Female Reproductive - Benign and Maligant Tumors
The nurse is educating a patient about care after a hysterectomy. Which statement indicates to the nurse that the patient needs further education? "I will avoid dancing for several months." "I will avoid swimming for 8 weeks." "I will avoid sexual intercourse for 2 weeks." "I will avoid heavy lifting for 2 months."
"I will avoid sexual intercourse for 2 weeks." Sexual intercourse should be avoided for 4 to six weeks in patients who undergo hysterectomy for the wound to heal. Therefore a patient who makes this statement needs further instruction. Dancing may increase pelvic congestion and should be avoided by patients for several months. Swimming is physically and mentally helpful for patients who undergo hysterectomy and can begin as soon as the wound has healed. Heavy lifting (anything greater than 10 pounds) should be avoided for 2 months. pp. 1261
The nurse is educating a teenage patient about risk factors for cancer of the reproductive system. Which patient statements demonstrate understanding of the education? Select all that apply. "I will avoid alcohol." "I will avoid smoking." "I will increase my intake of dietary fiber." "I will use condoms for sexual intercourse." "I will limit sexual activity in my adolescent years." "I will urinate as soon as sexual intercourse is over."
"I will avoid smoking." "I will use condoms for sexual intercourse." "I will limit sexual activity in my adolescent years." Teaching women about risk factors for cancers of the reproductive system includes limiting adolescent sexual activity, using condoms, and avoiding smoking. Avoiding alcohol and increasing the consumption of dietary fiber are preventive measures for other cancers. Urinating when sexual intercourse is over may help prevent urinary tract infections but not cancer of the reproductive system. p. 1260
A patient is diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome and asks the nurse how she could have developed this disorder. What is the best response by the nurse? "The disorder may result from hormonal abnormalities." "Taking immunosuppressive medications can cause it." "Obesity is an associated factor in the development of the disorder." "Contracting an infection caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) is the cause."
"The disorder may result from hormonal abnormalities." Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that results from abnormalities in hormonal levels, such as elevated levels of male sex hormones. Obesity can cause endometrial cancer. Immunosuppression and infection with HPV lead to cervical cancer. p. 1255
Which instruction should the nurse provide regarding clomiphene, prescribed for a patient with ovarian cysts? "You should contact the primary health care provider if you gain weight." "You should contact the primary health care provider if you get irregular menses." "You should contact the primary health care provider if lower abdominal pain occurs." "You should contact the primary health care provider if you find abnormal hair on your body."
"You should contact the primary health care provider if lower abdominal pain occurs." Clomiphene is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medication that is used to assist fertility in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. The patient on clomiphene should immediately contact the primary health care provider if lower abdominal pain occurs. Weight gain, irregular menses, and hirsutism (abnormal hair growth on the body) are the symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome. p. 1255
The nurse is providing an educational program to a group of young women about the importance of Papanicolaou (Pap) testing for cervical cancer. Which information should the nurse include? Pap tests are 100 percent accurate in screening for cervical cell abnormalities. A Pap test should be conducted in women who have had a total hysterectomy. Regular Pap testing should begin at the age the woman becomes sexually active. A Pap test should be conducted every 3 years in women aged 21 to 29 years.
A Pap test should be conducted every 3 years in women aged 21 to 29 years. Women 21 to 29 years of age should be screened with a Pap test every 3 years. Pap tests are less than 100 percent accurate in screening for cervical cell abnormalities. A Pap test should not be conducted for women who have had total hysterectomy. Pap tests should begin at the age of 21, irrespective of when a woman becomes sexually active. p. 1256
A patient is scheduled to have a surgical procedure involving dissection of lymph nodes in the pelvis. About what surgical procedure should the nurse educate the patient? Vulvectomy Vaginectomy Radical hysterectomy Vaginal hysterectomy
A leiomyoma, or a uterine fibroid, is a benign, noncancerous, smooth muscle uterine tumor. An ectopic pregnancy is the implantation of a fertilized ovum anywhere outside the uterus. Endometriosis is a benign gynecologic condition in which endometrial tissue accumulates outside the endometrium. A fistula is an abnormal opening between internal organs or between an organ and the exterior of the body. p. 1254
A patient is diagnosed with a cervical polyp. What information should the nurse give this patient? Select all that apply. A malignant change may occur. Polyps may be excised or cauterized on an outpatient basis. A single polyp is usually benign; multiple polyps are malignant. Polyps are due to infection and a course of antibiotics is needed. Polyps are due to aggressive intercourse, and intercourse should be avoided for two weeks.
