FDM 493F Exam 3 review questions

17) List and explain the 7 age cohorts.

1. The Interbellum Generation—people born at the beginning of the 20th century. 2. The Silent Generation—people born between the world wars. 3. The War Baby Generation—people born during World War II. 4. The Baby Boom Generation—people born between 1946 and 1964. 5. Generation X—People born between 1965 and 1985. 6. Generation Y—People born between 1986 and 2002. 7. Generation Z—People born after 2003.

20) ________ consumption occurs with objects and events that are considered to be ordinary and everyday. A) Profane B) Sacred C) Objectified D) Ritualized

A. Profane

19) Pavel is an inventor. He read that there were several million people who could not sleep at night until they looked under the bed. He invented a light that could be put under the bed and went on automatically when someone looked there. Pavel's product is designed to help people perform a ________. A) ritual B) symbolic exchange C) convention D) rite of passage

A. Ritual

13) Trisha grew up in a drug-ridden inner city neighborhood. Through sheer determination and intelligence, Trisha is now a medical doctor teaching on the staff of a large university hospital. Trisha is proud of what she has accomplished, but sometimes she feels stressed and uncertain of who she really is. The concept of ________ assesses the impact of such inconsistencies. A) status crystallization B) homogamy C) habitus D) invidious distinction

A. Status Crystallization

12) The lower classes use more restrictive codes than do the upper classes. How does this knowledge change the way insurance might be sold to a working-class man compared to an upper-class man? A) The promotion to the working-class man should emphasize his immediate satisfaction in knowing that his family will be cared for, while the upper-class promotion should emphasize the long-term consequences of the choice. B) The promotion to the working-class man should emphasize the long-term benefits of insurance, while the upper-class promotion should emphasize the short-term consequences of the choice. C) The promotion to the working-class man should emphasize pictures while the upper-class promotion should emphasize words. D) Both men would receive the same ad because elaboration codes have been found to be irrelevant to this product category.

A. The promotion to the working-class man should emphasize his immediate satisfaction in knowing that his family will be cared for, while the upper-class promotion should emphasize the long-term consequences of the choice.

7) A marketing manager who wants to identify opinion leaders for her product category should ________. A) find government officials who use the product B) find socially active persons who are intensely interested in the product category and who are similar to the other customers C) find intellectuals who can write and speak well so that product communication will be facilitated D) look for people who stand out in a crowd

B. Find socially active persons who are intensely interested in the product category and who are similar to the other customers

9) Amanda thought she had been cheated by a local car dealership. She was so upset that she created a Web site to share her story with the world. What is the most likely result of Amanda's action? A) Most readers will think that Amanda is a little nutty and ignore her Web site. B) Amanda's Web site will decrease the credibility of the dealership's ad and will influence potential buyers to stay away from the dealership. C) Even if it is read extensively, Amanda's Web site will have little effect on how people see the dealership or Amanda. D) The Web site will actually increase sales at the dealership by giving them free advertisements.

B. Amanda's Web Site will decrease the credibility of the dealership's ad and will influence potential buyers to stay away from the dealership.

2) Julie Morgan loves to go into Springer's Old Country Gifts. It always smells like a field of spring flowers. The lighting gives all the products a warm glow, and the mood music is just perfect for casual browsing. After her visit to the store, Julie is always in a better mood. Springer's Old Country Gifts has attracted Julie with its ________. A) store position B) atmospherics C) subliminal clues D) marketscape theme

B. Atmospherics

6) Every summer, thousands of motorcycle enthusiasts converge at Sturgis, South Dakota, for a motorcycle rally. They fill up every campground, motel, and hotel, in the vicinity. This annual illustrates a(n) ________. A) normative clan B) consumer tribe C) maven network D) aspirational group

B. Consumer Tribe

3) Political candidates who get the most media coverage are more likely to win elections because of the effect of ________ in determining one's set of referents. A) propinquity B) mere exposure C) group cohesiveness D) reference bias

