fed gov ch.9

______ are nonprofit independent groups that receive and distribute funds to influence the nomination, election, and defeat of a candidate.

527 Committees

Since the 1930s, African Americans have identified as

Democrats

What were the most common favors political bosses distributed to loyal party members during the era of political machines?

jobs

Which of the following is the best definition of soft money?

a contribution parties use to offset the cost of internal organization and voter registration without spending the money on a candidate's election

Which of the following transpires when one party controls the presidency while another party controls one or both houses of Congress?

a divided government

Which group was not a part of the New Deal coalition?

business leaders

The power of ______ demonstrates how political party bosses can confer governmental favors on loyal party members.

patronage

Vigorous political parties ______ voter turnout.

promote

Third-party candidates are better off under what system of election?

proportional representation

Which of the following statements about party building is true?

since the Eisenhower presidency, Republican's have paid much more attention to party building than Democrats

During the early nineteenth century, the Jeffersonian Party's main base of strength was in

the South

The New Deal coalition was severely strained and ultimately broken apart by

the Vietnam War and the issue of civil right

The Federalist Party disappeared forever as a result of

the War of 1812

Which of the following best explains where the standard organizational structure of a political party originated?

the competitive organizing activities of the Jeffersonian Republicans and the Federalists

Dealignment refers to

the decline of partisan attachment within the electorate, the growth in the number of voters identifying themselves as independents, and the rise of "split-ticket voting"

Which of the following statements about the strength of parties in recent years is not true?

there are dramatically declining levels of unity in roll call voting in recent years

Throughout its history, American politics has been dominated by

two major political parties

The United States began its tradition of the ______ during the early eighteenth century.

two-party system

Historically, realignments occur

when new issues combine with economic or political crises to mobilize new voters and persuade large numbers of voters to reexamine their traditional partisan loyalties

In Conscience of a Conservative, ______ espoused a number of ideas, such as less taxation and less government regulation of the economy, that became major themes for the modern Republican Party.

Barry Goldwater

A______ is a closed meeting of a political group's members who gather to determine strategy and select candidates

Caucus

What were the two major parties in the United States during the 1830s and 1840s?

Democrats and the Whigs

The first party system was characterized by conflict between ______ the and the ______.

Federalists; Jeffersonian Republicans

The third-party candidate who won the most electoral college votes in American history was

George Wallace

Which of the following parties originated from internal mobilization?

Jeffersonian Party

Which of the following is not an argument in favor of establishing a multiparty system in the United States?

No state has ever tried a multiparty system in the United States before

Which of the following statements about Organizing for America (OFA) is false?

OFA has established offices in only three states: California, New York, and Massachusetts

The program of Reconstruction after the Civil War was led by the ______ Party.

Republican

From the end of the Civil War to the 1890s, the ______ Party was the party of the North, while the ______ Party was the party of the South.

Republican; Democratic

Which of the following best indicated the downfall of the New Deal coalition?

Richard Nixon's election in 1968

Between the Civil War and the 1960s, the ______ was a Democratic stronghold.

South

In contemporary American politics, solid support for the Republican Party comes from the

South and Mountain West

Which event occurred in 1994?

The Republican Party won control of both houses of Congress for the first time since the 1950s

Which of the following statements concerning third parties is false?

The earliest third parties in the United States arose as a result of the Great Depression

Which of the following occurs when one party becomes dominant after replacing another party that has dominated national politics for a lengthy period of time?

an electoral realignment

Which of the following is the best description of a political party?

an organization that tries to influence the government by getting its members elected to office

During the late 1840s and early 1850s, both the Democratic and Whig parties were divided by

conflicts over slavery

Internal mobilization occurs when

conflicts within the government create divided factions that try to mobilize popular support

The establishment of the Republican Party is a good example of

external mobilization

An individual's psychological attachment to one party or another is called a party

identification

The percentage of people identifying themselves as independents has ______ since the 1950s while the number of people identifying themselves as Democrats has ______.

increased; decreased

State and local party organization do all of the following except

litigate against unfavorable policies

Which of the following is not accomplished at a party's national convention?

nomination of Senate and House candidates

A party activist is an individual who

not only votes, but also contributes time, energy, effort, and financial resources to party affairs

Which of the following statements about parties in Congress is false?

only members of the majority party are allowed to take part in the election of the Speaker of the House

A party's ______ contains its philosophy, principles, and policy positions.

platform

During the 1980s, under the leadership of Ronald Reagan, which two groups did the Republican Party add to their coalition?

religious conservatives and working-class whites

One important cause of the United States' two-party system is

single-member electoral districts

How many party systems has the United States had since 1789?

six

What issue led to the demise of the Whig Party?

slavery

Third parties in the United States typically represent

social and economic interests that are disregarded by the two major parties for certain reasons

Men in the United States are ______ the ______ Party.

somewhat more likely to support; Republican

The "era of good feelings" was

the period of one=party politics from the collapse of the Federalist Party until the 1830s

Historically, political parties have been most useful for ______ to achieve political power.

the poor and working class

Who elects the chairperson for the Republican and Democratic national committees?

the president if the party controls the White House, or the party committee if the party does not control the White House

"Me too" Republicanism refers to

the tendency of Republican politicians during the New Deal to support popular programs such as Social Security rather than advocate alternative policies

Which group is most likely to support the Republican Party?

wealthy

From 1896 to 1932, the ______ Party was the nation's majority party.

Republican

Which of the following was not a date of an electoral realignment?

1994

As a third-party candidate, Ross Perot captured approximately ______ percent of the popular vote in the 1992 presidential election.

20

When Richard Nixon employed his "southern strategy" he

appealed to disaffected white voters in the South