A malignant change may occur. Polyps may be excised or cauterized on an outpatient basis. Polyp tissue removed will be sent for pathologic review, because polyps occasionally undergo malignant changes. When the polyp is small, it can be excised in an outpatient procedure. Polyps, whether single or multiple, are benign in nature; occasionally, they may undergo malignant change. The exact cause for polyps is not known, but they are not due to infection or sexual intercourse. p. 1255
A patient has been diagnosed with a few small leiomyomas, and she has informed the health care provider that she would like to preserve her uterus. Regarding which procedure should the nurse prepare to educate the patient? Myomectomy Hysteroscopy Dilation and curettage Laparoscopic hysterectomy
A myomectomy is typically performed when leiomyomas are small and few in number; the uterus will be preserved. A laparoscopic hysterectomy is performed using only laparoscopic instruments to remove the uterus and leave the cervix intact. A hysteroscopy is a diagnostic imaging study of the endometrium. Dilation and curettage is a dilation of the cervix and the scraping of the endometrium. This procedure does not remove leiomyomas. p. 1254
A patient is admitted to the hospital with severe pain due to a tuboovarian abscess caused by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Which nursing interventions are appropriate for the patient? Select all that apply. Administer IV fluids. Give a sitz bath to the patient. Provide bed rest in a prone position. Administer analgesics to relieve pain. Apply a cold compress to the lower abdomen.
Administer IV fluids. Give a sitz bath to the patient. Administer analgesics to relieve pain. Analgesics should be given to relieve pain, and IV fluids should be given to prevent dehydration. Application of heat to the lower abdomen or sitz baths may improve circulation and decrease pain. Bed rest in a semi-Fowler's position promotes drainage of the pelvic cavity by gravity and may prevent the development of abscesses high in the abdomen. p. 1252
A patient is scheduled to have a hysterectomy and informs the nurse that after previous abdominal surgery, she had gas pains. What can the nurse educate the patient about that will reduce the occurrence of gas pains? Ambulating after surgery Performing leg exercises Changing position frequently Avoiding pressure under knees
Ambulating after surgery Abdominal flatus is the presence of gas in the intestinal tract. Ambulating the patient stimulates peristalsis and expulsion of gas. Encouraging leg exercises helps to promote leg circulation. Avoiding pressure under the knees and changing the patient's position frequently will minimize stasis and pooling of blood. p. 1260
The nurse suspects that the tumor of a patient with cervical cancer has enlarged, resulting in heavy bleeding. Which other late stage symptoms does the nurse expect in this patient? Select all that apply. Anemia Cachexia Weight loss Heavy bleeding Abdominal girth
Anemia Cachexia Weight loss When the tumor enlarges, it results in frequent and heavy bleeding. Late stage symptoms of cervical cancer include anemia, cachexia, and weight loss due to heavy bleeding. Heavy bleeding is a late complication of radiation therapy. Abdominal girth is a late symptom of ovarian cancer. p. 1256
Which is an early clinical sign of cervical cancer? Pain Asymptomatic Heavy, frequent vaginal bleeding Dark, foul-smelling vaginal discharge
Asymptomatic
A patient is being discharged from the hospital after having a hysterectomy for a malignant uterine growth performed vaginally or via an incision. What instruction should the nurse give to the patient for rehabilitation? Select all that apply. Avoid dancing for several months. Avoid swimming for several months. Avoid lifting heavy weights for two months. Avoid sex for six days after the wound has healed. Avoid sex for six weeks after the wound has healed.
