadour in the movement "The Old Castle" from his orchestration of Pictures at an Exhibition.

The Mighty Handful

Glinka inspired this group of Russian composers led by Mily Balakirev ("buh-LAH-kee-riff"), whose goal was to create a distinctly Russian style of music.

Charles-Marie Widor ("vee-DOR")

Gounod helped this composer become the organist of the Saint-Sulpice ("san-sull-PEESE") church, a position he held for the next 64 years. The fifth movement of his fifth organ symphony is a Toccata that is often performed on its own as recessional music.

Miles Davis

Groups lead by this man released records on the Prestige label with titles like Walkin' and Relaxin', and this man recorded a jazz arrangement of pieces from Porgy and Bess.

creating artificial harmonics

Groves' Musical Dictionary claims there are two ways to create this effect, one of which is playing sul ponticello. The other method for creating this effect is notated with three noteheads, two of which indicate where to firmly press and where to lightly press the string.

staff

Guido ["GWEE-doh"] d'Arezzo is often credited with inventing these lines on which note heads are placed, and a mnemonic for remembering the notes that correspond to these using a modern treble clef is Every Good Boy Deserves Fudge.

Five

Guido's staves employed only four lines, and it was not until the 1300s that staves with this many lines, now the standard number used in musical notation, were developed.

mass

Guillaume de Machaut wrote the first complete setting by a single composer of this collection of texts. That work uses a chant intonation to open the "Gloria" and "Credo" movements.

col legno

Gustav Holst's "Mars, the Bringer of War" requires this technique in which the wooden back of the bow is used to play the instrument. The battuto variety of this extended technique is more common than the tratto variety.

harpsichord

Handel's Keyboard Suite in D minor was written for this specific instrument, commonly used in the Baroque era. François Couperin wrote a treatise on The Art of Playing this instrument that creates sound by plucking strings.

symphonies by Johannes Brahms

Hans von Bulow memorably dubbed the first of these to be "Beethoven's Tenth."

Johannes Brahms

Hanslick, however, was the dedicatee of his Sixteen Waltzes for Piano.This composer's only violin concerto is dedicated to Joseph Joachim.

Hector Berlioz

Harold in Italy was written by this French composer of The Damnation of Faust and Symphonie Fantastique.

Symphony no. 1

Havergal Brian's symphony of this number culminates in a setting of the Te Deum, and is scored for a massive orchestra, including four offstage brass bands.

Anton Bruckner

He added acymbal clash and a dirge for four French horn-tuba hybrids to his seventh symphony and composed the"Hunting" scherzo and "Volkfest" finale as replacements for his most famous symphony, intended toevoke the chivalry of operas like Lohengrin.

Josquin des Prez

He also composed Mille Regretz.

Aaron Copland

He also composed a ballet score that features variations on the Shaker melody "Simple Gifts," commissioned by Martha Graham.

Leos Janacek

He also composed a liturgical work with movements titled "Slava" and "Svet" rather than the normal Latin titles, as that work was written in Old Church Slavonic.

Ottorino Respighi

He also composed a tone poem depicting certain objects along the Appian Way and the Villa Borghese.

George Gershwin

He also wrote an opera containing the jazz standard "Summertime" which is set on Catfish Row.

Heitor Villa-Lobos

He arranged that piano suite, Children's Carnival, into the fantasy Momoprecoce.

Herbert Jeffrey Hancock

He briefly took theSwahili name "Mwandishi," which sometimes refers to a set of three albums that also includes Crossingsand Sextant.

Manuel de Falla

He combined with the artist Jose Maria Sert on a massive opera based on a poem by Jacinto Verdaguer that was left unfinished at his death and was completed by his pupil, Ernesto Halffter.

Jean-Baptiste Lully or Giovanni Battista Lulli

He composed Amadis and Armide in his genre of "tragedie en musique" and wrote the music for The Bourgeois Gentleman, one of his comedie-ballets written with Moliere.

Erik Satie

He composed Dansesgothiques as a novena for "the greatest calm and tranquility of [his] soul" while having an affair withSuzanne Valadon.

John Adams

He composed a Pantagruel boogie with a thrusting grinding beat in his piece inspired by Blake, Fearful Symmetries.

Johannes Brahms

He composed a set of variations on a theme once thought to be by Haydn, which was inspired by the "Chorale St. Anthony."

Dmitri Shostakovich

He composed an opera that adapts a Nikolai Leskov novel and focuses on Katherina Ismailova.

Heitor Villa-Lobos

He composed the score for the Audrey Hepburn film Green Mansions and included a piece translating as "Tear My Heart" as one of fourteen works named for the street music of his country.

Edward William Elgar

He conducted the premiere recording of his own violin concerto with Yehudi Menuhin, and another of his concertos gained popularity in the 1960s when recorded by Jacquelin du Pre.

Erik Satie

He created Le Picadilly and Je te veux while working as a cabaret pianist.

Aaron Copland

He dedicated his twelve-tone Piano Fantasy to the memory of William Kappel, He wrote a composition for trumpet, English horn, and string orchestra, which was based on incidental music he had written for Irwin Shaw's play Quiet City.

Ludwig van Beethoven

He dedicated three quartets to Nikolai Galitzin, including his thirteenth quartet, whose sixth movement was excised as unplayable.

Francis Poulenc

He first rose to prominence with the music for a ballet based on the paintings of Watteau, which depicted the sexual games of loose young women, and though he's not Manuel de Falla, he composed the Concert champetre for harpsichord for Wanda Landowska.

Einojuhani Rautavaara

He included a trombone solo in the first movement of a piece scored for thirteen brass instruments, a timpani, and a percussion section, his A Requiem in Our Time.

Charles Mingus

He isn't Art Blakey, but one piece by this man often began in performance with a long baritone saxophone solo and was titled "Moanin'."

Paul Hindemith

He may be best known for a symphony that whose movements are based off of the (*) Isenheim Altarpiece.

Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky

He named an E-flat concerto for the Bliss family estate in DC.

Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington

He often collaborated with composer Billy Strayhorn, who wrote his band's signature song.

Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich

He paired the "Elmira" theme with his musical monogram, D-E flat-C-B, in the nocturne third movement of his Symphony No. 10.

Dmitri Shostakovich

He responded to an article in Pravda with his fifth symphony, sometimes called "A creative response to justified criticism."

Paul Hindemith

He set Ludwig Holty's poetry for a work composed for Cleila Gatti-Aldrovandi, his Harp Sonata.

Heitor Villa-Lobos

He set lyrics by Ruth V. Correa in the "Aria" movement of a work scored for soprano and an orchestra of cellos, and one of the works of this composer of Choros contains a toccata subtitled "The Little Train of Caipira".

Ralph (rafe) Vaughan Williams

He used 16th century music for two works, one based on an anonymous folk song, the other based on a Renaissance composer.

Josquin des Prez

He used a system which matched musical notes with the vowels of the text he was setting, a technique known as soggetto cavato, for works like the Missa Hercules Dux Ferrariae.

Franz Peter Schubert

He used an ascending piano figure to depict its jumping subject and that chamber work of his uses a double bass rather than the normal second violin.

Gyorgy Ligeti

He utilized his own concept of permeability in a work for orchestra that eschews a traditional melody in favor of sounds that appear not to progress in time, while he showcased micropolyphony in a work composed for sixteen voices.

Herbert Jeffrey Hancock

He won an Academy Awardfor his score to 'Round Midnight and also wrote the score for Blow-Up.

Erik Satie

He wrote a ballet which depicts characters such as the Managers and the American Girl participating in the title event with a Chinese Conjuror and Acrobats.

Benjamin Britten

He wrote a piece for string orchestra in which variations entitled "Aria italiana," "Funeral March," and "Chant" each represented an aspect of his former teacher's personality.

Henry Purcell

He wrote an opera containing the aria "When I am laid in earth," which is also called the "lament" of the title Queen of Carthage.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Hearing Symphonie Espagnole for the first time inspired this Russian composer to write his Violin Concerto in D Major. This composer also wrote the 1812 Overture and ballets such as Swan Lake.

Erich Wolfgang Korngold

Heifetz championed the Violin Concerto in D major by this Austrian composer who fled to Hollywood after his music and operas, like Die tote Stadt ("dee TOH-tuh SHTOTT"), were banned. The concerto quotes his classic film scores, of which Robin Hood and Kings Row later inspired John Williams.

violin

Henryk Szeryng and Nathan Milstein made notable recordings of Bach works for an unaccompanied one of these instruments, including a work capped by a Chaconne, his Partita No. 2 in D minor for this instrument.

Prix de Rome

Her older sister Nadia, who taught composers such as Philip Glass, Elliott Carter, and Astor Piazzola, won second place in 1908. This very prestigious scholarship enabled students to study composition in a certain city.

Finlandia

Herbert von Karajan made a recording of this symphonic poem alongside its composer's Valse Triste and his Lemmenkainen Suite.

Johannes Brahms

Herman Levi's encouragement prompted this man to compose his only Piano Quintet in F Minor.

viola

Hindemith played this instrument in the Amar Quartet, which he founded. Niccolò Paganini commissioned Harold in Italy from Hector Berlioz after he acquired one of these medium-sized string instruments.

William Walton

Hindemith replaced Lionel Tertis after he refused to premiere this English composer's Viola Concerto because it was "too modernistic." This composer set Edith Sitwell's poems to music in Façade, and he composed the oratorio Belshazzar's Feast.

Franz Liszt

His Bagatelle without tonality was perhaps intendedto replace the fourth and last of a set of works that begins with "The Dance in the Village Inn" and is based onNikolaus Lenau's Faust.

Darius Milhaud

His String Quartets Nos. 14 and 15 can be performed together as an Octet, and he explored the form of the clarinet-piano duo in his Eglogue-Madrigal from his Four Sketches.

Johannes Brahms

His Tragic Overture was written to contrast with another work which contains student drinking songs such as "Gaudeamus igitur" and was written for the University of Breslau.

Leoš Janáček

His choral works include a piece based on a Rabindarath Tagore poem, The Wandering Madman.

Felix Mendelssohn

His compositions for solo piano include "Bee's Wedding"and "Spring Song."

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

His first symphony depicts the "Land of Desolation, Land of Mists" and is nicknamed "Winter Daydreams."

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

His last symphony in B minor contains a bassoon solo marked pppppp.

Leos Janacek

His most famous orchestral work opens with an Allegretto fanfare scored only for percussion and an expanded brass section, before going on to depict "The Queen's Monastery" and "The Street Leading to the Castle."

John Coltrane

His most famous songs include "Naima" and "Mr. P.C."

Franz Josef Haydn

His most famous symphony is named for a fortissimo G major chord in the second movement.

Johannes Brahms

His mostfamous work was written for Bertha Faber to sing her second child, Hans, to sleep.

Johann Strauss II

His operetta The Queen's Lace Handkerchief is the source of his piece (*) Roses from the South.

Hector Berlioz

His own Requiem honors those who died during the July Revolution and calls for four offstage brass bands.

Robert Schumann

His piano concerto is an expansion of his earlier composition called Phantasie, and is in A minor.

Herbert Jeffrey Hancock

His solo debut album, Takin' Off,features the song "Watermelon Man."

Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington

His solo spotlights for his sidemen include "Cotton Tail" for Ben Webster and "Concerto for Cootie" for Cootie Williams.

Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich

His symphonies include one whose fourth movement features the G minor of the tocsin clashes with the G major of the orchestra.

Samuel Barber

His violin concerto ends with a "Presto in moto perpetuo" movement, and his popular concert pieces include Medea's Dance of Vengeance and his overture to The School for Scandal.

John Coltrane

His wife Alice played on his album Expression.

Sonny Rollins

Hisrecordings include "Shadow Waltz" on Freedom Suite and "I'm an Old Cowhand" on Way Out West.

wind band

Holst wrote two suites for this ensemble. The second suite in F for this ensemble incorporates seven different English folk songs, including "I'll Love My Love" and "Greensleeves."

Paris

Iancu ("YAHN-koo") Dumitrescu, among other Romanian composers, adopted the spectral technique developed at this city's IRCAM ("eer-cam"). Enescu studied at this city's conservatory with Jules Massenet ("zhool mass-NAY") and Gabriel Fauré ("for-AY").

King Arthur, or The British Worthy

Identify this 17th century semi-opera in which the title character rescues the blind princess Emmeline from the Saxon King Oswald.

second movement of Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 21 in C major

Identify this F major movement from a certain C major concerto by Mozart. Please specify both the concerto and the number of the movement.

John Field

Identify this Irish composer who studied under Muzio Clementi, and whose works include variations on "Logie of Buchan" and "Kamarinskaya".

Vespro della Beata Vergine

Identify this composition of 1610. It includes the duet "Pulchra es" and concludes with a long setting of the Magnificat.

Marie

Identify this first name of the woman who is murdered under a blood-red moon in an "Invention on a Single Note" from another opera.

trumpet concerto

Identify this genre of music written for a soloist and orchestra. Johann Nepomuk Hummel's work in this genre was written for Anton Weidinger, and is often played in E flat major, a semitone lower than its original key.

canon

Identify this type of musical composition in which the main melody is presented and imitated at regular intervals. A round is a simple example of this type of imitative polyphony.

polyphony

Identify this type of musical texture that consists of two or more lines of independent melody. This musical texture is often confused with, but considered different than, counterpoint.

two tied eighth notes of the same pitch, instead of just quarter notes

Immediately before the first fugue of the Grosse Fuge, the first violin's presentation of the subject is notated in this way, which has raised questions as to how it and similar passages should be played.

nightingale

In "The Pines of the Janiculum" from Pines of Rome, Respighi specified that a phonograph recording of one of these animals be played as the movement ends. A Handel organ concerto in F major is titled for a cuckoo and one of these animals.

Ondes Martenot

In 1928, Varèse rescored Ameriques to incorporate this newly-invented electronic instrument. It can be played either using a standard keyboard, or by sliding a metal ring in front of the keyboard, allowing unbroken glissandi.

Jelly Roll Morton

In 1939, this New Orleans jazz musician released a recording of several Joplin compositions arranged for trumpet. This leader of the Red Hot Peppers claimed to have invented jazz.

opera

In 1967, dissatisfied with this musical genre's stagnation, Boulez suggested the "elegant, inexpensive" solution of blowing up all venues for performing it, but a decade later, he controversially conducted a set of pieces in this genre at the Jahrhundertring ("yarr-HOON-dirt-ring"), or the centenary Bayreuth ("BYE-royt") Festival.

taxi horns

In 2016, a new edition of American in Paris that controversially suggested that these unusual "instruments," used almost exclusively in American in Paris for programmatic effect, should not be tuned A, B, C, D, but that they were merely labelled that way, and these "instruments" should actually be played A flat, B flat, D, and A.

Gustav Mahler's Symphony of a Thousand

In 2016, the Leeds Festival chorus featured in a notable performance of this symphony by Gustav Mahler. This work sets the hymn "Veni, Creator, Spiritus" to music, and is named for the large size of its orchestration.

pastorale

In Baroque music, this term denotes a melody, often in thirds, played above a drone that imitates the zampogna, or Italian bagpipes.

bassoon

In Carl Orff's Carmina Burana, this instrument begins on a high D and ends with a low C before a swan sings about being roasted.

scordatura

In Danse macabre, Saint-Saëns has the violin use this technique, by tuning the E string to E-flat.

canon

In Fidelio, Marzelline, Leonore, Rocco, and Jacquino sing a quartet in this form, "Mir ist so Wunderbar".

Oboe

In Johann Strauss Jr.'s overture to Die Fledermaus, this instrument has a solo, and plays an E-F-F#-A-A-G#-F#-E motif.

mode

In Medieval music, these six combinations of long and short sounds were the first systems to notate rhythms. In modern music, this term refers to seven scales, which can be derived by starting on various notes of the C major scale and only playing white keys.

crescendo (kreh-SHEN-doh)

In a technique named for Rossini and this term, excitement is slowly ramped up to a frenzy by skillful control of melody, harmony, rhythm, tempo, and instrumentation. Ordinarily, this Italian term merely instructs an increase in volume.

Richard Strauss

In a tone poem by this composer, a loud D sharp that leads into an E, played by the violas, denotes the passing of an old man.

trumpet

In addition to Maynard Ferguson, players of this instrumentinclude the leader of the Tijuana Brass, Herb Alpert, and Dizzy Gillespie.

Béla Viktor János Bartók

In addition to Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta and Mikrokosmos, this man is also composed an opera in which a woman discovers her husband's dead wives in the title location.

Henry Purcell

In addition to composing music for the funeral of Mary II, this student of (*) John Blow collaborated with Nahum Tate on an opera with an aria addressed to Belinda.

Philip Glass

In addition to his David Bowie-influenced "Heroes" and "Low" symphonies, this man wrote a string quartet based on his music for a film about Yukio Mishima.

Symphony No. 12

In addition to his second symphony, To October, Dmitri Shostakovich composed this symphony in commemoration of the Revolution. Subtitled The Year 1917, it was his last conducted by Yevgeny Mravinsky.

Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns

In addition to that (*) third symphony, written in two movements, he wrote a piece opening with twelve D's from the harp representing the chiming of a clock, which gives way to a solo violinist playing double stops of A and E-flat.

Paul Hindemith

In addition to the viola concerto "The Swan-Turner" and Kammermusik, he wrote a piece that contains a scherzo based on an earlier composer's incidental music for Carlo Gozzi's play Turandot.

Charles-Camille Saint-Saens

In another of his works, "twinkle twinkle little star" is quoted by the piano after the theme is introduced and repeated by the xylophone.

Giacomo Puccini

In another opera by this composer, the protagonist kills the head of the secret police, Baron Scarpia, who wrote a safe conduct letter for her and her lover Mario Cavaradossi after she sang "Vissi d'arte".

timpani

In another solo, these instrumentsplay two notes over and over to represent hunters in Peter and the Wolf.

Richard Strauss

In another tone poem by this composer, a descending seventh in the trombones and tuba pronounce the death sentence of the title character, after which the D clarinet squeals and a flute trills as he is hanged.

Arnold Schoenberg

In another work by this composer of "Der Mondfleck", various forms of a chord consisting of the pitches C, G-sharp, B, E, and A are distributed among instruments in a practice he called Klangfarbenmelodie.

