Feline Viral Diseases
How is FIV diagnosed?
Antibody ELISA looking for p24
What is the most common test for FeLV?
Antigen testing --> ELISA or DFA or PCR (most accurate). Core protein p27 helps to identify.
What is seen in the effusive form of FIP?
Ascites, thoracic effusion, or both. Weight loss, dyspnea, tachypnea, muffled heart sounds, abdmonimal masses, pale mm.
Which cells are infected by FIV?
B and T lymphocytes and macrophages --> decreased immune function and bone marrow infection --> infections, neoplasia, wasting
Other than FHV-1, FCV, and Chlamydophila, what organism is associated with feline respiratory disease?
Bordatella --> primary and secondary disease
Feline calicivirus (FCV) and herpesvirus are both forever/latent viruses. How do they differ?
Calicivirus is more often fatal. Pyrexia, oral ulceration, respiratory and conjunctival signs. Feline gingiostomatitis.
How is FeLV transmitted?
Cat to cat: salivary glands --> grooming, food bowls, fighting and biting
What happens to the fetus if its mother is infected with parvovirus?
Cerebellar hypoplasia and other abnormalities
How are FHV-1 and FCV diagnosed?
Clinical signs + oropharyngeal or conjunctival swabs for virus isolation or PCR
How is presumptive diagnosis made for feline parvovirus?
Clinical signs and leukopenia
What is the main clinical sign associated with Chlamydophila felis?
Conjunctivitis
What treatment is used for FIP?
Disease is caused by the cat's inflammatory immune response --> prednisolone used --> non-selective immunosuppression --> secondary infections possible.
How is FIP diagnosed?
Effusion analysis = modified transudate with high protein count >3.5g/dL and. IFA = effusate macrophagics. CSF analysis = increased protein and pleocytosis.
What is the best test to rule out FIP?
Fecal RT PCR for coronavirus enteritis. If no coronavirus, then no FIP present. Rivalta's test is a quicker test with a good negative predictive value, but is not as strong.
What is the transmission route of coronavirus?
Fecal-oral
What is the fancy name for FIP?
Feline corona-virus associated syndrome
Most cats are affected with coronaviridae and only show what signs?
GI signs; cats <2y and >10y may develop FIP or PI that develops into FIP, though most are resistent or develop a transient infection
What are the main clinical signs of FeLV?
Immunosuppression --> co-infections with FIP, FIV, etc.; also goes into the bone marrow and see anemias --> fading kitten syndrome, and kidney problems as immune complex deposition in the glomerulus
What is the best treatment for FeLV and FIV?
Isolation of infected cats from uninfected (as immunosuppressed and can bring in scary stuff, and is contagious). Confine indoors. Avoid raw foods. Avoid steroids. VACCINATE.
When do you know that FeLV has resolved in a cat?
It NEVER goes away - can have latent infection until immunosuppression or stress makes it pop out
What is a problem with vaccinating cats for FIV?
It cross reacts with positive antibody ELISA
How is FIV cured?
It isn't - persistently infected and progressive dysfunction of normal immune function (like HIV for cats)
Why should FIV negative cats be re-tested and when?
It takes 60 days to seroconvert, so should be re-tested in two months in case caught at beginning
Which antiviral is used best with FHV-1?
L-Lysine. -ciclovirs can also be used for ocular herpes.
What kind of virus is FIV?
Lentivirus
What is seen on bloodwork of FIP?
Lymphopenia and may have non-regenerative anemia
FIV can affect any system and can therefore have non-specific clinical signs, except for which sign with acute FIV?
Neurological disease due to neuronal toxicity
What is Feline Panleukopenia virus?
Parvovirus --> fecal-oral and happy in environment
What are the core feline vaccines?
Parvovirus, FHV-1, FCV, and Rabies
Which cats are most at risk of developing FIP?
Purebreds: Abyssinian, Bengal, Ragdoll
What is the disease process of FIP?
Pyogranulomatous vasculitis = organ damage due to damaged blood vessels, NOT peritonitis.
Clinical signs of feline parvovirus can be absent to severe, and is acutely self limiting. But why is it a danger?
Rapid death within 12 hours via DIC --> fever, vomiting, extreme dehydration, ropy intestines with abdominal pain. Worst mortality in 3-5 months
Where does Feline Parvovirus/Panleukopenia virus like to hang out?
Rapidly dividing tissues: GI, bone marrow, lymphoid tissue --> panleukopenia
What kind of virus is FeLV?
Retrovirus
Which test has the best negative predictive value for ruling out a diagnosis of FIP?
Rivalta's test
How is FIV transmitted?
Saliva and blood --> more common in male cats because of fighting and biting prevalence
How is feline parvovirus diagnosed?
Serology, cytology for inclusion bodies, or PCR
What are key clinical signs of FHV-1?
Serous ocular and nasal discharge with pyrexia and ADR --> conjunctivitis and mucopurulent discharge --> ulcerative keratitis
How is feline parvovirus treated?
Supportive care, metoclopramide for normal peristalsis, GI protectants, broad spectrum antibiotics for bacterial translocation such as penicillin/metronidazole/clindamycin.
What antibacterials are used for Bordatella, Chlamydophila, and Mycoplasma respiratory infections?
Tetracyclines
What is seen in the noneffusive/dry form of FIP?
Vague C/S = chronic signs such as lethargy, weight loss, and INTRAOCULAR signs common such as iritis (color change), aqueous flare, ketatic precipitates, or hyphema. Neurologic signs.
What are other names for FHV-1?
Viral rhinotracheitis or feline influenza