Avoid dancing for several months. Avoid lifting heavy weights for two months. Dancing has to be avoided for several months because it increases pelvic congestion. Heavy lifting should be avoided for two months. There is no need to avoid swimming for several months because it is both physically and mentally helpful. Sexual intercourse is not contraindicated once healing is completed. pp. 1260
The nurse is educating a patient about decreasing the risk of developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT). What should the nurse be sure to include when discussing this with the patient? Select all that apply Perform leg exercises Change position frequently Maintain high-Fowler's position Avoid pressure under the knees Massage legs when they get stiff in bed
Avoid pressure under the knees The high Fowler's position causes stasis and pooling of blood, which leads to deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Therefore avoid the high-Fowler's position to minimize pooling of blood. Leg exercise promotes circulation in post hysterectomy patients. Massaging of the legs is contraindicated since it may dislodge a clot that is present. Avoidance of pressure under the knees will minimize pooling and stasis of blood. p. 1260
A patient has a speculum examination that reveals bright cherry-red pedunculated lesions on the cervix. Which condition is associated with these assessment findings? Leiomyomas Cervical cancer Cervical polyps Endometrial cancer
Cervical polyps Polyps are growths that appear on the cervix at the opening into the vagina. Cervical polyps are pedunculated lesions that are bright and cherry-red, and are soft and fragile in consistency. Cervical polyps are diagnosed by speculum examination. Leiomyomas, or uterine fibroids, are benign smooth muscle tumors that occur in the uterus. Cervical cancer is a cancer developing from the cervix and is diagnosed by a Papanicolaou (Pap) test. Endometrial cancer arises from the lining of the endometrium; the CA-125 test is used in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. p. 1255
A patient reports abdominal pain, urinary urgency, and difficulty eating, and has a positive CA-125 tumor test. Which medications does the nurse anticipate administering? Cisplatin and paclitaxel Docetaxel and metformin Carboplatin and tamoxifen Altretamine and progesterone HT
Cisplatin and paclitaxel Abdominal pain, urinary urgency, and difficulty eating along with a positive CA-125 tumor test indicate ovarian cancer. Cisplatin and paclitaxel reduce the effects of ovarian cancer. Docetaxel is used in the treatment of ovarian cancer, and metformin reduces hyperinsulinemia in patients with leiomyomas. Carboplatin is beneficial in patients with ovarian cancer, and tamoxifen is used in the treatment of endometrial cancer. Altretamine is used in the treatment of recurrent ovarian disease, and progesterone HT is used in the treatment of endometrial cancer. p. 1259
A patient is diagnosed with stage III cervical cancer. Which is the most beneficial treatment that the nurse anticipates to be prepared for the patient? Cryosurgery Cervical conization Radical hysterectomy Cisplatin-based chemotherapy
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy Stage III cervical cancer extends to the pelvic wall and lower third of the vagina. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is used in the treatment of stage III cervical cancer. Cryosurgery and cervical conization are used in the treatment of stage I cervical cancer. Radical hysterectomy is used in the treatment of stage I cervical cancer.