Arnold Schoenberg

In another work by this composer of the Kammersymphonie, after the narrator finishes speaking, the men's chorus sings the (*) Shema Yisroel with the orchestra.

Piano trio

In another work of this type by Brahms, the cello is replaced by the French horn.

etudes of Frédéric François Chopin (prompt on partial answer; prompt on "studies," "Chopin's studies," or equivalents)

In another, eighth-note triplets are played against quarter-note triplets in a polyrhythm imitating the sound of bees.

Robert Schumann

In his Third Symphony, three trombones represent a bishop being made a cardinal at the Cologne Cathedral.

Richard Strauss

In his dying moments, this composer is said to have praised the accuracy of his (*) Tod und Verklarung in depicting death.

Jean-Philippe Rameau

In his first book of Images ("ee-MAHZH") for solo piano, Debussy composed an homage to this French operatic composer of Castor et Pollux and rival of Jean-Baptiste Lully.

madrigals

In his introduction to a group of these works, one composer defended a new more dissonant style, which does not follow the strict rules of counterpoint called second pratica, in response to criticism by G. M. Artusi.

Pathetique Symphony

In his letters, the composer had originally planned to name this composition a program symphony, although it gained its more popular name from the piece's publisher, Jurgenson.

three

In its simplest form, the sarabande gives this many beats to a bar. Other dances with this many beats per measure include the mazurka and minuet.

John Coltrane

In memory of the Birmingham 16th Street Baptist Church bombing, this man composed "Alabama," which appears on the same album as "Afro Blue."

double bass or string bass or contrabass

In one album by a bandleader who played this instrument, New York urban noise is used to re-envision Gershwin's "A Foggy Day."

Charles Ives

In one of his pieces, this composer referred to the strings as "silent druids."

symphonies of Johannes Brahms

In one of these works, their composer modified Joseph Joachim's F-A-E motif to demonstrate that he was both "free" and "happy;" that one of these works is in F major.

Giacomo Puccini

In one of this composer's operas, the central couple echo the song of a passing lamplighter in "E Kate ripose al re".

Charles-Camille Saint-Saens

In one of this composer's works, the pianist begins a piu mosso cadenza ad lib by using 16th notes to alternately arpeggiate B diminished 7th and D dominant 7th chords before the movement ends with a coda; the theme of that work is based on a Tantum Ergo motet written by this composer's student.

Benjamin Britten

In one opera by him, a character who sings "On the paths, in the woods, on the banks, by the walls, I wait" is often double-cast with the narrator, whose opening recitative begins "It is a curious story."

Franz Joseph Haydn

Influenced by the verbunkos ("VAIR-boon-kohsh") recruitment dance, this composer incorporated Roma themes into his Piano Trio No. 39. This composer used fugue finales in his Sun Quartets and a sudden fortissimo chord in his "Surprise" Symphony.

Samuel Osborne Barber II

Iso Briselli refused to play this composer's violin concerto due to the difficulty of its perpetuo moto third movement.

1812 Overture

It also quotes the folk song U Vorot, Vorot, the composer's opera The Voyevoda and the hymn "Save O God, thy People."

Symphonie Fantastique: Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste...en cinq parties

It begins with the movement "Reveries-Passions," and the last two movements depict the central figure's dreams after he poisons himself with opium.

War Requiem

It closes with a libera me as bells punctuate the singing of a child's chorus and an adult's chorus.

violin

It depicts the title bird in Ralph Vaughan William's The Lark Ascending.

twelve-tone technique

It is a form of serialism and is based on anamesake row.

French horn

It often represented the hunt in early compositions, and, along with a clarinet, plays the theme that represents Till Eulenspiegel.

Symphony from the New World

It resulted from a journey that also led its composer to produce a cello concerto in B minor.

Harold in Italy

It uses the piccolo and oboes to represent a rustic oboe played by wandering minstrels called the "pifferari" in its third movement, which imitates a serenade of an (*) Abruzzi mountaineer to his mistress.

4'33''

It was premiered by David Tudor during a Woodstock music festival, and it was inspired by a trip to Harvard where its composer entered an anechoic chamber.

Magnificat

It's generally agreed that C. P. E. Bach composed his nine-movement piece with this title for an audition in Berlin in 1749, but it's unclear for whom. Carl owned both the D and E-flat versions of the J. S. Bach piece with this title, the latter of which omits the Christmas hymns of the former.

timpani

It's not a string instrument, but Beethoven's Ninth requires these instruments to play a double stop.

1812 Overture

It's not the Marche Slave, but this work does feature God Save the Tsar and La Marseillaise , which are dueling anthems in various parts of this work.

twelve-tone technique

Its basis is a construct with twelve factorial possibilities, which is used inworks like A Survivor from Warsaw and the works of Webern.

Hector Berlioz's Requiem mass

Its composer supposedly had to rush up during its premier to relieve Francois-Antoine Habeneck, who stopped conducting during its second movement to take a pinch of snuff.

4'33''

Its composer's 1962 follow-up to it included the instruction "in a situation provided with maximum amplification, perform a disciplined action."

Hector Berlioz's Requiem mass

Its fifth movement is entirely a cappella, while the penultimate movement features a solo male tenor and long sustained notes from the flutes.

Surprise Symphony or Haydn's Symphony No. 94 in G or Sinfonie mit dem Paukenschlag or Symphony with the kettledrum hit

Its first movement has two sections: an Adagio followed by a "Vivace assai" section.

Harold in Italy

Its main theme was borrowed from the discarded Rob Roy Overture and it includes movements titled "March of the Pilgrims" and "Orgy of the Brigands."

Hector Berlioz's Requiem mass

Its massive orchestra features sixteen timpani capable of playing fully-voiced chords, as well as a quartet of brass bands positioned off the corners of the stage.

Shostakovich's Thirteenth Symphony

Its opening section contains music to accompany such images as the trial of Dreyfus and the capture of Anne Frank.

canon

Josquin's Missa l'homme armé super voces musicales makes heavy use of the mensuration type of this imitative musical technique. It titles a D major chamber piece that Johann Pachelbel paired with a gigue (zheeg).

saxophone

João Gilberto collaborated with Stan Getz, who primarily played this instrument, to create Getz/Gilberto. Other players of this instrument include a non-pianist also named Bill Evans and John Coltrane.

Gretchen am Spinnrade

Just as the piano depicts a horse's hoof beats in Erlkönig, in this other Schubert work, the piano's rising and falling sixteenth-notes emulate the title machine, which is being used by the Faustian ["FOW-stee-in"] character in the work's title.

double bass or string bass or contrabass

Jymie Merritt played this instrument on many albums by Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers.

neoclassical

Kammermusik, along with Apollo and the Dumbarton Oaks concerto, are in this style of music embraced by Hindemith and Stravinsky in the 1920s.

jazz drums

Kenny Clarke played this instrument that was also played by a bandleader who recorded albums like The Witch Doctor and The Freedom Rider with his Jazz Messengers.

Shostakovich's Thirteenth Symphony

Kiril Kondrashin led the premiere of this piece after Yevgeny Mravinsky decided not to conduct it. Â It is scored for an orchestra, an all male choir, and a bass soloist, and its fourth movement opens with a tuba solo.

4'33''

Kyle Gann's analysis of this piece notes its similarities to an 1898 funeral march by Alphonse Allais.

La Mer or The Sea

Labeled as "Three Symphonic Sketches," the second of which is entitled "Play of the waves," for 10 points, name this aquatic-themed work by Claude Debussy.

Charles "Bird" Parker, Jr.

Late in life, this musician wrote "Relaxin' at Camarillo," and he had earlier created a lyrical version of one of his songs, titled "What Price Love?"

Iberia

Lavapies is one of several pieces in this work named after prominent city quarters, and it features zapateado and flamenco rhythms to represent locales like Andalusia.

Chopin's études

Leopold Godowsky wrote 53 arrangements of these works by this composer.

trumpet

Leopold Mozart's concerto for this instrument in D features variations on the melody of "The Farmer in the Dell" as well as a harpsichord continuo in the first of its two movements.

Richard Strauss

Ligeti's Atmosphères and Lux Aeterna were featured in 2001: A Space Odyssey along with a rising "C-G-C" brass motif from this German Romantic composer's tone poem Also Sprach Zarathustra.

piano

Like César Franck's ("say-zar FRONK's") Symphonic Variations, Symphony on a French Mountain Air prominently features this instrument. This instrument is also featured in a set of 24 variations on a violin caprice whose 18th variation slows and inverts the theme.

Dream of Gerontius

Like his cello concerto, this oratorio by Elgar suffered a disastrous premiere. It is a setting of a John Newman poem of the same name and begins with the prayer "Jesu, Maria" before the protagonist's soul encounters God.

Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 2

Like its composer's next two symphonies, it sets poems from Der Knaben Wunderhorn.

Josquin des Prez

Like many composers of his time, he used L'homme armé as a cantus firmus, resulting in the Missa l'homme armé sexti toni and super voces musicales.

Percy Aldrige Grainger

Lincolnshire Posy is the magnum opus of this whip collector who used "louden" instead of "crescendo" so he could write his scores entirely in English. This Australian ranked himself the ninth best composer ever.

Paganini's Caprices

Liszt's set of six "Grand Etudes" are based on six of these works.

Aaron Copland

Living American composer Joan Tower wrote a set of five fanfares she titled Fanfare for the Uncommon Woman, which uses same instrumentation as this composer's Fanfare for the Common Man.

preludes

Louis Couperin wrote fourteen of this type of composition, which are to be played sans mesure.

string quartets

Ludwig Beethoven's works of this type include his three Rasumovsky ones.

ars nova

Machaut's Messe de Nostre Dame, as well as the Roman de Fauvel (ro-MAWN duh fo-VELL), exemplify this style of medieval polyphony. It was written about by Philippe de Vitry (fee-LEEP duh vee-TREE) and is contrasted with a preceding "antiqua" style.

trumpet

Mahler opened his Fifth Symphony with a solo for this instrument playing a funeral march.

"Frère Jacques"

Mahler's First Symphony opens with the strings playing ethereal "A"s played pianississimo in 7 different octaves, and its third movement turns this French nursery song into a minor-key dirge.

Symphony no. 1

Mahler's symphony of this number includes a third movement funeral march that quotes "Frere Jacques."

falsetto

Many Hawai'ian songs use this high vocal register, which alternates with chest voice in yodeling. Tiny Tim used it in "Tiptoe Through The Tulips," and a solo tenor uses it in Carmina Burana to depict a roasting swan.

Iberia

Many of the pieces in this work end with a counterpoint between the main rhythm and the copla refrain, while a fervent "arrow of song" punctuates the march-like conclusion to its first section, which depicts a parade through the streets on (*) Corpus Christi Day.

Water Music

Many of the sections of this collection have no title or tempo marking, including all but the rigaudon and minuet sections of the (*) third group of this collection.

madrigals

Many of these kinds of works were published by Nicholas Yonge in his Musica Transalpina which included composers like Luca Marenzio.

symphonic poem

Mazeppa and Tasso are examples of this genre of single movement orchestral programmatic works, which Liszt invented.

Symphony No. 9 by Franz Schubert

Mendelssohn also revived this symphony after Robert Schumann brought him the score. Schumann described this symphony as having a "heavenly length," though many orchestras of the time simply thought it was too long.

Johann Sebastian Bach

Mendelssohn most famously revived interest in this Baroque composer with a performance of his St. Matthew Passion. This composer also wrote the Goldberg Variations.

String Octet in E-flat major

Mendelssohn was only sixteen when he composed this chamber piece in E-flat major whose third movement may be based on Goethe's Faust.

five

Mendelssohn's Reformation Symphony has this number. Beethoven's symphony of this number begins with the notes "G G G E-flat," which Anton Schindler described as fate knocking at the door.

Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov

Mikhail Glinka's music, particularly his operas, was an important precursor to this composer, whose Pushkin-based The Tale of Tsar Saltan contains an interlude titled "The Flight of the Bumblebee."

Juilliard School

Milton Babbitt taught at this school, whose namesake string quartet has won five Grammy awards for chamber music. Many students at this school dual-enroll at Columbia University.

Different Trains

Minimalist composer Steve Reich took trains "from New York to Los Angeles" to visit his divorced parents, and included train sounds in this work for string quartet and pre-recorded tape about World War Two.

theremin

Moog financed his education at Cornell by manufacturing this instrument, which he later sold under the "Etherwave" brand. Clara Rockmore is a virtuoso of this instrument, which has two perpendicular antennae.

three

Most notes in a piano's range are produced by having a hammer hit this many strings. This many piano sonatas by Franz Schubert are grouped as his final ones, and weren't published until over a decade after his death.

clarinet

Mozart wrote both a Quintet for string quartet and this instrument and a Concerto in A for Anton Stadler.

violin concertos or violin concerti

Mozart wrote one at the age of 19 which features the "Strassburg" theme.

clarinet

Mozart's "Kegelstatt" Trio is for this instrument, piano, and viola.

Anton Stadler (SHTOD-ler)

Mozart's Clarinet Concerto and Clarinet Quintet were written for this Austrian virtuoso who also played the basset horn.

clarinet

Mozart's concerto for it was written for Anton Stadler.

D minor

Mozart's other minor-key piano concerto, No. 20, is in this key. This is also the key of "Der Hölle Rache" ("dair HUR-luh RAH-khuh") and Mozart's Requiem.

clarinet concertos

Mozart's work of this type was written for a custom "basset" version of the solo instrument, and was composed for Anton Stadler, while Copland's was commissioned by Benny Goodman.

Conlon Nancarrow

Much of this composer's music is so rhythmically complex that much of it is unplayable by humans, so he used an Ampico Player Piano for the 50 rhythmic studies that he wrote. Many of the studies are influenced by jazz.

polyphony

Musicians affiliated with Notre Dame in the early 13th century the first internationally popular music in this style, which uses more than one melodic line. This word literally means "many sounds."

motet

Musicians at Notre Dame are also credited with inventing this type of composition, which sets upper voices above a borrowed melody called a cantus firmus. Unlike madrigals, these pieces were generally sacred, not secular.

Czech Republic

Má vlast was inspired by landmarks and legends from this country, Smetana's homeland. Another musician from this country is the composer of the Glagolitic Mass, Leoš Janáček ("LEH-ohsh yah-NAH-check").

Charles Gounod ("goo-NOH")

Name this French composer who used the first C major prelude from Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier as the accompaniment for his setting of the Ave Maria. He wrote the five-act opera Faust.

Edgar(d) Varèse

Name this French composer, the so-called 'father of electronic music'. His other works include Ameriques, Integrales and Ionisation.

Pierre Boulez ("boo-LEZZ") (The institute is IRCAM.)

Name this French conductor who alienated New York concertgoers and was replaced with Zubin Mehta ("ZOO-bin MEH-ta"). In the 1970s, he founded the Ensemble intercontemporain ("ANN-tair-con-tom-po-RAN") for playing avant-garde chamber music and an underground music research institute.

Arcangelo Corelli

Name this Italian Baroque violinist and composer whose Opus 5 ends with a set of variations on the Spanish dance tune "La Folia."

Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima

Name this Krzysztof Penderecki (k-SHISH-toff pen-der-ET-skee) piece for fifty-two string instruments. It was originally called 8'37'', but shortly after its premiere, it was renamed in tribute of a World War II event.

Jascha Heifetz ("YA-shah HIGH-fits")

Name this Lithuanian-born violin virtuoso whose debut at Carnegie Hall in 1917 as a teenager catapulted him to fame across America. This man's transcription of Hora staccato has become a popular violin showpiece.

Mikhail Glinka

Name this Russian nationalist composer, one of the first to achieve fame in his own country, who wrote about a character meeting a giant talking head in Ruslan and Lyudmila.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

Name this Russian whose Piano Concerto No. 2 begins with soft, bell-like chords. His collection Morceaux de fantaisie ("more-SO duh fan-teh-ZEE") contains his Prelude in C-sharp minor, often called "The Bells of Moscow."

"Flow, my tears"

Name this air which began its life as an instrumental piece based on the pavane. Its singer asks "Where night's black bird her sad infamy sings / There let me live forlorn" after telling the title objects to "fall from your springs!"

Der Erlkönig

Name this art song, based on a poem, for solo voice and piano. The singer's last words are "war tot" ["TOTE"] before the piano plays a perfect authentic cadence.

harmony

Name this aspect of music that titles Riemann's first treatise. Schoenberg discussed "tone color melody" in a treatise on this aspect of music, the "vertical" arrangement of sound whose "horizontal" counterpart is melody.

Native Americans

Name this broad cultural group, whose music was used alongside that of African-Americans as inspiration for Dvorak's ninth symphony.

Guillaume de Machaut (gee-YOME duh mah-SHOW)

Name this canon who wrote music for Reims (rance) Cathedral, and who was the first composer to supervise the creation of an anthology of his complete works.

Violin Sonata in A major by César Franck ("say-zar fronk")

Name this chamber piece in A major composed as wedding present for Eugène Ysaÿe ("oo-ZHEN ee-ZYE"), who premiered it from memory in a dark art museum in Brussels in 1886. A cello version of it is by Jules Delsart.

Alex Ross

Name this classical music critic for the New Yorker who wrote about the trajectory of 20th-century music in The Rest is Noise.

blue

Name this color that titles an album containing the songs "All I Want" and "A Case of You." Bill Evans plays piano on the track "So What" from a Miles Davis album with this color in its title.

Léonin

Name this composer and contemporary of Pérotin, who is credited for creating the collection Magnus Liber Organi.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Name this composer of 27 piano concertos and 41 symphonies, the last of which is nicknamed Jupiter.

Benjamin Britten

Name this composer of Albert Herring and The Turn of the Screw, who also wrote A Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra.

Igor Stravinsky

Name this composer of Apollo who also wrote the Dumbarton Oaks concerto.

Paul Hindemith (HIN-duh-mit)

Name this composer of Symphonic Metamorphosis on Themes by Carl Maria von Weber and the symphony Mathis der Maler (MAH-tiss dare MAH-luh). He later rejected the label Gebrauchsmusik (geh-BROW-ks-moo-ZEEK) that was applied to his pieces for amateurs.

Vincent D'Indy ("van-SAWN dan-DEE")

Name this composer of Symphony on a French Mountain Air who also taught students such as Cole Porter, Isaac Albéniz ("ee-SAHK all-BAY-neese"), and Erik Satie.

