Family Relations - Module One

According to the text, which of the following is not a current societal trend impacting families?

A great increase in the number of pets in the family

Research suggests several qualities to look for when choosing a spouse. Which of the following is NOT one of those qualities?

A physically attractive, healthy person

Date rape is also known as __________ rape.

Acquaitance

Which of the following is NOT an interethnic marriage?

African-American-non-Hispanic-white

To help accomplish ethical standards, most researchers now must have their research plans reviewed by

An Institutional Review Board (IRB)

Today, in countries where arranged marriages used to be the norm, it is more common for the children to marry only when they themselves accept their parents' choice. Unions like these are called __________.

Assisted marriages

Research has shown that individuals gradually filter, or sort out, those who they think would not make the best life partner; for instance, women place importance on potential financial success in a mate. This is an example of which concept?

Assortive mating

Photograph in the text depicts a mother and her child awaiting medical attention. What scholar might speculate about whether the child seems secure, insecure/anxious, or avoidant towards the mother?

Attachment theorists

Adults with a(n) __________ attachment style shun or evade emotional closeness

Avoidant

Boo-long is a member of Hmong culture and is about to marry. The Hmong practice the custom of a bride price. Which of the following is most likely to occur in preparation for the marriage?

Boo-long will give the bride's family a piece of property so that he can marry her

Realistic flavor and vivid detail are most likely to be found in which type of research method?

Clinician's Case Study

Of the components of consummate love, which is the most gradual to develop?

Commitment

In Robert Sternberg's typology, __________ love is composed of all three dimensions of his theory.

Consummate

In an experiment, the _________ group receives no special intervention.

Control

__________ couples vacillate between commitment and ambivalence and often disagree on how committed they were as well as why they became committed in the first place.

Event-driven

Personal experience provides us with information, but it can also act as _________, which is why we need scientific study.

Evidence

According to the__________ perspective, dating couples choose either to stay committed or to break up by weighing the rewards of their relationship against its costs.

Exchange

_________ theory suggests that people tend to marry others whose social currency—social class, education, physical attractiveness—is similar to their own

Exchange

A(n) __________ is possible when the researcher has a large amount of control over the various aspects of the phenomena under study.

Experiment

A national random sample of approximately 10,000 people is the minimum needed to validly represent the U.S. population.

False

Close-ended survey questions allow respondents to write their own answer.

False

Everyone who enters the marriage market is equally available to everyone else.

False

Love may be accurately characterized as excessive self-sacrifice.

False

Marital stability is synonymous with marital happiness.

False

Martyring is essentially equivalent to intimacy.

False

Research reveals that only men engage in physical aggression in male-female relationships.

False

The fact that marriages are arranged implies that love is ignored by parents.

False

The family development model assumes that family life is erratic and seldom follows usual, typical, or conventional patterns.

False

The informed consent of human subjects is only necessary in dangerous research.

False

The text points out that consummate love is the same as "good chemistry."

False

What is meant by the term postmodern family?

Families today exhibit a multiplicity of forms.

The view that the family is an enduring social institution because of the important tasks it performs for society—economic security, emotional support, socialization of children—is the __________ perspective.

Family Ecology

The __________ perspective focuses on how the family influences and is influenced by the environments that surround it.

Family ecology

The __________ perspective looks at the family as a whole; where change in one part sets in motion a process to restore equilibrium.

Family systems

The __________ perspective is focused on several things, including confronting and reducing oppression and patterns of subordination based on such factors as social class, race, and ethnicity, age and sexual orientation.

Feminist

In terms of mate selection patterns, the United States is an example of what cross-cultural researchers call a __________ culture

Free-choice

In the contemporary version of evolutionary theory, it is the survival of one's __________ into future generations that is important.

Genetic material

Propinquity is also known as

Geographic availability

Researchers have found it discouraging that about __________ of abusive dating relationships continue rather than being broken off.

Half

Differences will arise in a satisfying long-term relationship because no two individuals ___________.

Have exactly the same points of view

Americans tend to marry people of similar race, age, education, religious background, and social class. This behavior reflects

Homogamy

Which of the following is NOT a neighborhood risk factor which puts children at a greater risk for negative outcomes including violence?

Homogenous neighborhoods

According to the text, one disadvantage of survey research is it depends on the

Honesty, motivation, and ability to respond

Despite its growing appeal among college students, __________ has unfortunately been empirically linked to known risky behaviors such as alcohol abuse and engaging in sexual intercourse without using a condom.

Hooking up

The process by which family identity, traditions, and commitment emerge through interaction within a particular family, is an important part of which perspective?

Interaction-constructionist

A photograph in the text depicts a mother and her children waiting patiently for medical attention in a neighborhood clinic. Which group of scholars would be inclined to explore the mother's body language and speculate on what the child is saying nonverbally to the mother?

Interaction-constructionists

What is primary reason, according to the text, that the transition to adulthood has become elongated?