A patient is diagnosed with cancer that has spread beyond the cervix. For which type of therapy should the nurse prepare the patient? Cautery Cryosurgery Cisplatin-based chemotherapy Tamoxifen and progesterone therapy
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is used in patients whose cancer has spread beyond the cervix. Cautery is used to destroy abnormal tissue in patients with cervical cancer. Cisplatin cross-links with purine bases on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and interferes with DNA repair mechanisms. Cryosurgery is also used to destroy abnormal tissue in patients with cervical cancer. Tamoxifen and progesterone therapy is used in the treatment of endometrial cancer and breast cancer. p. 1257
Upon assessment, the nurse suspects a patient on a medication therapy for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may be pregnant. Which medication does the nurse determine may have contributed to the pregnancy? Cervarix Flutamide Leuprolide Clomiphene
Clomiphene is a nonsteroidal triphenylethylene derivative that induces ovulation. It binds to the hypothalamic estrogen receptors and inhibits them, stimulating increased secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, which then induces ovarian follicular activity. Cervarix is a vaccine used for the treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Flutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen medication, which is used in the treatment of hyperandrogenism. Leuprolide is a GnRH agonist that is used preoperatively in patients with leiomyomas to shrink a tumor. p. 1255
The nurse finds that a patient reporting infertility has polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that has been left untreated. About which complications does the nurse anticipate educating the patient? Select all that apply. Leukorrhea Cervical stenosis Diabetes mellitus Cardiovascular disease Hematogenous metastases
Diabetes mellitus Cardiovascular disease PCOS is a chronic disorder in which cysts form on the ovaries. PCOS, if left untreated, may lead to abnormal insulin resistance resulting in type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Leukorrhea is observed in patients with cervical cancer. Cervical stenosis is a complication that occurs after a loop electrosurgery excision procedure. Hematogenous metastases develop in patients with endometrial cancer. p. 1255
The nurse is preparing to provide teaching to a patient who has been diagnosed with endometrial cancer. Which information does the nurse include in the teaching plan? Metastasis is very rare. Pain occurs at the early stages of the disease. Endometrial cancer can be cured with partial hysterectomy. During distant metastasis, the lungs, bones, and brain are involved.
During distant metastasis, the lungs, bones, and brain are involved. When distant metastasis occurs with endometrial cancer, the areas most commonly involved include the lungs, bones, brain, liver, and vagina. Metastatic spread to the pelvic and the paraaortic nodes is common. Pain occurs in the late stages as the endometrial cancer progresses. Treatment of endometrial cancer involves a total hysterectomy along with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with lymph node biopsies. p. 1257
Which condition does the nurse suspect in a patient with a history of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) who reports abnormal uterine bleeding? Leiomyomas Ovarian cancer Endometrial cancer Polycystic ovary syndrome
Endometrial cancer Abnormal uterine bleeding in a postmenopausal woman due to HNPCC indicates endometrial cancer. Leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle tumors characterized by abnormal uterine bleeding and pain. Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor of the ovaries that involves pelvic or abdominal pain, urinary urgency, bloating, and difficulty in eating. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a chronic disorder that is characterized by irregular menstrual periods, amenorrhea, hirsutism, and obesity. p. 1257
A patient with cervical cancer asks the nurse about various treatment modalities. What information should the nurse provide to this patient? Select all that apply. Hormone-based chemotherapy regimens External radiotherapy or internal radiotherapy or both Surgery or radiation, or chemotherapy as single treatments based on patient's choice Management depends on stage of the tumor, patient's age, and general state of health Surgical procedures include hysterectomy and radical hysterectomy (involving adjacent structures)
External radiotherapy or internal radiotherapy or both Management depends on stage of the tumor, patient's age, and general state of health Surgical procedures include hysterectomy and radical hysterectomy (involving adjacent structures) Radiation may be by external (for example, cobalt) or internal implants (for example, cesium, radium). Standard radiation treatment is four to six weeks of external radiation followed by one or two treatments with internal implants (brachytherapy). The treatment of cervical cancer is guided by the stage of the tumor and the patient's age and general state of health. Surgical procedures include hysterectomy, radical hysterectomy (involving adjacent structures), and, rarely, pelvic exenteration. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy, not hormone-based regimens, benefits patients with cervical cancer. Invasive cancer of the cervix is treated with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy as single treatments or in combination. p. 1257
The nurse is preparing a patient for external pelvic radiation treatment. What nursing action is essential prior to this treatment? Assessing for enteritis Having the patient empty the bladder Avoiding activities that increase pelvic congestion Applying an abdominal binder to prevent distention
Having the patient empty the bladder A patient receiving external radiation should urinate immediately before the treatment to minimize radiation exposure to the bladder. Applying an abdominal binder to prevent distention may be used for a patient who has a large ovarian cyst removed. Enteritis is a natural reaction to radiation therapy; the patient should be told that enteritis and cystitis may occur after radiation. Instructions regarding the avoidance of activities that contribute to pelvic congestion are given to a postoperative hysterectomy patient.