Ralph Vaughan Williams

Name this composer of a Concerto Grosso for school string orchestra, also known for a Fantasia on Greensleeves.

George Enescu

Name this composer of a String Octet in C major. His two rhapsodies, based on the music of his homeland's taraf ensembles, quote folk songs like "I have a coin, and I want a drink" and "Aiee, I'm being devoured by a wolf!"

Gustav Holst

Name this composer of several Indian-inspired pieces including The Cloud Messenger, a choral setting of a poem by Kalidasa.

Aaron Copland

Name this composer of such ballets as Appalachian Spring and Rodeo.

Ellen Taaffe Zwilich

Name this composer who became the first female to win the Pulitzer Prize for music with her Three Movements for an Orchestra. In 1995, this woman was appointed as the first composer-in-residence of Carnegie Hall.

John Cage

Name this composer who had David Tudor sit at the keyboard for the premiere of his piece 4'33".

Ludwig van Beethoven

Name this composer whose Violin Concerto in D major begins with a solo timpani playing four beats. This composer also wrote a Triple Concerto in C major for violin, cello, and piano.

Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach

Name this composer whose best-known piece is a C minor solfeggietto ("sol-feh-JEH-toh") for keyboard.

P.D.Q. Bach

Name this composer whose music popularized a hybrid instrument called the tromboon. His operas include The Abduction of Figaro and the half-act The Stoned Guest, which were popularized on albums by Peter Schickele.

Franz Schubert

Name this composer. Schuppanzigh is also the dedicatee of a string quartet by this composer titled "Rosamunde."

"Giant Steps"

Name this composition whose radical harmonic progressions were based on its composer's namesake "changes." It was released on an eponymous 1960 record featuring the songs "Naima" and "Mr. P.C."

Harold in Italy

Name this composition. The soloist in this piece opens with the notes "D, long low B, [pause] C, long low E," over G major arpeggios in the harp.

Ludwig van Beethoven's deafness

Name this condition that forced the composer of Für Elise to use conversation books and rendered him unable to directly experience his own Ninth Symphony.

Camille Saint-Saëns (kuh-MEE san-SAWNS)

Name this conservative French Romantic composer of the opera Samson et Dalila.

Argentina

Name this country home to the Teatro Colón. Musicians from this country include pianist Martha Argerich, conductor Daniel Barenboim and composer Alberto Ginastera.

Japan

Name this country, home to the NHK symphony orchestra, which has a tradition of assembling a 10,000-person chorus to sing Beethoven's Ninth Symphony every New Year.

bows

Name this device, required by the direction arco. These devices are unusually not used when playing pizzicato.

ragtime

Name this early 20th century genre that originated from African-American band music. Pieces in this genre involved a lot of left-hand syncopation in duple meter and were usually written for piano.

Symphonie Espagnole

Name this five movement piece, written for Pablo de Sarasate, which, despite its name, is actually a violin concerto.

variations

Name this form in which a theme, usually presented at the beginning, is repeated in a series of altered forms. Passacaglias (pah-sah-CALL-yahs) and chaconnes (shah-KUNS) are subtypes of this form.

sinfonia concertante

Name this genre featuring two or more soloists, exemplified by an E-flat major Mozart piece for violin, viola and orchestra. It was replaced by the double and triple concertos.

piano sonata

Name this genre of a long one-movement B minor piece that exhibits "double function form" by exhibiting overall unity as well as several distinctly identifiable sections.

piano concerto

Name this genre of piece for orchestra and soloist. Examples of it include Beethoven's "Emperor."

bossa nova

Name this genre that was mixed with jazz on that album, Getz/Gilberto ("GETZ zheel-BAIR-too"), which also includes the songs "Corcovado" by João Gilberto ("zh'wow zheel-BAIR-too") and "The Girl from Ipanema" by Antônio Carlos Jobim ("zho-BEEM").

preludes

Name this genre; an example of this genre is the first piece in The Well-Tempered Clavier.

The Well-Tempered Clavier

Name this group of pieces by J. S. Bach that consists of a prelude and fugue in every major and minor key.

whole tone scale

Name this hexatonic scale in which each step increases by the same interval. There are only two variations of this scale.

"A Mighty Fortress Is Our God"

Name this hymn by Martin Luther that, more conventionally, was used as the theme for the final movement of Felix Mendelssohn's Reformation Symphony.

The Art of Playing the Harpsichord

Name this instructional treatise from the early 1700s that contains a prescriptive table of two dozen ornaments. It ends with eight preludes and an allemande in D minor for the learner to practice on the title instrument.

prepared piano

Name this instrument featured in a cycle of twenty Sonatas and Interludes by the composer of 4'33" ("four minutes and thirty-three seconds").

pianoforte

Name this instrument whose prominent manufacturers include Steinway fl Sons. It largely replaced the clavichord and harpsichord.

sitar

Name this instrument with between 18 and 21 strings, most of which are not played but run under the frets and vibrate due to sympathetic resonance.

Esperanza Spalding

Name this jazz artist. She sings and plays songs like "I Know You Know" and "Black Gold."

Miles Davis

Name this jazz trumpeter whose fusion album Bitches Brew includes a track entitled this musician "Runs the Voodoo Down."

string quartet

Name this kind of ensemble. Beethoven wrote five "late" works for this instrumentation, which consists of two violins, a viola, and a cello.

sunrise

Name this kind of event signaled by a gong crash and solo oboe near the end of a tone poem which uses the xylophone to depict rattling bones.

Alexander Konstantinovich Glazunov

Name this late Romantic Russian composer of the ballets The Seasons and Raymonda.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

Name this late Romantic composer who quoted the "Dies Irae" in his Isle for the Dead and wrote a difficult Piano Concerto No. 3.

Jazz at Massey Hall

Name this live album, the sole recording by "the Quintet," a bebop supergroup that included Parker, Charles Mingus, and Bud Powell. Named for its Toronto venue, it is often called "the greatest jazz concert ever."

G minor

Name this minor key that Mozart used for his only two minor-key symphonies.

Charlie Parker

Name this musician featured on album self-titled "With Strings" who is credited with co-founding be-bop with Dizzy Gillespie.

Msistlav "Slava" Rostropovich

Name this musician for whom Shostakovich wrote two concerti and Prokofiev wrote his Symphony-Concerto. He commissioned over 100 pieces during his lifetime, and sometimes collaborated with his pianist daughter Elena.

Glenn Gould

Name this musician, known for his interpretations of works by J. S. Bach, and for humming whilst performing.

Ruslan and Lyudmila

Name this nationalistic 1842 opera based on a Pushkin poem.

E

Name this note. A long, high, piercing harmonic on this note by the first violin signifies Smetana's deafness and interrupts the happy finale of his String Quartet No. 1 "From My Life," which is in this note's minor key.

The Nose

Name this opera whose second act contains a ballad with lyrics from The Brothers Karamazov accompanied by music from the balalaika and flexatone.

St. Paul

Name this oratorio that uses four female singers to represent the voice of Jesus. A suite for string orchestra with a similar title contains "Jig" and "Ostinato" movements and rearranges an English dance tune from a suite for band.

Ionisation

Name this percussion piece in which changes within rhytmic cells mirror a scientific phenomenon. This Futurist-inspired piece by Edgard Varese calls for a field drum and a lion's roar.

Franz Liszt (list)

Name this piano virtuoso who depicted a Cossack warrior in Mazeppa and wrote the overture Tasso.

Sonata Pathétique

Name this piano work, which opens with a fortepiano tonic chord, and features a repeated Mannheim Rocket motif, accompanied in the first movement by tremolo octaves in the left hand.

Quartet for the End of Time

Name this piece by Olivier Messiaen ("oh-leev-YAY mess-YAWN") whose second movement "Vocalise" represents an angel announcing the title event. Its "Abyss of Birds" movement consists of an extremely slow clarinet solo.

Rhapsody in Blue

Name this piece for piano and orchestra. It opens with a long trill on low F and 17-note rising diatonic scale.

"Pie Jesu" ("PEE-ay YAY-zoo")

Name this piece for solo soprano accompanied by organ. The word "sempiternam," or "everlasting," was added to the final repetition of the couplet that this piece was the first to set by itself.

Bachianas Brasileiras No. 5

Name this piece for the unusual ensemble of soprano and eight cellos. Its two movements, which each have a second Portuguese title in parentheses, are "Ária (Cantilena)" and "Dança (Martelo)."

Lincolnshire Posy

Name this piece for wind band dedicated to "the old folksingers who sang so sweetly to me." Its six movements are based on folk songs collected in a county in east England.

Solfeggietto in C minor

Name this piece often played with just the left hand, the second in the opus numbered 117 by Wotquenne. The best-known piece of the foremost "sensitive style" composer, this monophonic "little study" in C minor appears in many piano pedagogy book since it helps students learn to play even sixteen notes while alternating hands.

Roman Festivals

Name this piece that includes a mandolin solo in the third movement "October Harvest Festival." This piece's first movement, "Circuses," opens with fanfares from three buccine (boo-CHEE-nay) that are usually replaced with trumpets in modern orchestras.

Alban Berg's Violin Concerto

Name this piece whose revised version was premiered and later recorded by Daniel Hope. It was commissioned by Louis Krasner and dedicated "to the memory of an angel."

"Revolutionary" Etude

Name this piece, whose left hand part Alexander Dreyschock was renowned for playing in octaves. It opens with a sforzando chord followed by a legatissimo descending run that forms a dominant seventh chord.

Toccata in C Major, Opus 7

Name this piece, whose title is Italian for "touched" and refers to a type of piece more common in the Baroque era. It requires uncomfortable hand stretches, and its development includes long sections of sixteenth-note octaves.

Sergei Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 3

Name this piece. Its first movement is marked Allegro ma non tanto and starts with a so-called "Russian hymn."

Scott Joplin

Name this ragtime composer of Maple Leaf Rag and The Entertainer.

Tzigane ("tsee-GAHN")

Name this rhapsody that Maurice Ravel dedicated to Jelly d'Arányi after she played some "gypsy" music for him following a concert in London. Its name is derived from the French and Hungarian words for "Roma."

Mannheim school

Name this school, whose composers are also credited with introducing the grand pause and its namesake Roller. A swift rising and crescendoing figure named for this school opens Eine Kleine Nachtmusik.

"L'homme armé" (lum ar-MAY)

Name this secular tune popular in the 15th and 16th centuries. Scholars disagree as to whether Busnois or Guillaume du Fay was the first composer to write a cantus firmus mass based on this tune.

Young People's Concerts

Name this series broadcast on CBS whose 53 episodes were hosted by the musical director of the New York Philharmonic. Other entries included "Humor in Music" and "Who is Gustav Mahler?"

Má vlast

Name this set of six symphonic poems that includes depictions of the city of Tábor and the river Vltava ("vull-TAH-vah"). They are among the best-known compositions of Bedřich Smetana ("BED-rikh SMEH-tah-nah").

Three Gymnopédies

Name this set of three short ambient piano pieces in 3/4 time. They are named for a dance supposedly performed by naked Spartan youths.

Allegri's Miserere

Name this setting of Psalm 51 that was typically performed during Tenebrae service. This piece was banned from reproduction until a young Mozart supposedly transcribed the piece from memory after hearing it in a mass.

clarinet

Name this single-reed instrument. Mozart paired it with viola and piano in his "Kegelstatt" (KAY-gul-SHTOTT) Trio, and his final concerto, in A minor, was written for one of these instruments with an extended lower range.

guitar

Name this six-stringed instrument played by Christopher Parkening, Andrés Segovia, and Julian Bream that often accompanies a flamenco singer.

sarabande

Name this slow dance in triple meter that, in a Baroque suite, would typically come between the courante ("koo-RONT") and the gigue ("zheeg"). The fourth movement of Handel's Keyboard Suite in D minor is one of these dances.

ukulele

Name this small instrument with four strings. It is based on the cavaquinho (kuh-vuh-KEEN-yoo) or the machete (muh-SHET-chee) that Portuguese immigrants brought to Hawai'i.

Die schöne Magelone

Name this song cycle by Johannes Brahms based on a novella by Ludwig Tieck. The fifteen romances tell the story of a knight named Peter expressing his love for the princess of Naples.

Der Erlkönig

Name this song in which the pianist's right hand repeats G octaves in rapid triplets to represent the galloping of a horse carrying a father and son as they flee from the title character.

"Simple Gifts"

Name this song written by Joseph Brackett in 1848. A clarinet solo introduces this song in A-flat major in a section marked doppio movimento from a piece written for a ballet 96 years later.

piano four-hands

Name this specific ensemble for which Brahms's Hungarian Dances and Dvořák's Slavonic Dances were [emphasize] originally written. Most 19th-century listeners learned the orchestral repertoire via arrangements for this ensemble.

double bass

Name this string instrument played by Charles Mingus that forms a standard jazz trio with piano and drums.

Transfigured Night

Name this string sextet based on a poem by Richard Dehmel (REE-shot DAY-mel) about a woman who tells her lover that she is pregnant with another man's child.

An American in Paris

Name this symphonic poem. This work's composer suggests that "perhaps after strolling into a café and having a couple of drinks," this work's title protagonist "has succumbed to a spat of homesickness."

Sinfonia Antarctica

Name this symphony based on a film score. Its alla marcia, moderato epilogue is sometimes preceded by a diary excerpt reading "I do not regret this journey."

"The Inextinguishable"

Name this symphony. Its first movement ends with a "duel" between two timpanists playing portamento.

Hermit Songs

Name this ten-work song cycle for voice and piano premiered by the soprano Leontyne Price in 1953. This work's composer personally played the piano at that premiere.

La Folia

Name this theme whose "late" version was likely developed by Jean-Baptiste Lully. Handel's sarabande is based on this theme.

The Shape of Jazz to Come

Name this third album of jazz musician Ornette Coleman, the first to feature his most notable quartet. The opening track of this acclaimed 1959 album is "Lonely Woman."

In the Steppes of Central Asia

Name this tone poem by Alexander Borodin that depicts a caravan under Russian military protection by combining those two themes.

An Alpine Symphony

Name this tone poem depicting the titular mountain range. Four trombones play similar ascending chords as the opening of the composer's Also Sprach Zarathustra in this piece's "Peak" motif.

xylophone

Name this tuned percussion instrument that, in Western music, is considered to be a higher-pitched relative of the marimba. Camille Saint-Saëns (kuh-MEE san-SAWNS) used it to represent moving skeletons in the "Fossils" section of his Carnival of the Animals.

oratorio

Name this type of composition. Giacomo Carissimi's Jephte is the first masterpiece of this type of composition.

scherzo ("SKAIRT-soh")

Name this type of musical composition that is usually in 3/4 time. Beginning with Beethoven, one of these light, joking pieces often replaced the minuet in the trio-form third movement of a symphony.

fantasy

Name this type of piece with no strict form. Julian Fontana (YOO-lee-on fon-TAH-nah) prefixed this word to "Impromptu" when publishing a difficult piece after Chopin's death.

guitar

Name this typically six-stringed instrument played by Andres Segovia. Joaquin Rodrigo wrote his Concierto de Aranjuez for this instrument.

Prince Igor

Name this unfinished opera. In its section the "Polovetsian Dances," slaves perform a series of exotic dances for the title character.

Nannerl Mozart

Name this woman whose compositions have been lost or destroyed, and who was forced to stop performing when she turned eighteen in 1769.

clarinet

Name this woodwind instrument played by bandleaders Woody Herman and Benny Goodman. George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue opens with a glissando for this instrument.

Rhapsody

Name this word that accompanies the words "in Blue" and "in Rivets" in the titles of popular works by George Gershwin. Rachmaninov wrote a set of these works on a "theme by Paganini."

guqin ("goo-cheen")

Name this zither-like Chinese instrument. Unlike the similar guzheng ("goo-jung"), it does not have any movable bridges to change pitch. Korean or Japanese equivalents are also acceptable.

Leopold Mozart

Nannerl was the daughter of this music teacher who worked for the Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg and wrote A Treatise on the Fundamental Principles of Violin Playing. Many musicologists believe that he wrote the "Toy" symphony, and not Haydn.

1812 Overture

Near the climax, the orchestra plays a unison-octave descending C-B-flat-A-flat-G figure which is then developed before the music suddenly slows to the opening Largo tempo, just before the bells enter.

voice leading

Neo-Riemannian theory can analyze this concept, related to counterpoint, in which smoothly moving melodic lines are combined to form a harmonic progression and create polyphonic textures. Conventions relating to this concept include the avoidance of large leaps and parallel fifths.

enharmonic

Neo-Riemannian transformations can be visualized on an infinite grid called the Tonnetz ("TONE-nets"). The Tonnetz can be folded into a torus when analyzing equal temperament because notes like F-sharp and G-flat have this type of equivalence, meaning that they're spelled differently but have the same pitch.

four

Nielsen's "Inextinguishable" Symphony is of this number, and Nielsen's Second Symphony is named for this number of "temperaments." This is the typical number of movements in a symphony.

bassoon

Nielsen's Wind Quintet includes an optional low A playable by attaching a low A bell to this already low-pitched instrument. Typically, to reach such low notes as a singular B2 in "The Inextinguishable," this double-reed woodwind's "contra" cousin is used.

Ella Jane Fitzgerald

Norman Granz produced her namesake (*) "songbooks," a series of albums each dedicated to a different composer in the Great American Songbook.

Bill Monroe

Not to be confused with blues, the bluegrass genre is named for the Blue Grass Boys, a band led by this mandolinist and "Father of Bluegrass" until his death in 1996.

Mahler's Symphony No. 8 in E flat Major

Offstage trumpets and trombones introduce the final theme of the first movement of this work, the "Accende lumen sensibus" theme.

World War II

Olivier Messiaen wrote Quartet for the End of Time while imprisoned at Stalag VIII, a concentration camp during this war. Penderecki's Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima was inspired by this war.

Wayne Shorter

On her album Radio Music Society, Spalding covered "Endangered Species," a piece originally by this saxophonist and co-founder of Weather Report with Joe Zawinul.

Moonlight Sonata

On modern instruments, it is ill-advised to obey the composer's instruction to play the entire first movement of this piece with the sustain pedal depressed.

Finlandia

On the score for this piece, the composer wrote it is meant to be set "on great long hills, where tempests brood and gather, primeval earth beneath primeval sky."