It takes longer to earn enough to support a family.

Collecting data over a period of years using documented materials would reflect a(n)

Longitudinal studies

John Alan Lee classified six

Love styles

Research has found that cohabitors who marry after having a nonmarital birth experience ___________ marital relationship quality than do non-parent cohabitors who eventually marry.

Lower

One of the things love isn't is __________, which involves maintaining relationships by consistently minimizing one's own needs while trying to satisfy those of a partner.

Martyring

The child population of the United States is _____ racially and ethnically diverse than the adult population.

More

In 1950, the nonmarital pregnancy rate was __________ in comparison with today.

Much lower

The climate, soil, plants, and animals are all part of the _________ environment.

Natural physical-biological

The family ecology perspective believes every family is embedded in a set of _________, which exist outside of the family and influence it.

Nested structures

According to family development life course theory, the ____________ stage of the family life cycle comes to an end with the arrival of the first child.

Newly established couple

Family diversity has progressed to the point that there is __________.

No typical family form

Of the components of consummate love, which is the quickest to develop and the quickest to fade?

Passion

Today's family ecologists stress the interdependence of all the world's families, not only with one another but also with our fragile ____________ environment.

Physical-biological

Which of the following is a path young adults took in response to this recession?

Postponed marriage

The structure-functional theoretical perspective views the family as performing at least three important functions. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

Promoting genetic material

Researchers conducting surveys want their samples to be

Representative

Adults with a(n) __________ attachment style are inclined to trust that their relationships will provide ongoing emotional support.

Secure

The __________ hypothesis assumes that individuals who choose serial cohabitation are different from those who do not; these differences translate into higher divorce rates.

Selection

As modern human settlement occurs, roads and houses are built, and utility lines are strung. This activity illustrates the __________ environment.

Social-cultural

Applying the __________ hypothesis to black-white intermarriage would suggest marrying up socioeconomically on the part of a white person, who, in effect, trades socially defined superior racial status for the economically superior status of a middle- or upper-middle class black partner.

Status exchange

The __________ perspective once argued for the functionality of specialized gender roles.

Structure-functional

Though there is no "typical" family today, advocates supporting the ________ perspective frequently argue that the heterosexual nuclear family is the norm, while their opponents refuse to view the nuclear family as normal, natural, or best.

Structure-functional

The conflict perspective is the opposite of the___________; it assumes that not all family behaviors and practices contribute to family well-being.

Structure-functional theory

When conducting ____________, researchers ask a series of structured, or close-ended questions.

Surveys

Within exchange theory, the _________ refers to the relationship between committment to the relationship and power in the relationship.

The principle of least interest

According to attachment theory, if an individual is able to recognize a problematic attachment style they may be able to change it.

True

As families have become less rigidly structured, people have made fewer choices "once & for all."

True

Many female victims blame themselves at least partially for date rape.

True

Physical attractiveness is especially important in the early stages of a relationship.

True

Sociobiologists are careful to point out that biological predisposition does not mean that a person's behavior cannot be influenced or changed by social structure.

True

The United States is an example of what cross-cultural researchers call a free-choice culture.

True

The aim of qualitative research is to gain in-depth understandings of people's experiences.

True

The family development perspective emphasizes the individual family as the unit of analysis and examines the orderly stages through which families are seen to move.

True

The family ecology perspective stresses the interdependence of all the world's families—not only with one another but also with the environment

True

The more common infertility interventions involve prescription drugs and microscopic surgical procedures to repair a female's fallopian tubes.

True

The most common household type today is that of married couples without children.

True

Who we are and our personal decisions and attitudes are a product of our environment.

True

Majority of children live in ________ households.

Two-parent

Traditionally, law and social science specified that the family consisted of people related by

blood, marriage, or adoption

Over the past four decades, fertility in the United States has

declined

Life in American families reflects a tension in American culture between family solidarity and

individual freedom

In 1967, in the case of Loving v. Virginia, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that

interracial marriage must be considered legally valid in all states

Particularly among college educated women, parenthood is

postponed

Children learn social roles by imitating the behaviors of parents, siblings, and family members through

role-taking

According to the text's discussion of how social factors influence people's personal choices,

social factors can limit people's options

Cohabitation has emerged as a lifestyle

that can be an alternative to marriage

What marks the end of the family life cycle, according to the text?

the death of a spouse

Social scientist Ira Reiss has proposed what he calls a "__________ theory" of love.

wheel

According to the text, over time, cohabitation has become

"mainstream"

Sociologist Robert Davis believes that black men are inclined to see white women as

"the prize"

According to the text, a national random sample of approximately __________ persons can validly represent the U.S. population.

1,500

Research suggests that physical violence occurs in about __________ percent of dating relationships.

20-40

About ________ of American children live in single parent families.

25 percent

Almost __________ percent of American adults said they believed in "one true love."

75