Federal Government Quiz #2

The Bill of Rights was ratified by the states in 1791. 1812. 1787. 1776.

1791.

In what year was freedom of speech extended to protect against the acts of state governments? 1833 1865 1925 1868

1925

About ________ percent of all lower court cases are reviewed by federal appeals courts. 20 10 1 48

20

About ________ percent of southern white families owned slaves in 1840. 5 1 25 50

25

Congress has authorized the appointment of ________ federal district court judges in the United States. 1,002 9 79 678

678

More than ________ percent of all cases in the United States are heard in state courts. 33 97 68 50

97

The 1940 case of Cantwell v. Connecticut was significant because it established that a display of the Ten Commandments outside the Connecticut State Capitol did not violate the Constitution. Americans are free to adhere to any religious beliefs, and the government cannot regulate the time, place, and manner of their exercise. a display of the Ten Commandments outside the Connecticut State Capitol did violate the Constitution. Americans are free to adhere to any religious beliefs, but the time, place, and manner of their exercise are subject to regulation in the public interest.

Americans are free to adhere to any religious beliefs, but the time, place, and manner of their exercise are subject to regulation in the public interest.

In the 1969 case of ________, the Supreme Court expressly overruled its decision in ________ and declared that the double jeopardy clause did, in fact, apply to the states. Palko v. Connecticut; Benton v. Maryland Benton v. Maryland; Furman v. Georgia Palko v. Connecticut; Furman v. Georgia Benton v. Maryland; Palko v. Connecticut

Benton v. Maryland; Palko v. Connecticut

During the Founding era, ________ were the strongest supporters of adding a bill of rights to the Constitution. Antifederalists Federalists slaves merchants and landowners

Antifederalists

It was during the tenure of Chief Justice ________ that the Supreme Court established gender discrimination as a highly visible area of civil rights law. Warren Burger Taft Rehnquist

Burger

The Black Lives Matter protests started in New York City, New York. Chicago, Illinois. Baltimore, Maryland. Ferguson, Missouri.

Ferguson, Missouri.

In which 1939 case did the Supreme Court declare that the government may not prohibit speech-related activities such as demonstrations or leafleting in public areas traditionally used for that purpose? Hague v. Committee for Industrial Organization Bigelow v. Virginia City Council v. Taxpayers for Vincent Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier

Hague v. Committee for Industrial Organization

According to the Supreme Court, which of the following is true about high school students in public schools? High school students have the same free speech rights as adults. The justices have always provided a broad protection of free speech rights for high school students. High school students have conditionally protected speech. High school students have no free speech rights whatsoever.

High school students have conditionally protected speech.

In Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action (2014), the justices ruled on a(n) ________ ballot initiative establishing that ________ constitutional. Michigan; a ban on racial preferences in college admissions was Indiana; education vouchers were Maine; banning the harvesting of lobsters was Nebraska; strict gun control laws were

Michigan; a ban on racial preferences in college admissions was

The "switch in time that saved nine" referred to a(n) series of early twentieth-century Supreme Court decisions that reaffirmed the importance of the Ninth Amendment. attempt by the Republican-dominated Senate in 1994 to confirm as many conservative judges as possible before the midterm elections. filibuster in the early nineteenth century that limited the number of federal district courts to nine. Supreme Court justice who had been voting to strike down New Deal policies changing his vote to support the policies in response to a plan by President Roosevelt to increase the size of the Supreme Court.

Supreme Court justice who had been voting to strike down New Deal policies changing his vote to support the policies in response to a plan by President Roosevelt to increase the size of the Supreme Court.

The Eighth Amendment's protection from cruel and unusual punishment was incorporated as a result of a 1962 Supreme Court decision about California's 90-day sentence for people found guilty of "addiction to the use of narcotics." the ratification of the Twenty-Seventh Amendment. a 1969 Supreme Court decision about an individual tried twice in the state of Maryland for the same crime of larceny. a 1964 Supreme Court decision about Illinois police officers' denial of a suspect's request to see his lawyer during interrogation.

a 1962 Supreme Court decision about California's 90-day sentence for people found guilty of "addiction to the use of narcotics."

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) and Roe v. Wade (1973) have been extremely important in the development of American due process. the rights of individuals accused of crimes. a test that can be used to determine what is protected speech. a constitutional right to privacy.

a constitutional right to privacy.

"Massive resistance" was the name given to attempts by white southerners during the 1950s to block the federal government's school desegregation efforts. the movement of white southerners opposing the Reconstruction policies of the federal government during the 1870s. the NAACP's efforts to use the federal judiciary to challenge segregation in southern states during the 1930s. the Montgomery, Alabama, bus boycott of the 1950s.

attempts by white southerners during the 1950s to block the federal government's school desegregation efforts.

Miranda v. Arizona (1966) was important because it produced rules that must be used to determine whether a warrant should be issued for a police search. by the police before questioning an arrested criminal suspect. to determine if some element of the Bill of Rights should be applied to the states. to judge whether printed materials are pornographic.

by the police before questioning an arrested criminal suspect.

In eminent domain cases decided in 1945 and 2005, the Supreme Court has ruled that cities must retain all land they seize from private owners for at least 100 years. can seize land from private owners and transfer it to another private owner as part of a redevelopment program. are only allowed to seize land from private owners in order to build new highways or new schools. must retain all land they seize from private owners for at least 50 years.

can seize land from private owners and transfer it to another private owner as part of a redevelopment program.