Richard Georg Strauss

One ambitious orchestral suite by this composer quotes directly from Wagner to represent salmon from the Rhine during a dinner meal.

Franz Joseph Haydn

One bass aria by this composer uses scalar passages in the strings in D minor to represent the foaming seas and triplets in D major to represent a flowing brook.

Transcendental Etudes

One called "Remembrance" was said to conjure the image of old love letters by Ferruccio Busoni, who named the second and tenth ones.

Rigoletto

One character in this opera disguises himself as the student Gualtier Maldè.

I Pagliacci

One character is angered by another saying "I am yours always" as Colombina to a character playing Arlecchino in a play within this opera.

minimalism

One composer associated with this movement recorded Songs from Liquid Days.

Republic of Poland

One composer from this country used two string orchestras tuned a semitone apart for his piece Emanations.

Spain

One composer from this country was so impressed by the pianist Malats that he completed the lasttwo books of a suite to showcase extreme virtuosity on the piano.

Poland

One composer from this country wrote a piece whose opening Intrada movement contains a pedal F sharp throughout; that work was a Concerto for Orchestra.

Czech

One composer of this nationality mourned the death of another composer of this nationality in his Asrael Symphony.

minimalism

One composer whose music has been termed this used nine chord sequences in his tintinnabular Fratres, and he composed a piece called "Spiegel in Spiegel."

clarinet concertos

One composition of this type has a third movement titled "Antiphonal Toccata" and a first movement consisting of two cadenzas subtitled "ignis fatuus" and "corona solis."

serenade

One composition of this type is Max Bruch's op. 75 in A minor, essentially his fourth violin concerto as it's longer than the other three.

trumpet

One concerto for this instrument in A-flat major was composed by Alexander Arutiunian.

string quartets

One example of these works is Felix Mendelssohn's op. 13, which is often named for the question "Ist es war?" Another one of these pieces uses a sustained harmonic E to represent a ringing sound indicative of the composer's deafness.

preludes

One group of this kind of work includes a piece that interprets the mountains of Capri and includes "Le Vent dans la plaine" to depict the swirling of music.

Benjamin Britten

One movement from his best-known choral work intersperses the Lacrimosa with a text beginning "Move him into the sun" and also includes settings of "Strange Meeting" and "Anthem for Doomed Youth," poems by Wilfred Owen.

jazz drums

One musician who plays this instrument created an instrument he named the "RoyEl"; that musician is Future Man.

Piano trio

One of Johannes Brahms's compositions of this type was inspired by clarinetist Richard Muhlfeld; as such, the violin is replaced by the clarinet.

Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington

One of his compositions unusually alters Dixieland voicing in placing the trumpet and trombone above the clarinet.

Gustav Holst

One of this man's works opens as the tenor trombone and then English horn quote from the medieval hymn Pange Lingua before the chorus enters with the Vexilla Regis Prodeunt, and that work also narrates an initiation ritual between a student and master.

Charles "Bird" Parker, Jr.

One of this musician's works begins with an 8 bar introduction, then an 8 bar trumpet solo, then an 8 bar saxophone solo, then major third intervals between the trumpet and saxophone.

Richard Georg Strauss

One orchestral work by this composer uses tremolos and muted brass "mah's" to represent the dust cloud and sheep that belong to King Alifanfaron.

A minor

One piano concerto in this key contains an andante espressivo episode in 6/4 time, in which the soloist alternates with a clarinet in playing an A-flat major version of the main theme.

A minor

One piano concerto in this key was premiered with the composer's wife, Clara, as soloist.

Claude-Achille Debussy

One piano piece by this composer opens with the pianist playing E-B bare fifths with the right hand while the left hand plays a grace-note-laden pentatonic melody in E major and 3/4 time.

Maurice Ravel

One piece by this composer opens with a snare drum ostinato of eighth notes and sixteenth note triplets, and proceeds to a melody played by a solo flute, shortly joined by the clarinet.

saxophone

One player of this instrument names an alteration of the 12 bar blues featuring an extensive amount of II-V-I progressions--that set of changes is seen in "Blues for Alice."

Frederic Chopin

One posthumously published piano work by this man begins with an octave G-sharp in the left hand, followed by the ostinato of a C-sharp minor arpeggio sextuplet.

violin

One prominent virtuoso for this instrument wrote the pieces Schon Rosmarin and Tambourin Chinois.

War Requiem

One repeated motif in this work is the tritone C and F sharp, which bells play in the background as a soprano describes "lightning from the east" and "the Chariot Throne."

Carmina Burana: Cantiones profanae cantoribus et choris cantandae comitantibus instrumentis atque imaginibus magicis

One section of this work is notably instrumental and is simply called Tanz.

Water Music

One section of this work is played three times, first with a string ensemble, then with a pair of oboes and a bassoon, then with a both of the first two ensembles.

Johann Wolfgang Goethe

One setting of this man's writings to music is in a bizarre choice of F major and uses an ominous cello theme to represent the title figure's battles before the "Symphony of Victory" final movement.

Thelonious Monk

One song by this musician begins with him alternating between the notes G and C and was first composed for an album named after his "trio."

Arnold Schoenberg

One string sextet by this man opens with violas and cellos maintaining a D while the others strings enter in sequence, and also drew controversy for a single instance of an illegal inverted ninth chord.

Johannes Brahms

One theme in the finale of this composer's first symphony wasinspired by an alphorn melody, while another led to its being nicknamed "Beethoven's Tenth."

St. John's Night on Bald Mountain

One theme in this piece was cannibalized from a never-completedopera based on Gustave Flaubert's Salammbo.

The Mikado; or The Town of Titipu

One trio in this work contemplates sitting in "solemn silence" in a "dull, dark dock", awaiting the sensation of a "short, sharp shock".

Béla Viktor János Bartók

One work by him has a second movement in which pairs of instruments play the same tune in parallel intervals, while another features two string groups on both sides of the stage and has a third movement that uses timpani glissandi and the xylophone to invoke this composer's (*) "night music" style.

Franz Liszt

One work by this composer begins with single tone eighth notes before adding a second, third, and fourthtone to the eighth notes on the bass clef; that piece starts with an Allegro vivace (quasi presto) section in 3/8.

Heitor Villa-Lobos

One work by this composer features sections such as "Little Red Riding Hood's Bell" and "The Whip of the Little Devil".

Hector Berlioz

One work by this composer introduces two harp parts in the 3/8 second movement, in which they enterafter some string tremolos by playing rising triplet sixteenths on the F major triad.

Heitor Villa-Lobos

One work by this man, the tenth in a series, has a mostly wordless, percussive choral part but does contain excerpts from the poem "Tear Out my Heart."

Sir Edward Elgar

One work for piano and violin by this composer begins with two measures of syncopated E chords from the accompanying piano before the solo violin enters with the melody on a G-sharp.

Paul Hindemith

One work for solo piano by this composer includes a portion of twelve fugues and eleven interludes, modulating through the twelve major keys and concludes with a postludium that is a retrograde inversion of the preludium.

clarinet

One work for this instrument includes movements titled "The Perilous Shore" and "Put Your Loving Arms Around Me" and was influenced by the death of the composer's father to Alzheimer's.

serenades

One work of this type is a song cycle whose first and last movements are identical and required DennisBrain to play without moving his fingers.

violin concertos

One work of this type was criticized by Pierre Boulez who said, "Dodecaphony has more pressingduties than to tame a Bach chorale;" that criticism was directed at a work which referenced Bach's Es istgenug.

War Requiem

Organ cluster chords support children singing about God's promise to Abraham in this work's Offertorium.

Frederic Chopin

Other compositions by him include a waltz inspired by a dog chasing its tail and an etude commemorating the November Uprising.

clarinet

Other concertos for this instrument include two by (*) Carl Maria von Weber and a jazz-inspired one by Copland.

minimalism

Other exemplary pieces from this movement include one in which all musicians play the title note over 53 phrases, In C. Another composer of this style made music for The Portrait Trilogy, which are three operas focusing on Gandhi, Akhenaten, and Einstein.

serenades

Other movements of that work with this title include settings ofpoems by Cotton, Blake, and Tennyson, sung at the premiere by Peter Pears.

Ludwig van Beethoven

Outside of chamber music, he composed a funeral march in rondo form for one symphony, and his piano sonatas include the Appassionata.

Edvard Grieg

Over the course of three decades, he composed 10 books of 66 short piano pieces that were published as Lyric Pieces.

Tōru Takemitsu

Ozawa conducted the premiere of this Japanese composer's November Steps for biwa, shakuhachi, and orchestra. This composer wrote the score to Akira Kurosawa's Ran (ron).

Hector Berlioz

Paganini rejected one of this composer'sworks because it had too many rests in the solo viola part.

Kind of Blue

Paul Chambers was a bebop-era bassist known for playing many solos with the bow. One of Chambers's most famous roles is as a solo with Bill Evans on this album's first track.

Kleine Kammermusik

Paul Hindemith wrote eight chamber works that he gave this name, meaning "chamber music"; the Kleine ["KLY-nuh"] piece is a five-movement woodwind quintet. Its short third movement includes descants for each instrument, interrupted by a rhythmic ostinato.

jazz drums

Paul Motian played this instrument primarily, and another man who played this instrument was nicknamed "Klook" and played with Dizzy Gillespie on albums like The Giant and The Source.

The Mikado; or The Town of Titipu

Peep-Bo and Pitti-Sing are two of the "Three Little Maids from School" who accompany a character who is wooed by a character who has disguised himself as a wandering minstrel and is trying to steal her away from Ko-Ko.

St. Luke Passion

Penderecki used text from the Stabat Mater and a certain Gospel for this piece. It features three mixed choirs and makes heavy use of the B-A-C-H motif.

requiems

Penderecki wrote a "Polish" one of these pieces that omits the Offertorium and Sanctus, and whose "Lacrimosa" was originally a commission from Lech Wałęsa (vah-WEN-suh). Another one of these masses for the dead was left uncompleted by Mozart at his death.

pianoforte

Perhaps more famous compositions featuring this instrument include Grieg's only concerto for this instrument, in A minor, as well as Beethoven's Tempest and Hammerklavier sonata.

Belshazzar's feast

Perhaps the most well-known performance by the chorus was their 1931 premiere of this oratorio. That orchestration of this work featured some available brass bands from an earlier performance of Berlioz's requiem, and saw some members of the chorus object to singing the word "concubine" in this work.

John Coltrane

Pieces named after the planets are featured on his album, Interstellar Space, which was recorded with drummer Rashied Ali and released posthumously.

double bass or string bass or contrabass

Pithecanthropus Erectus was composed by Charles Mingus, who played, for 10 points, what member of the jazz rhythm section which is a low-pitched upright string instrument?

jazz drums

Played by Art Blakey, for 10 points, name this percussion instrument frequently played with two sticks.

John Adams

Players of Civilization IV have been introduced to his piece that contains a reflection of the "Dolorous Stroke" in the Fisher King and a meditation of Meister Eckhart, his Harmonielehre.

Symphony from the New World

Possible musical sources for this work include "Three Blind Mice" and "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" as well as numerous Native American and African-American spirituals.

Alexander Borodin

Prince Igor was left unfinished by this member of the Five who also composed In the Steppes of Central Asia.

Symphony no. 1

Rachmaninoff entered therapy with Dr. Nikolai Dahl after the failure of his symphony of this number, which left him in such a depression that he composed nothing for three years.

Isle of the Dead

Rachmaninoff wrote his third concerto around the same time as this symphonic poem based on a black and white Arnold Bocklin painting. A recurring 5/8 motif in this tone poem may represent the rowing of oars.

crux

Ralph Kirkpatrick posited that Scarlatti's sonatas contained this pivotal point, before which the sonata contains its main theme, and after which it modulates away from the home key, and then returns back to it.

French horn

Reinhold Glière's concerto for this instrument in B flat major contains a cadenza that was first improvised by its original player, Valery Polekh.

Anton Bruckner

Renate Grasberger devised the catalogue of the works of this composer, whose music was the specialty of conductor Eugen Jochum.

piano concertos by Sergei Vasielievich Rachmaninoff

Rhapsody in Blue influenced the fourth of these works, a poorly-received piece that was its composer's first work following an exile.

George Gershwin

Rhapsody in Blue is by this composer of An American in Paris and Porgy and Bess.

French horn

Richard Strauss wrote two concertos for this instrument in E flat major; the first was composed for his father, who found it too difficult to play, while the other was written sixty years later.

serenade

Right-hand E-B chords play between left-hand eighth-note Es in the third part of Debussy's Children's Corner, one of these "for a doll."

Chopin's études

Robert Schumann was a great admirer of one of them nicknamed (*) "Aeolian Harp."

violin

Rodolphe Kreutzer was the dedicatee of a Beethoven sonata for this instrument.

Ottorino Respighi (ress-PEEG-ee)

Roman Festivals is the third in a trilogy of pieces about Rome, including Pines of Rome and Fountains of Rome, by this Italian composer.

Partitas for Solo Violin

Ross observes hints of that lament figure in the grueling Ciaccona (cha-KOH-na) movement in D minor from one of these solo violin pieces by J. S. Bach, which are paired with sonatas.

Danse Macabre

Saint-Saëns used the xylophone to represent rattling bones in this tone poem. The solo violin's E string is tuned down to an E-flat in this piece so that it can play a tritone on two open strings.

xylophone

Saint-Saëns used this wooden pitched percussion instrument to represent skeletons dancing in his Danse macabre (donce muh-KOB). He used these instruments to parody his Danse macabre in the "Fossils" movement of The Carnival of the Animals.

furniture music

Satie used this term to describe "Phonic Tiling," "Forged Iron Tapestry," and two other pieces intended for entr'actes. These short, repetitive, but "not boring" works were meant to be played as background music and not actively listened to.

Pierrot Lunaire

Schoenberg used Sprechstimme in this melodrama based on 21 poems by Albert Giraud (zhee-ROH) about a commedia dell'arte character. It now names a standard five-person ensemble.

Death

Schubert's most popular quartet is based on a song about this character's encounter with a maiden. Medieval personifications of this character leading a dance inspired Camille Saint-Saëns's Danse macabre.

Piano trio

Sergei Rachmaninoff also wrote two compositions for this ensemble described as "elegiac," the second of which was written while Rachmaninoff was mourning Tchaikovsky's death.

Paganini's Caprices

Several of them call for slur staccatos and double stops.

idée fixe

Several pieces by Varese, including Arcana, make use of one of these phrases, distinguished from a Wagnerian concept by the fact that they are not transposed. In a symphony, one of these "obsessive" phrases represents English actress Harriet Smithson.

Billie Holiday

Shaw's band briefly employed this black singer, who quit after being asked to use the service elevator at the Lincoln Hotel. She co-wrote "God Bless the Child" with Arthur Herzog, Jr.

Ella Fitzgerald

She gained fame for her recording of the nursery rhyme "A-Tisket, A-Tasket."

Ella Jane Fitzgerald

She made her name singing in the Savoy Ballroom with Chick Webb and with her recording of "A-Tisket, A-Tasket".

walking bass

Skilled jazz bassists often use this simple accompaniment technique made of a steady series of notes, often moving stepwise, to transition between chords. Electric guitar or piano can also be used to pull off this technique, which is also fairly common in Baroque music.

violin concertos or violin concerti

Sofia Gubaidulina wrote a work in this form called Offertorium.

Frederick the Great

Solfeggietto composer C.P.E. Bach worked for both this musician and his sister Anna Amalia. This composer and flautist gave Johann Sebastian Bach the theme used to create The Musical Offering.

Mahler's Symphony No. 8 in E flat Major

Solo parts for soprano and tenor introduce the second melody in the first movement of this work, the singing of "Imple superna gratia," and the second movement depicts the Mater Gloriosa and Doctor Marianus in vocalist parts.

symphonies by Jean Sibelius

Some critics suggest that the second of these works depicts the struggle for freedom inFinland.

St. John's Night on Bald Mountain

Some of the harmonies used in this piece were so bold that its composer quipped that "I shall be told totake a Conservatory class for these."

François Couperin ("coop-RAN")

Sometimes, a gavotte ("guh-VOT") would be added between the sarabande and the gigue, such as in the first suite of Concert Royaux ("con-SAIR rwah-YO") by this composer of The Mysterious Barricades.

John Cage

Sonatas and Interludes and 4'33" are by this avant-garde composer.

Felix Mendelssohn

St. Paul is by this Romantic composer who re-popularized the music of J. S. Bach by conducting a noteworthy performance of the St. Matthew Passion. He also wrote the Scottish and Italian symphonies.

St. John's Night on Bald Mountain

Stokowski's 1940 arrangement of this pieceeliminated a fanfare marking the entrance of Chernobog.

Surprise Symphony or Haydn's Symphony No. 94 in G or Sinfonie mit dem Paukenschlag or Symphony with the kettledrum hit

Students are commonly taught a rhyme making fun of the composer of this piece that is sung to the tune of the opening bars of its second movement and makes reference to his nickname (*) "Papa."

Hungarian Dances

Sunday concerts for other women prisoners sometimes included these lively pieces. Originally composed for piano four hands, this set of 21 pieces was adapted from national themes by Johannes Brahms.

Édouard Lalo

Symphonie Espagnole is the best known work of this French Romantic composer - also known for his G Minor final symphony, and his opera Le Roi d'Ys.

violin

Sándor ("SHAWN-dor") and Roby Lakatos ("LAH-kah-tohsh") are members of a family of Romani musicians renowned for playing this instrument. Modern players of this instrument include L. Shankar and Hilary Hahn.

Oboe

Tchaikovsky uses this instrument to introduce the main theme to his Swan Lake with an opening solo.

Symphony no. 1

Tchaikovsky's "Winter Daydreams" and Schumann's "Spring" are examples of, for 10 points, what numbered symphonies that include Mahler's "Titan" and an E flat major piece composed by Mozart at age 8?

Béla Bartók

That "Night Music" style characterizes the "Elegia" movement of an orchestral work which also includes a parody of Shostakovich's "Leningrad" Symphony in its "Intermezzo interrotto" movement.

requiem mass

That "Pie Jesu" is from a D minor piece of this type. Another D minor piece of this type that was finished by Franz von Sussmayr uses the full "Dies Irae."

violin concerto

That A minor work of this type was premiered by Leopold Auer.