B. Mere Exposure

14) Peggy Simmons has a tough assignment. She is to live in Japan for the next five years and successfully introduce her company's line of cosmetics to Japanese women. Her company's management hopes that living in an average neighborhood, commuting to work every day, eating native food, and speaking Japanese will help Peggy involve herself in the society more quickly than if she stayed separate from her hosts. The company's management wants Peggy to use the ________ model. A) life course paradigm B) progressive learning C) warming D) consumer renaissance

B. Progressive Learning

15) The popularity of the movie The Passion of the Christ, the book The Da Vinci Code, and the musical The Book of Mormon are evidence of which of the following? A) Megachurches provide marketing opportunities for niche marketers. B) Religious themes can be effectively used by mainstream marketers. C) Born again Christians are the primary religious market in the U.S. D) Church leaders impact the consumption practices of their followers.

B. Religious themes can be effectively used by mainstream marketers

11) Anna is a millionaire but she is constantly stressed and unhappy despite her wealth, Anna is experiencing ________. A) burnout B) class warfare C) affluenza D) cosmopolitanism

C. Affluenza

5) James Otis wants to be "just like Mike" (basketball star Michael Jordan) and has for many years. James has purchased Jordan-gear, follows Jordan's career, and he has often thought about how to give back to his community the way MJ has. Which of the following reference group terms would apply to James Otis and his relationship with Michael Jordan? A) Membership group B) Avoidance group C) Aspirational group D) Tribal group

C. Aspirational Group

16) Shannon Reeves and Tish Phillips remember their days as student protesters in the 1960s. Shannon remembers seeing Jim Hendrix at Woodstock and Tish remembers burning her bra in front of the central administration building at Yale. These memories about cultural heroes and events are one of the chief characteristics of an age ________. A) paradigm B) renaissance C) cohort D) perception

C. Cohort

4) Beth likes to volunteer at a local food bank. Because she once worked at a large supermarket and saw lots of food that had not been purchased, she arranged for a local store to give unsold items to the food bank. Beth was engaged in ________. A) lateral cycling B) divestment cycling C) freecycling D) underground cycling

C. Freecycling

21) Thomas and his family recently toured the Gettysburg Battlefield on their vacation. The area was rich in history. While walking, Thomas remembered all the accounts of the battle that he had read in school. He finally understood why this place had such a special meaning in American history and to Americans in general. Gettysburg Battlefield is best classified as ________. A) profane B) objectified C) sacred D) crescive

C. Sacred

8) Anna and David both have the same college degree, belong to the same social class, and attend the same church. This situation illustrates ________. A) influence network B) positive reinforcement C) referent power D) homophily

D. Homophily

10) Although teenagers do not have the income of older consumers, they are still an attractive marked based on income. Why? A) Because they have less money, they are more careful of how they spend it. B) Parents lead the teenagers into what they buy; hence any understanding of adult buying patterns can be useful for teenagers as well. C) Teenagers have more consumer confidence and are, therefore, more likely to be swayed by promotional material. D) Teenagers don't have the income of adults, but it's almost all discretionary, meaning that they can spend it as they see fit.

D. Teenagers don't have the income of adults, but it's almost all discretionary, meaning that they can spend it as they see fit.

18) List and explain the four interrelated functions in a culture.

Metaphysical—helps to explain the origins of existence. Cosmological—emphasizes that all components of the universe are part of a single picture. Sociological—maintains the social order because it authorizes a social code for members of a culture to follow. Psychological—provides models for personal conduct.

22) Differentiate between the trickle-down, trickle-up, and trickle-across theories as they apply to fashion.

Trickle-down theory—states that fashion trickles down from the upper class to the lower class. Trickle-across—states that fashion trickles horizontally across social groups. Trickle-up—states that fashion trickles up from the lower class to the upper class.

23) Hofstede's Dimensions of National Culture organizes cross-cultural values based on power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation, and indulgence.

True

Wynona was impulsive. Her friends accused her of being calculating, but she thought of herself as simply an analytical thinker. She wanted what she wanted and tomorrow could take care of itself. Researchers would classify her as being a hedonic variety-seeker. Which of the following time metaphors would best capture Wynona's perspective of time? A) Time is a pressure cooker. B) Time is a map. C) Time is a feast. D) Time is a mirror.

c) Time is a Feast