Legally enforced segregation in public schools is a form of ________ discrimination. de facto suspect stare decisis de jure

de jure

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was signed into law by President John F. Kennedy. ended some of the most blatant forms of discrimination across the country. made discrimination by state governments illegal but permitted discrimination by private employers. did not permit the Justice Department to implement federal court orders to desegregate schools.

ended some of the most blatant forms of discrimination across the country.

The Administrative Procedure Act is important in civil law because it governs agency rule making. sets the procedures for filing appellate cases in the various state court systems. defines the jurisdiction of the various state court systems. sets the procedures for filing appellate cases in the federal court system.

governs agency rule making.

Roe v. Wade is a good example of judicial review because it upheld a law enacted by a state government. judicial restraint because it was based on a strict reading of the actual words discussing the right to privacy in the Constitution. a class-action lawsuit because it affected more than a single person. judicial activism because it was based on a constitutional right to privacy that is not found in the actual words of the Constitution.

judicial activism because it was based on a constitutional right to privacy that is not found in the actual words of the Constitution.

In terms of combating racism, the NAACP had the MOST success with lawsuits. civil disobedience. radio and television advertising. mass marches and protests.

lawsuits.

One example of ________ is the fact that a lawsuit filed by California against Nevada over river pollution goes directly before the Supreme Court. granting a writ of certiorari stare decisis original jurisdiction appellate jurisdiction

original jurisdiction

In McConnell v. Federal Election Commission (2003), the Supreme Court ruled that Congress could not place limits on either campaign spending or "issue advertising." place limits on "issue advertising" but not on campaign spending. place limits on campaign spending but not on "issue advertising." place limits on campaign spending and on "issue advertising."

place limits on campaign spending and on "issue advertising."

Among other things, the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act outlawed candidates and political parties from broadcasting any election-related advertisements within 60 days of a primary election. provided public financing to all candidates running for federal office. placed a ban on corporate funding of independent political broadcasts aimed at electing or defeating particular candidates. eliminated all public financing previously available to candidates running for federal office.

placed a ban on corporate funding of independent political broadcasts aimed at electing or defeating particular candidates.

If a defendant is charged with burglary but admits to a lesser charge of trespassing in exchange for the prosecution dismissing the burglary charge and forgoing the criminal trial, it is an example of a(n) pro bono settlement. amicus curiae. plea bargain. quid pro quo.

plea bargain.

If the government stopped the New York Times from releasing the transcripts of cell phone conversations between world leaders, it would be called speech plus. sedition. prior restraint. clear and present danger.

prior restraint.

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 attempted to protect women against disenfranchisement in the voting booth. protect former slaves from discrimination in public accommodations such as hotels and theaters. expand the protections of the Fourteenth Amendment to recent Asian immigrants. protect African Americans against disenfranchisement in the voting booth.

protect former slaves from discrimination in public accommodations such as hotels and theaters.

In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), the Supreme Court ruled that all affirmative action policies were unconstitutional. quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were constitutional, but other forms of affirmative action were unconstitutional. quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were unconstitutional, but affirmative action could be used. all affirmative action policies would be subject to strict scrutiny by the courts.

quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were unconstitutional, but affirmative action could be used.

The 1977 Community Reinvestment Act allowed the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to initiate legal action in cases of housing discrimination. required banks to lend in the neighborhoods in which they do business. outlawed the practice of banks offering subprime mortgage products with higher interest rates to home buyers on the basis of race. mandated that all property tax revenue would remain within local communities.

required banks to lend in the neighborhoods in which they do business.

Desegregating schools in northern states proved to be difficult because very few minorities lived in the North. segregation in the North was generally de facto. there was less tax revenue to fund integration efforts in the North. discrimination in the South was so visible and pervasive that little attention had been given to other parts of the country.

segregation in the North was generally de facto.

In Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), the Supreme Court determined that African Americans had minimal process rights under the U.S. Constitution. slaves were not citizens of the United States. Dred Scott was a free citizen. the Missouri Compromise was constitutional in all aspects.

slaves were not citizens of the United States.

A challenge to a state law hindering access to the court system would MOST likely be subject to which level of judicial scrutiny? intermediate scrutiny strict scrutiny rational basis test complete scrutiny

strict scrutiny

In Shelby County v. Holder (2014), the Supreme Court struck down the 1965 Voting Rights Act's formula for determining whether a jurisdiction needed federal preclearance before making any changes to its voting laws or practices. upheld the 1965 Voting Rights Act's formula for determining whether a jurisdiction needed federal preclearance before making any changes to its voting laws or practices. struck down all state laws that required voters to show photo identification before casting a ballot. struck down an Arizona law requiring that individuals produce proof of U.S. citizenship in order to register to vote.

struck down the 1965 Voting Rights Act's formula for determining whether a jurisdiction needed federal preclearance before making any changes to its voting laws or practices.

Cases ________ are LEAST likely to be accepted by the Supreme Court. that raise important questions about civil rights in which the federal government is an appellant that address state laws but do not raise constitutional issues that involve conflicting decisions by federal circuit courts

that address state laws but do not raise constitutional issues

In the 2014 case of Riley v. California, the Supreme Court held that corporations have free speech rights under the First Amendment. the police can undertake a warrantless search of the digital contents of a cell phone if its officers believe there is "probable cause." the police cannot undertake a warrantless search of the digital contents of a cell phone. state courts must provide legal counsel to defendants who could not afford their own attorneys.

the police cannot undertake a warrantless search of the digital contents of a cell phone.

Normally, ________ hear(s) a specific case on a federal circuit court of appeals. all of the judges 15 judges three judges one judge

three judges