Surprise Symphony or Haydn's Symphony No. 94 in G or Sinfonie mit dem Paukenschlag or Symphony with the kettledrum hit

That Andante second movement of this work begins in 2/4 with the violins playing C, C, E, E, G, G, E. It is the second of the London symphonies.

Scarlatti

That Cat Fugue was composed by Domenico, a member of this family who wrote 555 keyboard sonatas. His father was an operatic composer who used the "Italian overture" and the da capo aria, Alessandro.

Ludwig van Beethoven

That E-flat major symphony is regarded as a turning point toward Romanticism.

Johannes Brahms

That E-flat work, a modification of apiano trio, is this man's Horn Trio.

double bass or string bass or contrabass

That album's title track depicts humanity's (*) evolution from the title species.

madrigals

That composer also introduced the string tremolo in one these works, The Combat of Tancredi and Clorinda, which was included in his eighth book of these pieces, which often include eleaborate word-painting.

Poland

That composer of the St. Luke Passion also used the technique of tone clusters in a piece written for exactly (*) 52 strings, his Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima.

Czech

That composer of this nationality depicted the title warrior maiden drugging and slaying an army in "Sarka" and the Moldau river in "Vlatva" , tone poems in his Ma Vlast.

Gustav Holst

That composition begins with "Mars, Bringer of War."

Moonlight Sonata

That first movement, which opens with a modified Phrygian progression, is recognizable for its polyrhythmic motif and its opening triplets.

Charles Edward Ives

That fugal first movement is recycled into the third movement of this composer's fourth symphony, which begins by quoting "Joy to the World."

Arnold Schoenberg

That is "Summer Morning by a Lake" from his Five Pieces for Orchestra.

Republic of Poland

That man's third symphony sets to music a prayer written on a Gestapo jail cell.

minimalism

That man, Arvo Part, is an Estonian practitioner of the sacred type of this movement.

waltzes

That most famous work of this type depicts an Eastern European waterway.

Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 2

That movement is titled "Urlicht".

Béla Bartók

That movement is written in a style that evokes the sounds of nocturnal creatures, which takes its name from a movement in his suite Out of Doors.

Suite Bergamasque

That movement of this work was orchestrated by André Caplet, who orchestrated several of its composer's works.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

That music competition held in Moscow is named for this composer of Piano Concerto No. 1 in B-flat minor. American pianist Van Cliburn made history by winning that inaugural competition at the height of the Cold War.

Alban Berg

That opera by this man, in which the title character is desired simultaneously by the Acrobat, the Schoolboy, and Dr. Schon, includes Jack the Ripper who kills both the lesbian Countess Geschwitz and the title character.

Franz Joseph Haydn

That oratorio by him, with libretto by Baron von Swieten, opens with "The Representation of Chaos", leading to a gigantic C major cadence when the archangel Raphael and the chorus utter: "And God said let there be light, and there was light!".

Hector Berlioz

That orchestral work depicts Harriet Smithson with an idee fixe.

Gustav Holst

That period also saw the completion of the Brook Green Suite and a work which depicts "The Mystic," "The Bringer of Peace," and "The Bringer of Jollity."

A minor

That piano concerto in this key has an andantino grazioso Intermezzo in F major and 2/4 time as its second movement.

Charles Ives

That piano trio by this composer contains a presto movement marked "TSIAJ."

Aaron Copland

That piece also includes "Dance" and "Burlesque" movements and is called Music for the Theatre.

Ottorino Respighi

That piece by this composer ends with the recorded use of a nightingale's song.

Richard Strauss

That piece by this composer of Aus Italien depicts the title character with a lilting theme in F major in 6/8 for solo horn, and opens with a "once upon a time" theme.

serenades

That piece is BenjaminBritten's work of this type "for Tenor, Horn, and Strings."

Paul Hindemith

That piece is his Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Carl Maria von Weber.

Danse Macabre

That piece is this tone poem by Camille Saint-Saens that uses a harp to represent the stroke of midnight.

serenade

That piece precedes "Festa no sertão" in Ciclo brasileiro by Villa-Lobos and is titled "Impressions of a musician" described by this word.

Charles Ives

That piece uses a trumpet to intone "the perennial question of existence" against the flutes, which represents man's search.

Lyric

That piece was quoted in a more famous composition known by this term, which incorporates the musical signature "A, B-flat, H, F" in reference to the composer's torrid affair with Franz Werfel's sister.

saxophone

That player of this instrument had some of his work transcribed by Jamey Aebersold into his namesake Omnibook, which contains tracks such as "Confirmation," "Ko-Ko," "Yardbird Suite," and "Ornithology."

Sir Edward Elgar

That same concerto begins with the soloist playing two massive E minor chords.

Suite Bergamasque

That same movement of this work is in 9/8, is marked "Andante, tres (*) expressif," and begins with an F-A-flat third on beat two, echoed one octave higher on beat three.

Sir Edward Elgar

That same work's ninth movement renders the theme in E-flat and 3/4 time and is nicknamed "Nimrod."

Shostakovich's Thirteenth Symphony

That scherzo movement is ironically titled "Humour," while its third section, "In the (*) Store," is dedicated to common women, lamenting the time they must wait in line for groceries and condemning those who would shortchange them.

Czech Republic

That second movement, The Moldau, depicts the Vltava, a river in this country. Formerly known as Bohemia, this country was the home to composers like Antonín Dvořák ["duh-VORE-zhack"] and Bedřich Smetana.

Carmina Burana: Cantiones profanae cantoribus et choris cantandae comitantibus instrumentis atque imaginibus magicis

That section describes a swan being roasted on a spit and is titled "Olim lacus colueram" All of the movements of this piece are derived from a manuscript found in a Benedictine monastery in Bavaria.

Charles Mingus

That song appeared on an album heavily influenced by church music, including the tracks "Wednesday Night Prayer Meeting" and "My Jelly Roll Soul."

Charles Mingus

That song, "Fables of Faubus," appeared on an album along with his tracks "Better Get It in Your Soul" and a song written as a tribute to Lester Young, "Goodbye Porkpie Hat."

Lyric

That string quartet, which features Fritz Klein's all-interval row, was inspired by Alexander Zemlinksy's "symphony" of this type.

Carl Nielsen

That timpani duel occurs in this Danish composer's "Inextinguishable" Symphony. He wrote the operas Maskarade and Saul og David.

Richard Strauss

That tone poem is based on a work of Friedrich Nietzsche's.

Dmitri Shostakovich

That trip to Dresden inspired the composition of the eighth of his fifteen string quartets.

Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky

That work ends with a song depicting the title figure as a Field-Marshal.

Oboe

That work gained the name "The Hen" based on the dotted eighth note sixteenth note rhythm given to this instrument.

clarinet concertos

That work is by John Corigliano.

Richard Georg Strauss

That work is for orchestra and cello and depicts ten variations of the title character, who ends up fighting the Knight of the White Moon.

string quartets of Joseph Haydn

That work is named for its opening motif of falling tonic anddominant open fifths, similar to the chimes of Big Ben.

Charles Edward Ives

That work is paired with another piece in which the trumpet represents the title entity, followed by woodwinds that respond to it.

Gustav Holst

That work is partially based on the writings of Alan Leo.

Richard Georg Strauss

That work opens with a "Once Upon a Time" theme and uses a horn and D clarinet to represent the title folk hero.

timpani

That work requires them to change their pitch while playing, features them at opposite ends of theorchestra, and is Carl Nielsen's "Inextinguishable" Symphony.

Georg Friedrich Händel

That work was composed for (*) fifty wind instruments and was called Ouverture.

Leos Janacek

That work was written for the Sokol Festival, and this man's greatest champion in the conducting world was Sir Charles Mackerras.

Joaquin Rodrigo Vidre

That work's third movement alternates between 2/4 and 3/4 time, but is better known for its (*) second movement, which features an English horn in a "dialogue of instruments" that also features a soft guitar melody.

glass harmonica

The "Aquarium" movement was [emphasize] originally scored for piano, strings, and this instrument, though substitutes are frequently employed. Benjamin Franklin invented a new version of this instrument.

string quartets of Joseph Haydn

The "Erdody" set contains the best known ones, such as"Emperor."

violin

The "F.A.E.Sonata" was written for a player of this instrument, Joseph Joachim, who also revived Bach's "Sonatas andPartitas."

Anton Bruckner

The "Farewell to Life" third movement of one composition is its last, and thus the symphony following his "Apocalyptic" is unfinished.

Léo Delibes ("duh-LEEB")

The "Flower Duet" is from the opera Lakmé by this composer of the ballets Sylvia and Coppélia.

Hector Berlioz

The "Orgy of Brigands" movement marks the end of a work for viola and orchestra that was composed while he was staying in Abruzzo, Harold in Italy.

Robert Schumann

The "Sphinxes" movement is often omitted from his Opus 9, which includes the musical cryptogram A-S-C-H and movements titled for Florestan and Eusebius.

Alma Mahler

The "angel" in the dedication of Berg's violin concerto was the child of an architect and this person. This person inspired a happy theme in an Austrian composer's "Tragic" symphony.

"The Man I Love"

The "shuffle" theme from Rhapsody in Blue is similar to a melody in this popular song by Gershwin, whose opening line is "When the moon begins to beam."

5/4 (five-four) time

The "Ária" of Bachianas Brasileiras No. 5 by Heitor Villa-Lobos (ay-TOR vee-luh-LOH-boos) is mostly in this time signature. Villa-Lobos used it in the languid middle section of the toccata Festa no sertão from Ciclo brasileiro to evoke the African-influenced rhythms of sertanejo (sair-tuh-NAY-zhoo), or Brazilian country music.

Symphony No. 9 in E minor

The (*) English horn solo in this work's largo 2nd movement uses the pentatonic scale, and this work was written after its composer became the director of the National Conservatory of Music in New York City.

preludes

The 1725 notebook contains a version of a piece of this type that opens with a repeated C major arpeggio and opens J. S. Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier, which pairs these short pieces with fugues in all 24 keys.

A Sea Symphony

The 1910 Leeds festival was notable for featuring the premiere of this symphony by Ralph Vaughan-Williams. This symphony sets several poems by Walt Whitman to music, and its final movement is "The Explorers."

Symphony No. 9 in E minor

The 4th movement of this work begins with half steps rising from B to C in the strings, leading to that movement's theme being introduced by the French horns and trumpets.

Republic of Poland

The Copernican Symphony, the Symphony of Sorrowful Songs, and Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima are all from, for 10 points, what country, the home of Henryk Gorecki and Krzysztof Penderecki?

Georg Friedrich Händel

The Duke of Cumberland's victory at Culloden prompted one of his oratorios, which drew from Josephus.

Harry Burleigh

The English horn solo in the largo of Dvorak's ninth was inspired by this black singer, who introduced the composer to spirituals at the National Conservatory.

Symphony from the New World

The English horn solo in the second movement was inspired by the singing of Harry Burleigh.

violin

The Freeman Etudes for this instrument were composed by John Cage.

Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky

The French princess Eugene Murat commissioned "Five Easy Pieces", a set of piano duets by this composer. This composer wrote the Dumbarton Oaks concerto in his neoclassical phase.

Samuel Barber

The Hermit Songs were written by this American composer. This composer is best-known for a B-flat minor orchestral work adapted from his Opus 11 String Quartet, his Adagio ["uh-DAHJ-ee-oh"] for Strings.

idiophones ("ID-ee-oh-phones")

The Hornbostel-Sachs system includes chordophones, aerophones, and these instruments that sound by vibrating themselves instead of relying on strings or membranes. They include xylophones, maracas, and gongs.

I Pagliacci

The Intermezzo of this opera echoes the baritone solo that opened it.

trumpet

The International Guild of this instrument is currently headed by David Hickman.

Arnold Schoenberg

The Jewish chorus intones Sh'ma Ysrael to conclude his piece depicting a ghetto, A Survivor from Warsaw.

embouchure

The Native American flutes played by Tommy Wildcat and Hawk Littlejohn are duct flutes, which are easier to pick up than flutes named for these often-difficult facial formations. This French term also describes the opening formed by the mouth through which brass players make sound.

Dmitri Shostakovich

The Nose is by this Soviet composer of Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District. He composed fifteen symphonies including "Leningrad."

Diabelli Variations

The People United Will Never Be Defeated was inspired by this set of 33 variations by Beethoven on a rather banal waltz by another composer. While this piece is mostly in C major, its 32nd variation is a triple fugue in E-flat major.

trumpet

The Prince of Denmark's March is known as this instrument's voluntary.

drums

The Quintet's player of this instrument was Max Roach, who formed the ensemble M'Boom with Joe Chambers. This instrument's modern form was pioneered by Armand Zildjian and a frequent collaborator of Benny Goodman.

Sonny Rollins

The Simpsons character Bleeding Gums Murphy's tendency to play on a bridge was a reference to thismusician's habit of practicing on the Williamsburg Bridge in New York City.

Ludwig Van Beethoven

The Sonata Pathétique is a work by this German composer, whose other piano works include the "Hammerklavier" and "Moonlight" sonatas.

C Minor

The Sonata Pathétique is in this key, which Beethoven favoured for his most dramatic works. The funeral march from his Eroica Symphony is in this key, as is his Fifth Symphony.

Claudio Monteverdi

The Vespers of 1610 were written by this Italian composer, whose operas include The Coronation of Poppea and L'Orfeo.

"Pathetique" Sonata

The adagio cantabile second movement from this C minor piano sonata is believed to have been inspired by Mozart's Piano Sonata No. 14. This sonata shares its nickname with Tchaikovsky's Sixth Symphony.

Piano Sonatas by Charles Ives

The best known of these works repeatedly quotes the opening of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, has the player strike the keyboard with a fourteen and three quarter inch long piece of wood, and contains sections titled "Emerson," "Hawthorne," and "Thoreau."

Olivier Messiaen

The best-known composer for the Ondes Martenot is this Frenchman, whose works for it include Fête des belles eaux. He reused that work's melody in his Quartet for the End of Time, which he wrote as a prisoner of war.

Gustav Holst

The body of that Hymn of Jesus was taken from the Gnostic gospels, while Thomas Hardy's The Return of the Native provided the inspiration for his tone poem Egdon Heath, and he inserted "Greensleeves" into the "Dargason" movement which concludes a suite written for string orchestra while he was music director at a girl's school.

Richard Strauss

The bombing of Dresden inspired this composer's Metamorphosen.

Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich

The cello opens playing artificial harmonics at the beginning of this composer's second piano trio, after which the violin plays a similar theme beginning a minor third higher.

symphonies of Johannes Brahms

The chaconne in the finale of one of these works was adapted from Bach's cantata "For Thee, O Lord, I long."

Iberia

The characteristic 3/4 time of the jota figures in its A-flat opening movement Evocation, which precedes a D-flat major piece inspired by a quiet port.

Hector Berlioz

The chorus alternatesbetween A and B flat for much of the "Offertorium" section of this composer's Requiem, which requiresnorthern, eastern, southern, and western (*) offstage brass bands.

motet

The clausula sections of early organa of the Notre Dame School served as predecessors to these compositions. These polyphonic pieces were usually set to sacred Latin texts and were contrasted with the secular madrigal.

clarinet concertos

The composer of one work of this type briefly considered recasting the first movement as an Elegy for Strings; the lyrical quality of that work's first movement contrasts with the jazzy second movement, which ends with a glissando.

Thomas Tallis

The composer of the aforementioned symphonies, Ralph (rafe) Vaughn Williams, wrote a fantasia based on this earlier composer's "Why Fum'th (fume-eth) In Fight." This Elizabethan composer also wrote Spem in alium.

Beethoven's Symphony No. 6 in F major, Opus 68

The composer of this piece included a brief description in the program, which called this piece "moreof an expression of feeling than a painting."

Symphony No. 6

The composer of this piece indicated that the flute at the end of the second movement imitates a nightingale, while the clarinet imitates a cuckoo bird. That movement of this symphony is subtitled "Scene by the Brook."

1812 Overture

The composer of this piece wrote to his patron that it would be "without artistic merit, because I wrote it without warmth or love."

Symphonie Fantastique: Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste...en cinq parties

The composer of this work later wrote a kind of sequel to it called Lelio.

piano concertos by Sergei Vasielievich Rachmaninoff

The composer quipped that his inspiration for the second of these works was "twenty-five rubles," and reportedly said he wrote the third of these pieces "for elephants."

Harold in Italy

The composer's memoirs reveal this work features "two harp-notes doubled by the flutes, oboes, and horns" to suggest the chiming of convent bells in its second movement.

George Frideric Handel

The creator of Music for the Royal Fireworks, for 10 points, this German composer for George I known for pieces like Water Music and The Messiah.

Johannes Brahms

The death of this composer's mother, Christiane, helped determine the instrumentation of a chamberwork in which the cello was replaced with a certain brass instrument.

drum

The djembe ["JEM-bay"] is an instrument of this type which dates back to the Mali empire and is still used extensively in West African music, particularly for dancing.

Ludwig von Beethoven's Symphonies (prompt on partial answer)

The eighth one these works by this composer contains a third movement in which the horns and clarinet engage in a trio before the minuet theme is carried by the clarinet solo.

pianoforte

The favorite instrument of virtuosi like Chopin and Lizst, for 10 points, name this instrument that comes in grand and upright varieties for which the Fantasie-Impromptu and Transcendental Etudes were composed.

symphonies by Jean Sibelius

The fifth of these works ends with five dominant chords separated by grandpauses, followed by a final tonic E-flat chord.

Brandenburg Concertos

The fifth of these works has a long solo cadenza for the harpsichord.

Brandenburg Concertos

The fifth of these works was a show-piece for an instrument that Michael Mietke delivered to the court of Koethen.

Das Lied von der Erde

The fifth piece in this work slows the tempo of the strings to imitate the beating heart of a girl that is looking at riders who are passing by.

Dizzy Gillespie

The final member of "the Quintet" was this "Salt Peanuts"-shouting, Cab Calloway-stabbing, bent trumpet- playing, cheek-puffing virtuoso. This composer of "A Night in Tunisia" was one of bebop's main pioneers.

La Mer or The Sea

The final movement is described as a "dialogue with the wind," and the original score for this work included Hokusai's Great Wave off Kanagawa on the cover.

Symphony no. 1

The final movement of Beethoven's symphony of this number begins with the violins repeatedly playing a partial scale; that symphony was premiered in (*) 1800.

the symphonies of Jean Sibelius

The finale of that work closes with six chords separated by silent pauses, an also features a theme in the horns inspired by swans taking flight.

