FACS 10 ch 12 dietary supplements

NSF International (NSF) and ConsumerLab.com (CL)

-Other independent labs that provide quality labels -The latter publishes results of its tests in comprehensive online reports so that consumers can see exactly how pure some dietary supplements are

DSHEA dictates

the manufacturer of a dietary supplement or ingredient is responsible for ensuring that the product is safe, unadulterated, produced with good manufacturing practices, and properly and truthfully marked with a label that identifies the product as a dietary supplement and includes specific information about the supplement and its use

Which of the following would NOT meet the criteria for being called a "dietary supplement" in the United States?

vitamin B12 injection or shot

qualified health claims

when the evidence linking a food, food component, or supplement to a reduced risk of a disease is emerging but not well enough established to meet the SSA standard for a true health claim -ex: "supportive but not conclusive research shows that consumption of EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease." - even qualified claims have to be approved by the FDA based on the quality and strength of the scientific evidence

United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP)

a scientific nonprofit organization that sets standards for the identity, strength, quality, and purity of medicines, food ingredients, and dietary supplements distributed and consumed worldwide—provide seals of quality that companies can display on their products

those who do not consume dairy products need...

a source of vitamin D and calcium which are found in milk/other dairy products

Herbal supplements

a type of dietary supplement that includes plants (botanicals), single or in combination; typically dried preparations of flowers, leaves, roots, bark, and seeds -more than one-fifth of U.S. adults take them -less potent crude drugs and can have druglike effects, yet they do not undergo the same stringent approval process as drugs do -can contain biologically active ingredients and toxins in addition to their active "useful" components -they can still cause drug interactions and serious adverse effects and even exacerbate medical conditions; there is no legal definition for the term "natural," and it certainly does not mean a product is safe or effective

vegans need...

a vitamin B12 supplement because that's only found in animal products/fortified foods, may also need a calcium, zinc, and iron supplement

women who are pregnant, have heavy menstrual periods, donate blood, or have stomach/intestinal conditions need....

an iron supplement

generally recognized as safe" (GRAS)

any substance intentionally added to food that is generally recognized, among qualified experts, as having been adequately shown to be safe under the conditions of its intended use; not subject to premarket review and approval by the FDA

Dietary supplements that have GRAS status:

are generally recognized as safe by the FDA

Infants and Children need...

breastfed children and any child consuming less than 1 qt/day of Vitamin D-fortified milk should receive a vitamin D supplement

health claims

describe a relationship between a dietary supplement ingredient and a reduced risk of a disease or condition -The FDA must pre-approve these claims based on Significant Scientific Agreement (SSA) about the publicly available scientific evidence. A supplement containing calcium and vitamin D can legally claim that it reduces the risk of osteoporosis, for instance, and a folic acid supplement can say that it may prevent fetal neural tube defects.

the FDA

does not approve dietary supplements for their effectiveness or safety before they are made available to consumers. Dietary supplements do not undergo the rigorous testing for effectiveness, interaction, or safety requirements that prescription and over-the-counter drugs do

Synthetic vitamins are:

generally chemically identical to vitamins labeled "natural."

Which of the following is an example of an acceptable structure/function claim that might appear on a dietary supplement label?

helps maintain cardiovascular health

tructure/function claim

how that product could affect the body's structure or function -ex: "Calcium builds strong bones" & "antioxidants maintain cell integrity" -Labels containing these claims must state in a disclaimer that the FDA has not evaluated the claim, and that the product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease

Probiotics can be defined as:

live, beneficial bacteria found in fermented foods like yogurt

The vitamins and minerals found in high-potency supplements:

may exceed the Tolerance Upper Intake Level

Supplement Facts Panel

must include information on serving size and amount of product per serving size (by weight), the percent of Daily Value (%DV) that a particular ingredient or nutrient provides per serving (if this is known), and a list of the product's dietary ingredients -If a dietary ingredient is a botanical, the panel must list the scientific name of the plant or the common name that has been standardized in the reference book Herbs of Commerce (2000 edition). The panel must also include name of the plant part that has been used. If the dietary ingredient is a proprietary blend, meaning a blend that is exclusive to the manufacturer, the Supplement Facts Panel must list the total weight of the blend and its components in descending order of predominance by weight

Dietary supplements in the United States are monitored by the FDA for:

reports of illness, reactions, or harmful effects

In the United States, nutrition surveys indicate that the people who are most likely to use dietary supplements:

tend to already have healthful diets adequate in most nutrients

Individuals on restricted diets need...

a multivitamin/mineral supplement because they're limited to foods

Smokers. alcohol dependent, or those taking medications need...

a multivitamin/mineral supplement because they're nutrient absorption/utilization and excretion can be affected by prescription drugs

Women who may become pregnant need...

Supplemental folic acid reduces the occurrence of neural tube defects

those with darker skin need...

Vitamin D supplement because their skin pigment block UV light which decreases absorption

adults over 50 years need...

a B12 and vitamin D supplement because absorption tends to decline with age, they synthesize less vitamin D

According to the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, what is considered a "new" dietary ingredient?

a dietary ingredient not sold in the United States in a dietary supplement before 1994

pregnant women need...

a folic acid supplement, multivitamin/mineral for anemia or if they're carrying more than one fetus or little/none animal products is recommended

Dietary supplements

a food or substance that supplements the diet and contains one or more dietary ingredients or their constituents, including vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids, and certain other substances

functional foods

a food that provides additional health benefits beyond basic nutrition that may reduce disease risk or promote good health; these are also known as nutraceuticals -may be whole foods or processed foods that have been touted to decrease the risk of cancer, heart disease, diabetes, or obesity, or to slow the aging process -Some of these claims may be overhyped, but some may be accurate -whole foods, like vegetables, berries, and fish; enriched grains; fortified juices and milks; and enhanced foods, such as sports bars and sports drinks designed to help you run longer or play sports harder