Johannes Brahms

The finale of the first symphony by this composer opens with four descending bass notes that lead into a horn theme reminiscent of the "Fate Motif" from Beethoven's fifth symphony.

A London Symphony

The finale of this symphony by the same composer goes from Andante con moto to Maestoso alla marcia to Allegro to Lento, and contains an epilogue based on Tono-Bungay's last chapter. A harp imitates the Westminster Chimes throughout this symphony.

Muzio Clementi

The first movement of Children's Corner parodies this Italian-born composer's set of keyboard studies Gradus ad Parnassum. This piano pedagogue competed against Mozart in a piano duel in 1781.

Hector Berlioz

The first movement of his most notable piece depicts "reveries and passions" and concludes with a dream depicting "the witches sabbath."

Sir Edward Elgar

The first movement of one of this man's concertos includes a 12/8 middle section that opens with the clarinets playing a syncopated eighth note rhythm.

symphonies by Johannes Brahms

The first movement of the fourth of these works features a series of descending thirds reminiscent of this composer's song "O Tot."

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

The first movement of this man's Piano Concerto No. 1 in B-flat minor opens with four horns playing "F, D-flat, C, B-flat" and the piano's huge entrance of three ascending D-flat major block chords. This composer wrote Marche Slave (marsh slahv) and the Pathétique symphony.

Francis Poulenc

The first movement of this man's flute sonata features the slightly oxymoronic tempo marking "Allegro malinconico," while his clarinet sonata opens with a similarly odd "Allegro tristamente."

Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6, Op. 74 or "Pathétique"

The first movement of this work launches into an explosive allegro vivo after the clarinet and bassoon finish the second theme, though the latter can be substituted for bass clarinet to achieve the necessary dynamic level.

Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 2

The first movement of this work was originally intended as a tone poem called "Funeral Rites," and this work's final movement, a choral setting of a text by Klopstock, exhorts "O Glaube!" and promises that "you will rise again."

Brandenburg Concertos

The first of these compositions features horn calls and ends with a polacca and trio, and may have been derived from the composer's (*) Hunting Cantata.

Piano Sonatas by Charles Ives

The first of these works contains a bass line written in three-fourths time despite the 4/4 time signature in its setting of the ragtime melody "In the Inn" and was premiered by William Masselos.

Symphonies by Felix Mendelssohn

The first of these works is in C Minor and is best known for its 6/4 Menuetto section, while the final one of these works has a third andante movement that showcases the strings and incorporates (*) hymns such as the "Dresden Amen" and "A Mighty Fortress Is Our God."

piano concertos by Sergei Vasielievich Rachmaninoff

The first of these works opens with a brass fanfare followed by a cascade of Grieg-inspired triplet chords by the soloist; that work is in F-sharp minor and was the composer's first major work.

Johannes Brahms

The first of those was written as a thank you for an honorary doctorate degree from the University of Breslau, and this man's first symphony is sometimes called "Beethoven's Tenth."

Béla Viktor János Bartók

The first part of this composer's Two Portraits is the first movement of his first string quartet, which is dominated by the "love motif" inspired by the violinist Stefi Geyer.

elegy

The first piece in Morceaux de fantaisie is a piano piece titled for this literary genre. The adjectival form of this genre names two piano trios by Rachmaninoff, the first of which has only a single movement.

The Four Seasons

The first piece in this work was adapted into a flute solo by philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Philip Glass's second violin concerto attempts to Americanize this set of works.

Spain

The first piece of that "collection of 12impressions" is an A minor "Evocation," and its composer also wrote a "Prelude" and "Orientale" to beginanother work.

trumpet

The flugelhorn, like the cornet, is extremely similar to this primary instrument of Wynton Marsalis, Roy Hargrove, and Louis Armstrong.

Achille-Claude Debussy

The fourth and last section of a piano suite by this composer is inF sharp minor and begins with many bars of staccato arpeggios in the left hand; that is the (*) "Passepied"of a suite that begins with a "Prelude" and "Menuet."

Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich

The fourth movement of Bartók's Concerto for Orchestra parodies the 22-bar "invasion theme" of another of this man's symphonies.

G minor

The fourth movement of Mozart's 40th symphony, which is in this key, opens with a Mannheim rocket. Mozart's only two minor key symphonies are in this key, the relative minor of B-flat major.

Pathetique Symphony

The fourth movement of this piece ends with an andante giusto section whose melody is played by muted strings.

Symphonies by Felix Mendelssohn

The fourth of these works begins in A Major but ends in A Minor after a section inspired by a Saltarello dance, while the third of these was written on the same trip that inspired its composer's Hebrides Overture.

the symphonies of Jean Sibelius

The fourth of these works opens with a C-D-F-sharp-E progression in the low strings and bassoons, while the fifth of them opens with a brief horn call which then evolves through repetition to form the main body of the movement.

Transcendental Etudes

The fourth of these works uses a fingering involving the second and fourth fingers in a melody that represents a galloping horse gradually losing strength and was based on a Victor Hugo poem about a Cossack, (*) "Mazeppa."

symphonies by Johannes Brahms

The fourth of these works, which makes heavy use of piccolos and triangles in the third movement, contains a chaconne comprising thirty-two variations of the cantata Nach Dir, Herr, verlanget mich by J.S. Bach.

Johannes Brahms

The fourth symphony of this man contains a setting of Nach dir, Herr, verlanget mich, which was attacked by contemporary critic Edouard Hanslick.

Brandenburg Concertos

The gamba players are given an unusual supporting role in the last of these pieces, which is scored for no violins.

La Mer or The Sea

The glockenspiel does not enter until the second movement, and the third movement opens with a pianissimo timpani and bass drum roll, followed by hurrying fragments in the strings.

seven

The guqin used to have fewer strings, but two more were added during the Zhou ("joe") dynasty, giving it this many strings. This is the number of notes in a major scale.

Francis Poulenc

The influence of the cabaret is illustrated by such piano works as his Mouvements perpetuels.

bassoon

The largo of Shostakovich's 9th symphony begins with trombones and tuba introducing a solo for this instrument, and although it's not a viola, Carl Maria von Weber's Andante and Hungarian Rondo is for this instrument.

Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 in C-sharp minor

The lassan ("LAW-shawn") section of this piano piece by Liszt begins in the tempo Lento a capriccio ("LEN-toh ah kah-PREE-cho") with a C-sharp major chord, but rapidly establishes the main key of C-sharp minor.

Ottorino Respighi

The program notes of another piece by this composer state that the opening depicts herds of cattle in the mist before a blast of the horns above the trills showcase a precession of naiads.

Achille-Claude Debussy

The last movement of one of this composer's works juxtaposes staccato arpeggios played on the left hand with flowing melodies played on the right and tries to evoke the archaic sound of the clavecin in its "menuet" movement that is not written in the traditional "minuet and trio" form.

Symphonie Fantastique: Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste...en cinq parties

The last movement of this piece features the first solo for an E-flat clarinet in a symphonic orchestra rather than a military band, and contains a parody of the Dies Irae that is intermingled with diabolical dance music.

vocalise (vo-kah-LEEZ)

The last of Rachmaninoff's 14 Romances, Opus 34, is one of these wordless songs in C-sharp minor. Fauré and Messiaen (mess-YAWN) wrote études of this type, and one by Ravel is in the form of a habanera.

Brandenburg Concertos

The last of these compositions features a third movement gigue that turns out to be a set of variations on a ritornello theme presented in the first movement.

symphonies of Johannes Brahms

The last of these has a 6/8 andante moderato second movement as well as an allegro giocoso third movement, which is the only movement in which the piccolo and triangle play; that last one of these works is in E minor.

the symphonies of Jean Sibelius

The last of these works features a theme named for the composer's wife Aino and is in only one movement.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

The last of this man's symphonies is the Pathetique.

Wozzeck (VOT-seck)

The latter Marie appears in this Alban Berg (ALL-bahn BAIRG) opera based on a play by Georg Büchner. Its title character is inflamed with jealousy after seeing Marie dancing with the Drum Major.

I Pagliacci

The lead soprano in this opera sings an aria in admiration of birds in the sky, "Stridono lassu".

Suite Bergamasque

The left hand then alternates between A-flat and E-flat in sixteenth notes as the movement returns to D-flat major.

Giacomo Puccini

The male protagonist of that opera by this composer reflects on hearing his beloved's name for the first time in "Donna, non vidi mai".

Arnold Schoenberg

The medieval Danish legend of Waldermar and Tove as written by Jens Peter Jacobsen inspired this man's cantata for voices and orchestra that depicts Castle Gurre.

Chopin's études

The melody of one of these works by this composer, marked "Presto con fuoco," largely consists of sixteenth-note runs, alternating between the left and right hands every few bars.

Tristan und Isolde

The middle section of "Golliwog's Cakewalk," the ragtime-inspired final movement of Children's Corner, parodies a motif from this opera. Each quotation, marked avec une grande émotion ("ah-VEK oon GROND ay-mose-YAWN"), is interspersed with banjo imitations.

Theobald Boehm (TAY-oh-balt BERM)

The modern system of clarinet fingering was developed by Hyacinthe Klosé (yah-SANT klo-ZAY) and named in tribute of this man, who developed a similar system for the flute.

canon

The most famous of these begins: D, A, B, F-sharp, G, D, G, A.

piano sonatas of Ludwig van Beethoven

The most famous of these works has a third movement marked presto agitato, and that C sharp minor work is subtitled "Quasi una fantasia."

tenor

The motet Nigra sum from Monteverdi's vespers is written for this voice part. The opening recitative "Comfort ye, my people" from Handel's Messiah was written for this voice part, as well as the part of Aeneas in Purcell's Dido and Aeneas.

Sir Edward William Elgar, 1st Baronet

The nobilmente e semplice first movement of one work by this composer has a long thematic introductionin A flat, but then shifts to D minor; that is this composer's Symphony No. 1, one of very few symphonies in Aflat major.

Alexander Nikolayevich Scriabin

The notes of this composer's "Mystic Chord" from his Prometheus: The Poem of Fire are all derived from the whole tone scale. This composer synesthetically associated key signatures and notes with colors.

Ludwig von Beethoven's Symphonies (prompt on partial answer)

The one before that includes a "By the Brook" movement that uses strings to illustrate flowing water.

George Frideric Handel

The opening largo of one of this composer's works features 28 bars of bare chords for full orchestra, and appears in a collection created by this man to put the smackdown on the "Opera of Nobility."

string quartets of Joseph Haydn

The opening movement of one of these works by this composer unusually, for the 18th century,combined a set of variations and a fugue.

Pathetique Symphony

The opening movement of this symphony begins with an Adagio whose melody is played by the bassoon.

Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 2

The opening of this work's fifth movement invokes a "last judgment" along with what its composer called the "march of the dead", and incorporates a poem by Freidrich Klopstock, which gives this symphony its nickname.

Also sprach Zarathustra

The opening theme of this work is heard in alternate measures in the low voices while the windsplay B major chords at the ending of the final section.

clarinet

The orchestra consists entirely of two bassoons, two horns, snare drum, and strings in Nielsen's concerto for this instrument.

Ludwig van Beethoven

The output of his middle period includes pieces nicknamed "Harp" and "Serioso", as well as three dedicated to Count Razumovsky.

Symphony No. 3

The penultimate movement of this Mahler symphony begins with a children's chorus imitating bells. Trumpet players like to argue about what modern instrument should be used for its pastoral third movement's post horn part.

1812 Overture

The premier of this work coincided with the consecration of the Cathedral of Christ (*) the Savior.

etudes of Frédéric François Chopin (prompt on partial answer; prompt on "studies," "Chopin's studies," or equivalents)

The recapitulation from one work in this series features a bar marked delicatissimo pianissimo smorzando containing a D-flat eleventh chord from a D-flat grace note the octave below, before resuming rapid triplet figurations in the right hand played (*) solely on the black keys.

Das Lied von der Erde

The refrain Dunkel ist das Leben, ist der Tod is transposed from G minor to A-flat minor to A minor in the first movement.

Christmastime

The related Baroque concerto grosso was likely introduced by Arcangelo Corelli, whose eighth and best-known concerto grosso is nicknamed for this occasion. A large vocal work whose first part is nicknamed for this occasion features an instrumental Sinfony and Pifa alongside lyrics by Charles Jennens.

Anton Bruckner

The rhythmic motive of two quarters followed by a triplet of quartets named for him.

by the wind

The right pinky plays a static melody over rapid, flowing A-flat major arpeggios to open Chopin's Étude Opus 25 No. 1. Robert Schumann nicknamed that piece after another instrument, the Aeolian harp, which is played in this manner.

Shostakovich's Symphony No. 7 in C major, Op. 60

The right to conduct this work's American premiere was lost by Artur Rodzinski and LeopoldStokowski to the NBC Symphony Orchestra under Toscanini who broadcast the premiere on radio.

Symphonie Fantastique: Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste...en cinq parties

The score for this piece originally called for an ophicleide and a serpent, two brass instruments now usually replaced with tubas.

Paganini's Caprices

The second E Minor one of these pieces imitates a barcarole and the one after that consists of a continuous legato of 16th notes until the conclusion.

Mahler's Symphony No. 8 in E flat Major

The second and final movement of this work is based on the ending of Goethe's Faust, and this work includes two choirs and a children's choir.

bassoon

The second movement of Bartók's Concerto for Orchestra begins with a duet of these instruments, separated by a sixth, imitating a kolo.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

The second movement of one of this composer's works begins with a solo con sordino violin playing an F major chord using a dotted eighth and a double dotted quarter; that follows a movement which immediately opens with a tonic C played in octaves, followed by a motif of sixteenth note triplets from G leading up to C note quarters.

Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich

The second movement of one work by this composer features the celesta in dialogue with a solo instrument playing the main theme in artificial harmonics, and its first movement develops out of a staccato G-F flat-C flat-B flat motif.

Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns

The second movement of that same symphony by this man contains a "Maestoso" section in 6/4 and 9/4 time featuring four-hands piano and the entry of the organ on a C major chord.

fugue

The second movement of the brief Bachianas Brasileiras No. 9 for strings uses Brazilian rhythms in 11/4 time and is in this traditional form. A Bach piece shows off The Art of this imitative form in which each voice plays the subject one after the other in counterpoint.

Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6, Op. 74 or "Pathétique"

The second movement of this work is a limping waltz in 5/4 time.

Arnold Schoenberg

The second of this man's four string quartets sets the poetry of Stefan George to music.

Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 2

The second subject of this work's first movement begins in E major but ends in E-flat minor.

Ludwig von Beethoven's Symphonies (prompt on partial answer)

The seventh of these works by this composer was termed "Apotheosis of the Dance," while the last one ends with the word "Gotterfunken."

violin concertos

The short andante canzonetta second movement of another work of this type has its ending markedattacca subito so as to move directly into the D major finale.

pianoforte

The single movement Warsaw Concerto written for the film Dangerous Moonlight, was written for this instrument.

Anton Bruckner

The six revisions of another work by this composer, whose andante section depicts alovers' tryst, illustrate the namesake "problem" faced by people trying to classify his works.

Richard Strauss

The sixth and final part of one of his works and is titled for a "Flight from the World and Fulfillment of Life" and follows a section about the title figure's (*) "Works of Peace."

Spring Song

The sixth entry in book five of Songs Without Words is this piece in A major that depicts a season. It shares its name with a 1949 Benjamin Britten symphony that sets poems such as "The Merry Cuckoo" and "Out on the Lawn I Lie in Bed."

Brandenburg Concertos

The sixth is scored for viola, cello, viola da gamba, violone, and harpsichord, notably omitting violins.

Transcendental Etudes

The sixth of these works, named "Vision," contains an introduction meant to be played only with the left hand and may represent Napoleon's funeral.

Paul Hindemith

The song "Es sungen drei Engel" serves as a cantus firmus in the first movement of his symphony based on an opera that he had unsuccessfully tried to premiere in Nazi Germany.

Johann Sebastian Bach

The soprano duet with violin obbligato in the (*) Christe eleison second section of one of his works is in D major; that work included many operatic elements in its Credo and Gloria sections before closing on a D major chord in its Agnus Dei.

etudes of Frédéric François Chopin (prompt on partial answer; prompt on "studies," "Chopin's studies," or equivalents)

These works were published in two groups of twelve and a final group of three, and they include works nicknamed "Butterfly," "Ocean," and "Sunshine."

Shostakovich's Symphony No. 7 in C major, Op. 60

Thetitle "Memories" was removed from this work's second movement, which the composer called a "lyricalintermezzo," but is usually classified as a scherzo.

Paganini's Caprices

They include "The Hunt" and "The Arpeggio."

Symphony No. 25 in G minor

This "Little G minor" symphony by Mozart opens with the violins playing G in a syncopated rhythm over the celli playing G on every beat. It accompanies Salieri's attempted suicide in an Amadeus scene.

Das Lied von der Erde

This "symphony for tenor and alto with large orchestra" sets to music translations by Hans Bethge.

Guido of Arezzo

This 11th-century music scholar is widely credited with the innovation of modern staff notation, as his use of two black lines alongside the existing red and yellow F and C lines allowed for a definite pitch relationship to be established.

Henry Cowell

This American composer and teacher of John Cage pioneered extended piano technique in pieces like The Banshee, in which the performer scrapes the piano's strings longitudinally.

Heinrich Schenker

This Austrian theorist developed a method of analysis in which tonal music can be reduced to a fundamental structure, or Ursatz (OO-uh-ZOTTS), after abstracting away many layers of elaboration.

Miguel Llobet ("you-BET")

This Barcelona-born guitar virtuoso transcribed Isaac Albéniz's piano pieces and a number of Catalan folk songs, such as "El testament d'Amèlia" ("ull tuss-tuh-MEN duh-MELL-ee-uh"), for guitar.

Simple Symphony

This Britten composition for string orchestra includes movements called "Boisterous Bourree" and "Playful Pizzicato". It quotes familiar themes from the composer's childhood, including Barwick Green, which became the theme for The Archers.

Tan Dun

This Chinese composer imitated the sounds of guqin in his piano concerto subtitled "The Fire," which he dedicated to Lang Lang. This man wrote Internet Symphony No. 1 and the score for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon.

Josef Suk ("YO-zef SOOK")

This Czech composer's Fantastic Scherzo is much lighter than the Asrael Symphony he wrote after the death of his father-in-law, Antonín Dvořák. He wrote a Serenade for Strings in E-flat major and the suite Pohádka based on a fairy tale by Julius Zeyer ("YOOL-yoos ZAY-er").

Leoš Janáček (LEH-ohsh YAH-naw-check)

This Czech composer's Violin Sonata opens with cimbalom-like tremolos and includes a Ballada. His String Quartet No. 1 has four movements marked Con moto, and his String Quartet No. 2 is based on a Tolstoy story that is itself based on Beethoven's Kreutzer (KROYT-ser) Sonata.

William Turner Walton

This English composer of Façade who worked in many genres was Oscar-nominated for his 1944 score for the Shakespeare adaptation Henry V. He wrote the celebrated cantata Belshazzar's Feast in 1931.

Josquin des Prez (joe-SCAN deh PRAY)

This Franco-Flemish composer of the Missa pange lingua is best known for his two masses based on the "L'homme armé" melody.

Arthur Honegger

This French composer and member of Les Six ["lay seeks"] wrote Pacific 231 for orchestra. He originally conceived of Pacific 231 as a "mathematical acceleration of rhythm," only titling the piece after it was written.

Maurice Ravel

This French composer wrote extremely fast repeated notes in Gaspard de la Nuit ["noo-EET"], which attempted to one-up Mily Balakirev's difficult Islamey.This composer also wrote Pavane for a Dead Princess and Bolero.

Maurice Ravel

This French neoclassical composer used the whole tone scale in his Jeux d'eau (zhuh DOH). He composed the extremely slow Pavane for a Dead Princess.

Johannes Brahms

This German composer composed Alto Rhapsody based on a Goethe poem about a lost soul in a wasteland.

Kamarinskaya

This Glinka composition was inspired by a slow bridal song called "Izza gor" in addition to the titular dance theme. This orchestral work was the first to be based entirely on Russian folk songs.

Messiah

This Handel oratorio includes "I know that my redeemer liveth" and the "Hallelujah Chorus."

György Ligeti

This Hungarian composer wrote Le Grand Macabre, Atmosphères, Lux Aeterna, and Poème symphonique, a work for 100 metronomes meant to showcase "micropolyphony."

Franz Liszt

This Hungarian virtuoso composed the Piano Sonata in B minor, as well as the Mephisto Waltzes.

gamelan

This Indonesian percussion ensemble can incorporate a variety of instruments such as gongs and gendérs [hard g "GEN-dares"] which are tuned metallophones. Its regional varieties include Balinese, Javanese, and Sudnanese.

Domenico Scarlatti

This Italian Baroque composer wrote a set of 30 essercizi ("ess-air-CHEET-see"), or "exercises," which were among the 555 sonatas that he wrote for keyboard in total. His father Alessandro founded the Neapolitan school of opera.

Domenico Scarlatti

This Italian composer born in 1685 spent much of his career serving the Portuguese and Spanish royal families. Most of his 555 keyboard sonatas went unpublished until after his death.

Gustav Holst

This composer called for the cellos to play two octaves of a descending C major scale in a work whose Gavotte was removed so it could premiere in time his final concert.

Ferruccio Busoni

This Italian pianist gave six all-Liszt recitals in Berlin in 1911, and was the first to perform all Liszt études and Chopin préludes. He transcribed Bach's Chaconne (shah-KUN) for piano, combined baroque forms in Fantasia contrappuntistica, and used a chorus to end his Piano Concerto.

Seiji Ozawa (SAY-jee oh-ZAH-wa)

This Japanese conductor served as the Boston Symphony Orchestra's musical director for 29 years until 2002, and he later had six conversations with Haruki Murakami published in the book Absolutely On Music.

Piano Concerto No. 24 in C minor

This Mozart piano concerto opens with the strings softly playing a highly chromatic melody in unison. This piano concerto is the second of only two by Mozart written in a minor key.

Symphony No. 40 in G minor

This Mozart symphony is nicknamed the "Great G minor." Leonard Bernstein (BURN-styne) analyzed its musical syntax in his second Norton Lecture before performing an arrangement of it with extra repeats.

Erik Satie

This Parisian composer was amongst the first in the Western tradition to avoid using bar-lines or time signatures, in works such as his Gnossiennes and Gymnopédies.

Henryk Wieniawski (HEN-rick v'yen-YOFF-skee)

This Polish violinist collected 10 études in his École Moderne (ay-COLE muh-DAIRN). He composed a "Preghiera" (preg-YAIR-ah), or "Prayer," movement for his Violin Concerto No. 1 as well as the showpieces Scherzo-Tarantelle (SCARE-tsoh tah-ron-TELL) and Légende (lay-JOND).

Sadko

This Rimsky-Korsakov opera was based on his earlier "musical tableau" itself based on a bylina. It contains arias named for Varangian, Indian, and Venetian Guest and depicts a gusli-playing hero.

Alexander Scriabin

This Russian composer wrote four nocturnes, including one for the left hand only. His other works include Prometheus: The Poem of Fire.

Arnold Schoenberg

This Second Viennese School member and composer of Pierrot Lunaire ["pee-air-OH loo-NAIR"] invented the twelve-tone technique; one of his first twelve-tone works was his Blaserquintett, or wind quintet.

Lubomyr Melnyk

This Ukrainian-Canadian pianist is known for pioneering "continuous music" on works such as his album KMH. He holds several speed-playing world records, including sustaining an average of 14 notes per second for a full hour.

Yehudi Menuhin

This Western violinist collaborated with Ravi Shankar on West Meets East. That album's B-side is a violin sonata by George Enescu, who mentored this violinist.

Time Out

This album was inspired by a StateDepartment sponsored trip taken by the primary artist.

Charles Mingus

This artist behind the album Blues fl Roots performed in a trio with Max Roach and Bud Powell, and this man named one song after a former Arkansas governor.

Ella Fitzgerald

This artist led Chick Webb's band after Webb died, having earlier recorded songs like "(If You Can't Sing It) You'll Have to Swing It (Mr. Paganini)" with them.

Marina Abramovic

This artist one-upped Feynman by presenting "Seven Easy Pieces" at the New York Guggenheim in 2005. Other major works by this "grandmother of performance art" have included "The Artist is Present" and "Rhythm Zero".

Ella Fitzgerald

This artist released a series of (*) songbooks, each dedicated to a single composer, including Irving Berlin and George Gershwin.

Ella Fitzgerald

This artist's accompanists included Paul Smith and Jimmy Rowles.

Ella Fitzgerald

This artist's second-last album released under the Verve label was Whisper Not.

Erik Satie

This avant-garde French composer, who collaborated with Jean Cocteau on the ballet Parade (pah-ROD), wrote the Gymnopédies (jeem-no-pay-DEE).

Astor Piazzola

This bandoneon player was encouraged by Nadia Boulanger to write tango music. The addition of saxophone and electric guitar help to character the nuevo tango genre created by this musician, which includes his Libertango.

Yo-Yo Ma

This cellist recored Dvorak's concerto for his instrument twice. This Chinese-American founded the Silkroad arts non-profit to promote multicultural artistic crossovers.

Amy Beach

This child piano prodigy and American composer around the turn of the twentieth century wrote four Sketches for piano, as well as a Gaelic symphony and 150 songs.

Artie Shaw

This clarinet-playing bandleader, a rival of Goodman, wrote a Concerto for Clarinet that ends on a glissando up from an altissimo G to C. His hits include "Summit Ridge Drive," played by his Gramercy Five, and a version of Cole Porter's "Begin the Beguine."

Jean-Baptiste Lully or Giovanni Battista Lulli

This collaborator of (*) Beauchamps scored the majority of his leads for the distinct high tenor voice of haute-contre, and like Corelli he was the dedicatee of a trio sonata "apotheosis" by Francois Couperin.

Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff

This composer adapted the theme from one of his sacred concertos for SATB choir into the principal themeof a concerto finale; that concerto begins with half notes on the lowest F on the keyboard after each of eightunaccompanied chords in the solo piano part.

Olivier Messiaen

This composer also based many works off of his love of (*) ornithology, including his Catalogue of Birds.

Paul Hindemith

This composer also wrote funerary music for King George V of England, Trauermusik, which was written and premiered the day after the king died.

Josquin des Prez

This composer asked "expert singers of all nations" and "nymphs of the woods" to mourn in an elegy for a fellow composer.

Achille-Claude Debussy

This composer began one work by accenting the tritone between G and C sharp by writing a (*) chromatic descent starting from C sharp for solo flute.

Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev

This composer wrote a cantata for the 20th anniversary of the October Revolution. The premiere of his opera, The Gambler was cancelled due to the February Revolution, and he later had difficulties with his operatic adaptation of War and Peace.

Antonio Vivaldi

This composer wrote a concerto for flute nicknamed "The Goldfinch," as well as one called "The Storm at Sea." This composer published another concerto called "The Storm at Sea" in a collection of 12 concerti for violin.

Sir Edward William Elgar, 1st Baronet

This composer wrote a long choral work based on text by (*) John Henry Newman, and another ofhis works uses the song "Land of Hope and Glory" for its trio section; that work is the first in a set of five marchesby this composer who wrote sections like "Dorabella" and "Nimrod" for another work.

Achille-Claude Debussy

This composer wrote a piece whose first section begins in 6/4 but switches to 6/8 before a solo fluteintroduces the melody in sixteenth triplets; the third section of that work is marked "lively and tumultuous"and begins with trills on C for the timpani.

Benjamin Britten

This composer wrote a series of five pieces, the second of which features a tenor and alto representing Abraham and Isaac; a setting of Edith Sitwell's "Still Falls the Rain" is the third of those Five Canticles.

Manuel de Falla

This composer wrote a short piece for solo guitar as a homage for the "Tombeau de Claude Debussy" that was played by the soloist Miguel Llobet Soles.

Arnold Schoenberg

This composer wrote a single-movement work in E major for 10 winds and 5 strings that, despite being called a chamber work, requires a conductor, while another of his works begins with a pp descending quarter, dotted-eighth, sixteenth motif in the violas and cellos, which are soon joined by the violins.

Béla Bartók

This composer wrote a solo violin sonata with optional quarter tones for Yehudi Menuhin ("yeh-HOO-dee MEN-yoo-in") a year after Concerto for Orchestra and a year before his death. This Hungarian ethnomusicologist wrote two violin sonatas and six influential, modern string quartets.

Aaron Copland

This composer wrote a suite whose "Prologue" movement opens with two solo trumpets over a drumroll.

Ralph Vaughan Williams

This composer wrote a symphony that begins with B-flat minor chords in the horns and trumpets before vocalists enter with the same chord on the word "Behold."

Arnold Schoenberg

This composer wrote a work in one movement with five clear sections for string sextet, which he later re-orchestrated for string orchestra.

Samuel Osmond Barber

This composer wrote a workfor soprano vocalist with orchestra while another work by this composer begins with a single (*) B-flat wholenote; that piece utilizes an arch form and was inspired by a passage from the Georgics about a stream growing intoa river.

Aaron Copland

This composer wrote aconcerto whose two movements are linked by a cadenza played by a woodwind soloist.

Josquin des Prez

This composer wrote at least three works in the Italian genre of the frottola, including El Grillo.

Joseph Haydn

This composer wrote many pieces entitled divertimento, including many keyboard sonatas. This father of the string quartet wrote the "Surprise" and "Drumroll" symphonies.

Achille-Claude Debussy

This composer wrote one piece in which an E flat minor 7th chord is arpeggiated, starting with D flat, over an 8th, 16th, 16th rhythm before a C flat triad prepares the tonic G flat chord.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

This composer wrote symphonies like the one nicknamed "Linz" as well as a "little" G minor symphony.

Franz Liszt

This composer wrote the Concerto pathetique as a continuous piece with four sections before his similarlystructured Piano Sonata in B minor.

Paul Hindemith

This composer wrote the absurd metronome marking of quarter note equals 600 to 640, with the additional instruction, "tonal beauty is of secondary importance," in the second of his four sonatas for unaccompanied viola, an instrument for which he wrote a concerto based on German folksongs.

Achille-Claude Debussy

This composer wrote the movements "Dialogue of the wind and the sea"and "Play of the Waves," and he took another title from a Paul Verlaine poem.

Henry Purcell

This composer wrote the musical ode "Come ye Sons of Art" for the birthday of a monarch and set text by Nicholas Brady to music in his Ode to St. Cecilia.

Erik Satie

This composer wrote three contrapuntal works with movements named "Idylle," "Aubade," and "Meditations" and mocked Muzio Clementi in Sonatine (*) Bureaucratique.

Achille-Claude Debussy

This composer wrote works like "Footsteps in the Snow" and "The Girl with the Flaxen Hair" in his first book of twelve preludes, and another of his works is subtitled "Three Symphonic Sketches" and has a movement titled "Play of the Waves."

Arthur Honegger

This composer wrotethe oratorio Joan of Arc at the Stake as well as King David, and he also wrote three "symphonic movements" likeRugby and one that is titled for the axle count of a steam locomotive.

Johannes Brahms

This composer's 1st symphony was written over a twenty year period and is in the key of C minor.

Henry Purcell

This composer's Abdelazar was quoted by Benjamin Britten in The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra.

Pablo de Sarasate ("sah-rah-SAH-tay")

This composer's Concert Fantasy on Themes from Gounod's Faust incorporates the famous Waltz from the second act in its final theme. This violin virtuoso composed many fantasies on operas, such as Carmen Fantasy.

Ralph (rafe) Vaughan Williams

This composer's Concerto Grosso begins and ends with the exact same Intrada movement.

Charles-Henri-Valentin Alkan

This composer's Le Chemin de Fer [le shuh-MON duh "FAIR"] is a very fast piano study that evokes the motion of a train, with the repeated left hand bass notes depicting a motor. This composer also wrote piano pieces for The Months and The Four Ages.

Hector Berlioz

This composer's Messe Solennelle was recycled into his Te Deum, while that mass was scrapped from a symphony honoring Napoleon.

Darius Milhaud

This composer's Op. 205, a wind quintet, includes sections like "Jugglers" and "Jousts on the Arc" and drew from Raymond Bernard's score for the film Cavalcade d'Amour.

Johann Strauss II

This composer's Opus 234 has an opening theme which quickly accelerates, hence its name, Accelerations.

Maurice Ravel

This composer's Piano Concerto in G begins with a single note played by the whip. His Piano Concerto in D for the Left Hand was commissioned by Paul Wittgenstein.

Samuel Barber

This composer's String Quartet had its middle movement arranged as a choral setting of the Agnus Dei, and as an orchestral setting that was broadcast at the announcements of the deaths of Franklin D. Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy.

Franz Schubert

This composer's Violin Fantasy opens with cimbalom-like piano tremolos and includes variations on his lied "Sei mir gegrüßt" (ZYE meer geh-GROOST). His Wanderer Fantasy and Fantasy in F minor for piano duet, D. 940, both have four movements.

Johannes Brahms

This composer's concerto for violin, cello and orchestra was written for Robert Hausman and Joseph Joachim, the latter of which also wrote the cadenza for the end of the first movement of his violin concerto.

Ralph Vaughan Williams

This composer's experience witnessing WWI inspired him to rewrite a work for solo violin and piano accompaniment as a work for violin and orchestra; that work is prefaced with lines like "He rises and begins to round" from a poem by George Meredith.

Ralph (rafe) Vaughan Williams

This composer's fifth symphony takes some music he wrote for his opera The Pilgrim's Progress and ends with a passacaglia that begins in the low strings.

Charles Edward Ives

This composer's first string quartet features an andante first movement based on the "Missionary Hymn" and "Coronation."

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

This composer's last completed concerto was for Anton Stadler and was his Clarinet Concerto in A major.

Johannes Brahms

This composer's late works include eleven chorale preludes, and he usedthe A-E-F motif in his Double Concerto.

Heitor Villa-Lobos

This composer's letters have been collected and commented on by his friend Lisa M. Peppercorn.

Erik Satie

This composer's most famous work, also for piano, is thought to have drawn from such diverse sources as Gustave Flaubert, cubism, and Greek festivals.

Anton Bruckner

This composer's much-revised Fourth Symphony, the "Romantic," contains a "Hunt Scherzo" in 2/4 time. The second movement of his Seventh Symphony uses four Wagner tubas, and a trumpet leaps up an octave in its scherzo.

Samuel Barber

This composer's only string quartet, Opus 11, includes a slow middle movement in B- flat minor that shifts between time signatures such as 4/2, 5/2, and 6/2.

Johann Sebastian Bach

This composer's pedagogical works include The Well-Tempered Clavier and a Notebook he wrote for his wife Anna Magdalena, with whom he fathered a musical family.

Claude Debussy

This composer's piece La Mer may have been inspired by Hokusai's The Great Wave off Kanagawa, which appeared on the poster at its premiere.

Dmitri Shostakovich

This composer's posthumously published Testimony elucidates his musical motives.

Edward William Elgar

This composer's second symphony has a Larghetto funeral march as its second movement, possibly written for his friend Alfred Rodewald, and contrasts the uplifting "Spirit of Delight" theme with a "malign influence."

William Walton

This composer's separation from Imma von Doernberg inspired an orchestral work with Andante con malinconia and Presto con malizia movements, his Symphony No. 1 in B-Flat Minor.

Robert Alexander Schumann

This composer's third symphony in E Major opens with a Teutonic theme that drives the first movement with its hemiolic rhythm.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

This composer's time in Clarens, Switzerland saw the writing of his D major violin concerto.

Franz Joseph Haydn

This composer's trumpet concerto was also written for Anton Weidinger. This prolific Austrian composer is known as both the "father of the symphony" and the "father of the string quartet".

Heitor Villa-Lobos ("VEE-lah-LOH-boos")

This composer's twelve etudes for guitar are dedicated to classical guitarist Andrés Segovia. He wrote five preludes for guitar, as well as a number of Chôros ("SHOW-roos").

Samuel Barber

This composer's violin concerto begins with the soloist playing a long D over the piano's glissando G major chord.

William Walton

This composer's violin concerto, whose second movement is a scherzo labeled Presto capriccioso alla napolitana, was commissioned by Jascha Heifetz.

Hector Berlioz

This composer's virtuosity in conducting led him to author Treatise on Instrumentation.

Achille-Claude Debussy

This composer's works were catalogued by Francois Lesure,which is the origin of their L numbers.

Antonín Dvořák

This composer, then the director of the National Conservatory, encountered Burleigh singing while working as a maintenance man at the Conservatory to pay his tuition, and adapted several of his songs in his symphony From the New World.

Anton Bruckner

This man included wind accompaniment in an E-minor mass written for the addition of the VotiveChapel to the Linz Cathedral, a piece conveniently situated between a D-minor and F-minor work in a"great" set of masses.

John Coltrane

This man is known for his namesake "changes" as well as the "sheets of sound" which appear on such albums as My Favorite Things.

Georg Friedrich Handel

This man often collaborated with his patron Charles Jennens, who supplied the lyrics to Israel in Egypt and to a pastoral ode inspired by John Milton, "L'Allegro, il Penseroro ed il Moderato."

Gustav Holst

This man paired a piece marked by its unusual third movement bass drum solo with a similar work in F with movements like "Song of the Blacksmith" and "Fantasia on the Dargason."

Johannes Brahms

This man recast his string quintet as a Sonata for Two Pianos, which he premiered with Karl Tausig.

Georg Friedrich Handel

This man set a poem by John Dryden in his piece Ode for St. Cecilia's Day, and the last piece of his Airs and Variations is often called The Harmonious Blacksmith.

Joaquin Rodrigo Vidre

This man used a flurry of drum beats to characterize a movement inspired by the Cavalry of Naples, which appears along with "Dance of the Axes" in a work based on a three-volume "instruction manual" created by Gaspar Sanz.

Robert Alexander Schumann

This man used a series of novellas as the basis for a piano piece that contains "Traumes Wirren" and "Des Abends" his Fantasiestucke.

Gustav Holst

This man used a wordless chorus fading out to end a piece with a movement about "mystic."

George Gershwin

This man used authentic French taxi horns in the premiere of one of his symphonic works.

Olivier Messiaen

This man used the Book of Revelation for all but one movement of an orchestral work which describes celestial objects in movements such as "The Constellation of Sagittarius."

Bernard Herrmann

This man was not a classical composer, but did win an Oscar for scoring a 1941 adaptation of The Devil and Daniel Webster. He scored Alfred Hitchcock films such as Psycho and Vertigo.

Dmitri Shostakovich

This man went to Dresden to compose the film score to the movie Five Days, Five Nights.

Miles Davis

This man worked with his nonet to make a series of 78s for Capitol Records that included "Jeru" and "(*) Venus de Milo", which were composed by saxophonist Gerry Mulligan, and rehearsed in the basement of his arranger Gil Evans.

Paul Hindemith

This man wrote a symphony that includes a third movement "Colloquy" that involves offstage violin and viola soloists.

Robert Alexander Schumann

This man wrote an essay about the "Fury over the lost penny" found in Beethoven's posthumous works, which lead him to claim "I've got you at last Beethoven fanatics!"

Dmitri Shostakovich

This man wrote another work which uses the song "You'll Find Me at Maxim's" from Lehar's The Merry Widow in a 22-bar ostinato known as the "invasion theme" and also set poetry by Yevgeny Yevtushenko to music in another work.

Darius Milhaud

This man wrote incidental music for plays like Proteé and L'annonce faite à Marie for an author he met while stationed in Rio de Janeiro.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

This man's Marche Slave was inspired by the piece "God Save the Tsar," which also can be heard in this man's piece celebrating the defense of the French invasion of Russia.

Johann Strauss II

This man's brother created a work that begins with the blowing of a train whistle in Clear the Track! A fading trumpet closes out one of this man's compositions which shares its name with a song cycle by Mikhail Glinka; that work is A Farewell to St Petersburg.

Johannes Brahms

This man's first piano trio starts in B major but end in B minor, and his Opus 120 clarinet sonatas were both written for Richard Mühlfield, for whom he also wrote a work modeled after a Mozart composition for Anton Stadler.

Philip Glass

This man's fourth symphony derives some material from a song which states "I wish you could swim/ like the dolphins."

Erik Satie

This man's last piano works were his macabre-sounding Five Nocturnes.

Miles Davis

This man's music influenced by Stockhausen included In a Silent Way and another album with cover art by Mati.

Edvard Grieg

This man's piano concerto opens with a drum roll, and like Robert Schumann's, it is in A minor.

Herbert Jeffrey Hancock

This man's quintet V.S.O.P. reunited him with Ron Carter, Tony Williams, and WayneShorter, with Freddie Hubbard filling in for a by-then deceased Miles Davis.

Charles "Bird" Parker, Jr.

This man's quintet included Bud Powell, Max Roach, Tommy Potter, and Miles Davis, and he included standards like "April in Paris" and "Summertime" in his album titled for him "with Strings."

John Coltrane

This man's recording of Gershwin's "But Not for Me" featured chord progressions that moved through keys a major third apart.

Johann Wolfgang Goethe

This man's writings are set to music in the Egmont overture and Mendelssohn's Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage.

Arnold Schoenberg

This man, who never finished his opera Moses and Aron, used a style of "speech-singing" which depicts the moonstruck Pierrot.

fifteen

This many of Franz Schubert's string quartets are numbered; the last of the numbered ones is a G major piece whose first movement is in triple meter. In Beethoven's quartet of this number, the phrase Neue Kraft fühlend ("NOY-uh KRAFT FUEL-int") or "feeling new strength" indicates a faster tempo in the third of five movements.

Daniil Trifonov

This rising star pianist from Russia won the 2011 Tchaikovsky competition. This pianist led the Perspective Series for Carnegie Hall's recent season and performed on a floating platform in the Moscow River for the opening ceremony of World Cup 2018.

The Four Seasons

This set of works is often grouped alongside "Pleasure" and "The Hunt" as part of its composer's The Contest Between Harmony and Invention.

slack key

This simpler guitar tuning style, so named because both E string pegs were often lowered to D, became popular in the Hawai'ian Renaissance. In this style's taro patch tuning, the open strings form a major chord, while in its wahine (wa-HEE-nay) tuning, they form a major seventh chord.

Ravi Shankar

This sitar player popularized the instrument with his score to the Apu Trilogy, as well as through his association with George Harrison of Beatles fame.

Piano Sonata No. 17 in D Minor, Op. 31, No. 2

This sonata begins with a rolled A major chord in first inversion between both hands, followed by a series of two-note appoggiaturas in the right hand, delaying the left hand's broken chord statement of the D minor theme. Reports that Beethoven gave this piece its Shakespearean name are dubious.

Piano Sonata No. 8

This sonata's three movements are all in flat keys, and it begins with an long, eight-note C minor chord followed by a series of dotted-sixteenth thirty-second notes. The theme from this piece's A-flat major second movement's is very similar to that of Mozart's Piano Sonata No. 14.

cello

This string instrument represents the title bird of the movement "The Swan," which has been recorded by Pau Casals and Yo-Yo Ma.

Gabriel Urbain Fauré

This student of Camille Saint-Saens wrote that "Pie Jesu." His opus 50 is an F-sharp minor pavane with optional chorus.

Dolly Suite

This suite by Gabriel Fauré, originally written for piano four-hands and later orchestrated, is named for his mistress's young daughter and includes a famous "Berceuse" ("bare-SUZZ").

Shostakovich's Symphony No. 7 in C major, Op. 60

This symphony also contains a very long snare drumpart in the first movement for its "invasion theme."

Symphony No. 9 in E minor

This symphony was written on a trip away from his home which also inspired the "American String Quartet."

twelve-tone technique

This technique was theorized to represent the "spiritualization" of nature by Josef Matthias Hauer, whoemployed it in his Nomos.

"Clair de lune"

This third movement of Debussy's Suite bergamasque was titled for a poem by Paul Verlaine ("vair-LEN") and depicts the moon.

Tamara

This tone poem by Mily Balakirev has two principal themes that respectively represent the Terek River and its title character, with the latter introduced by the oboe.

koto

This traditional Japanese zither, depicted in a number of woodblock prints, is typically about six feet long and has thirteen strings, though seventeen-string varieties exist. The names of its Chinese and Korean analogues are also acceptable.

Rodolphe Kreutzer (KROYT-sir)

This violin instructor at the Paris Conservatoire (con-sair-vah-TWARR) wrote 42 Études or Caprices. He was the dedicatee of Beethoven's Violin Sonata No. 9, which fluctuates between A major and A minor.

Niccolò Paganini

This virtuoso violinist became a celebrity after he premiered his 24 Caprices, which have become pedagogical tools. He used a theme from Rossini's Moses for a set of variations that are performed on the G string only.

Georges Enesco

This virtuoso violinist was inspired by lautareasca music to compose his Romanian Rhapsodies. He also collaborated with Merri Franquin to create a popular work for trumpet and piano called Legende.

"Chega de Saudade" ("SHAY-guh jee sao-DAH-jee")

This was the first bossa nova song ever recorded, done by Elizete Cardoso ("eh-lee-ZETCH car-DOH-zoo") in 1957. This Jobim song with a hard-to-translate word in its title was made popular by Gilberto in a namesake album, and it has also been recorded under the English title "No More Blues."

E-flat clarinet

This woodwind instrument is pitched a perfect fourth above its more well-known counterpart. Its more common relative plays the idée fixe ["ee-DAY FEEKS"] throughout Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique, which this instrument then shrilly parodies in the movement "Dreams of a Witches' Sabbath."

Harold in Italy

This work began when Paganini requested a solo work to show off his new Stradivarius viola, but developed into a series of four orchestral scenes with an extensive part for solo viola representing the titular literary traveler.

Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6, Op. 74 or "Pathétique"

This work closes with the cellos and half of the basses sustaining the tonic triad while the other half of the basses play five final pizzicato B's.

Water Music

This work consists of F, D, and G major suites, it was written at the request of King George I, and it is sometimes performed with its composer's Music for the Royal Fireworks.

Suite Bergamasque

This work consists of four movements, beginning with a prelude and a menuet, and its last movement is a "Passepied."

Suite Bergamasque

This work contains a movement whose E major middle section ends with descending triplet thirds.

Shostakovich's Symphony No. 7 in C major, Op. 60

This work earned comparisons to Bolero for the (*) twelvevariations, all rising in volume, on the first movement's theme that used a melody from Lehar's The Merry Widowas well as a previously lambasted opera by the same composer.

Also sprach Zarathustra

This work includes sections like "Dance Song" and endswith the "Song of the Night Wanderer," and its opening theme is played by the trumpets on the notes C, G, C, andis called the "Sunrise" theme.

St. John's Night on Bald Mountain

This work initially went unperformed due to its composerrefusing to implement changes suggested by Balakirev.

trumpet

Though scored for two horns as well, Leopold Mozart produced a concerto for this instrument in the key of D. Shostakovich's first piano concerto prominently features this non-piano instrument, so much so that it was originally considered a double concerto for this instrument and piano.

Chopin's études

Three of them were written for a book by Moscheles and Fétis.

violin

Throughout In the Steppes of Central Asia, this string instrument plays high harmonics representing the arid steppe. This is the most common instrument in the symphonic orchestra.

Richard Strauss

Thunder and wind machines are required for another of his works which has movements like "On Flowering Meadows" and "On the Summit."

Arnold Schoenberg

Transfigured Night is by this Austrian composer whose works often use Sprechstimme (SHPREK-shtim-uh), a vocal technique that mixes speaking and singing. He devised the 12-tone technique.

Thelonious Monk

Trumpeter Clark Terry and saxophonist (*) Sonny Rollins were among the several performers who joined this man on the album Brilliant Corners.

Alexander Scriabin (Sofronitsky also married Scriabin's daughter, Elena.)

Twelve recitals covering keyboard music from Buxtehude (BOOKS-tuh-HOO-duh) to Shostakovich were given by Vladimir Sofronitsky, a leading interpreter of the Chopinesque character pieces and ten piano sonatas of this synesthetic Russian composer, who used his "mystic chord" in The Poem of Ecstasy.

preludes

Two books of this kind of composition include "The Sunken Cathedral" and were composed by Claude Debussy.

Dmitri Shostakovich

Two cadenzas by the soloist comprise the entire moderato 3rd movement of this composer's Piano Concerto No. 1, which features a prominent solo trumpet obbligato.

Esterházy

Two notable divertimenti are two octets for violin, viola, cello, violone ("vee-oh-LO-nay"), horn, and baryton ("BAIR-ih-tawn"), which Haydn wrote while serving as Kapellmeister for a prince from this Hungarian family.

French horn

Two of these instruments were included in the score for Mozart's A Musical Joke, while Mozart's own compositions for it include three (*) concertos in E flat major and one in D major that were written for Joseph Leutgeb.

symphonies of Johannes Brahms

Two of these works were premiered by Hans Richter, and the first of these works is in C minor and took over fourteen years to write; Hans Bulow called that piece "Beethoven's Tenth."

Les Six ("lay SEESE")

Two other students of Vincent D'Indy were Arthur Honegger ("ar-TOOR oh-neh-GAIR") and Darius Milhaud ("dar-YOOS mee-YO"), who were members of this group of French composers based in Montparnasse with a numerical name.

Carmina Burana: Cantiones profanae cantoribus et choris cantandae comitantibus instrumentis atque imaginibus magicis

Two pianos and six percussionists are featured in one section of its third part, which opens with a chorus of boys who sing that Cupid is flying everywhere.

timpani

Twoof these instruments disrupt the opening theme of the finale of another work by playing F/B and D-flat/Gtritones.

Má vlast

Tábor is the fifth movement in this collection of six symphonic poems, whose second movement opens with a meandering flute solo that depicts bubbling water.

Gustav Holst

Using some recycled material from his Suites for Military Band, this man composed a suite for the London girl's school where he was working.

I Ching

Varese's student Chou Wen-chung used this book for "mature period" pieces like Cursive. John Cage's Music of Changes was composed with the help of this Chinese fortune-telling book.

serenade

Vaughan Williams wrote one "to music," Britten wrote one "for tenor, horn, and strings," and Elgar's E minor, Tchaikovsky's C major, and Dvořák's E major are all ones "for strings."

canon

Versions in retrograde inversion that can be read upside-down are called "table" varieties of these pieces, and palindromic versions of these pieces are called "crab" varieties.

Oboe

Vivaldi wrote at least fifteen concertos for this instrument.

Ludwig von Beethoven's Symphonies (prompt on partial answer)

Wagner claimed that the finale of the last one of these works opens with a "terror fanfare" before leading into an allegro molto assai.

On the Transmigration of Souls

When John Adams won his first Pulitzer, he received it for composing this piece in memory of victims of 9/11. This piece notably quotes from Ives's Unanswered Question and features a tape recording of the list of victims.

Achille-Claude Debussy

When this composer was rehearsing a controversial work, the violinists tied handkerchiefs to their bows in protest; that work was inspired by JMW Turner, whom this composer greatly revered.

lullaby

While the Magelone lieder ("LEE-der") is Brahms's only song cycle, his most famous vocal work is without a doubt this short song for a child going to sleep. This piece was dedicated to Brahms's friend Bertha Faber.

Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6, Op. 74 or "Pathétique"

While the third movement is a triumphant march, it is followed by a hauntingly quiet and somber adagio finale, which some have called the composer's suicide note owing to his death shortly after the premiere.

Isaac Albeniz

While this Spanish composer never composed guitar works, many transcriptions of piano works such as Leyenda and Tango in D remain as an important part of modern classical guitar repertoire.

"Eroica" Symphony

While this symphony is in E-flat major, its second movement "funeral march" opens with a C minor theme. This very long symphony marks the start of Beethoven's middle period as well as Romantic music as a whole.

Gustav Holst

While touring with the Carl Rosa opera company, this trombonist managed to write his Symphony in F, an elegiac piece for William Morris.

didgeridoo

William Barton and Mark Atkins are players of this Australian instrument, sometimes described as a "drone pipe." Some South Eastern Aborigines have a taboo on non-indigenous women even touching this instrument, which can be up to 10 feet long.

9/11

William Finn's song cycle Elegies commemorates victims of this event, which also inspired John Adams to compose On the Transmigration of Souls.

trumpet

With Nick Lane, one player of this instrument arranged "Gabriel."

Henry Purcell

With a libretto by John Dryden, King Arthur's music was written by this composer. The 1995 theme was a celebration of his career and enduring influence, including his other opera, Dido and Aeneas.

Johann Strauss II

With his brother Josef, he wrote a piece in which the strings pluck the entire time, the Pizzicato Polka, and he wrote a jaunty polka whose name literally means "chit-chat," the Tritsch-Tratsch Polka.

pianoforte

Works for this instrument by Haydn include his Andante with variations, as well as the Hungarian-themed finale of the Gypsy Rondo.

Lyric

Works like "Grandmother's Minuet," "Arietta," and "March of the Trolls" comprise a set of 66 piano works titled for this adjective.

Brandenburg Concertos

Yet another of them is scored for the mysterious "Fiauti d'Echo."

Béla Viktor János Bartók

Yet another work by him begins with the "Six Unison Melodies" and is a collection of 153 piano pieces arranged by difficulty.

canon

or 10 points, "Frere Jacques" and "Row, row, row your boat" are examples of what kind of piece, in which a melody is started at different points in time by different voices, of which Pachelbel wrote a notable example in D?

Manuel de Falla

 Another of his ballets features a miller and a magistrate.

Manuel de Falla

 For 10 points, name this composer of Nights in the Gardens of Spain, El Amor Brujo, and The Three-Cornered Hat.

Preludes by Frédéric Chopin

 For 10 points, name this set of piano pieces, including one in each key, that were written by a Polish composer and whose name suggests that they come before something else.

Preludes by Frédéric Chopin

 One in B Minor utilizes the left hand to carry the melody, while the most well known features eighth note descending chords in the left hand while the right hand slowly plays the melody.

Preludes by Frédéric Chopin

 One of them called "Hades" opens with six accented chords, while a large number of quarter note chords appears in one of them in C Minor named (*) "Funeral."

Preludes by Frédéric Chopin

 That one, in E Minor, is called "Beside a Grave" or "Suffocation."

Manuel de Falla

 This composer of (*) Atlántida included the "Ritual Fire Dance" and the "Dance of the Will-O'-the-Wisp" in a ballet in which the ghost of a dead spouse haunts the gypsy girl Candela.