Along with the Papanicolaou (Pap) test, which test is used to screen for cervical cancer? CA-125 test Colposcopy Cervical biopsy Human papillomavirus (HPV) test
Human papillomavirus (HPV) test An HPV test is used to identify the high-risk HPV types 16 and 18, which are associated with cervical cancer. A CA-125 test is used in conjunction with an ultrasound and a yearly pelvic exam to screen women at high risk for ovarian cancer. A colposcopy is used in conjunction with a biopsy as a diagnostic tool, not a screening tool. p. 1257
A patient is concerned about the development of cervical cancer because her mother had it. What clinical manifestations does the nurse instruct the patient to immediately report to the primary health care provider? Bloating and difficulty in eating Leukorrhea and intermenstrual bleeding Irregular menstrual periods and amenorrhea Abnormal uterine bleeding and bladder discomfort
Leukorrhea and intermenstrual bleeding Cervical cancer is characterized by leukorrhea and intermenstrual bleeding. Bloating and difficulty in eating are physical findings of ovarian cancer. Irregular menstrual periods and amenorrhea are physical findings of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Abnormal uterine bleeding and bladder discomfort are physical findings of leiomyomas. p. 1256
A patient reports discomfort in the rectal and abdominal area and also having uterine bleeding not related to menstruation. The ultrasound reveals an enlarged uterus with nodular masses. What medication does the nurse anticipate to be administered to this patient? Cisplatin Flutamide Leuprolide Clomiphene
Leuprolide Abnormal uterine bleeding and rectal and abdominal discomfort indicate leiomyomas, which are characterized by an enlarged uterus with nodular masses. Leuprolide is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist that suppresses luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. Leuprolide is used in patients with leiomyomas to shrink the tumors. Cisplatin is used in the treatment of cervical cancer. Flutamide and clomiphene are used in the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome.
A patient with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is being treated to restore ovulation. What medication does the nurse administer to the patient? Flutamide Megestrol Metformin Clomiphene
Metformin Metformin is a glucophage, which is used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. When the insulin levels are corrected by metformin, the levels of androgens and luteinizing hormone decrease. This restores ovulation in patients with PCOS. Flutamide is an antiandrogen medication that is used in the treatment of hyperandrogenism. Megestrol is used in the treatment of endometrial cancer. Clomiphene is used in the induction of ovulation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. p. 1255
For which treatment does the nurse prepare the patient with leiomyomas whose pelvic examination reveals uterine fibroids? Select all that apply. Myomectomy Hysteroscope Laser resection instruments Uterine artery embolization Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided focused ultrasound
Myomectomy Laser resection instruments Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided focused ultrasound Myomectomy is a surgical therapy that removes fibroids from the uterus. Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths that develop in the muscular wall of the uterus. Uterine artery embolization injects small plastic or gelatin beads into the uterine artery, which are carried to the fibroid branches to destroy the fibroids. MRI-guided focused ultrasound helps in targeting and destroying uterine fibroids. Hysteroscope and laser resection instruments are used to remove small tumors. p. 1254
A patient reports back pain after a hysterectomy, and the nurse observes that urine output is less than 30 mL/hr. What is the priority intervention provided by the nurse? Administering analgesics Monitoring other signs and symptoms Notifying the primary health care provider Documenting the condition as normal observation
Notifying the primary health care provider p. 1260
A patient expresses concern over her risk factors for developing ovarian cancer since her mother and sister died from the disease. What should the nurse include when teaching about early detection of ovarian cancer? Report any pelvic or vaginal bleeding soon Use estrogen with progestin for menopause Obtain annual bimanual pelvic examinations Receive a preventive bilateral oophorectomy
Obtain annual bimanual pelvic examinations Because it is difficult for a patient to detect early clinical indicators of ovarian cancer, the best method of early detection is to have a yearly bimanual pelvic examination to palpate for an ovarian mass. Although pelvic or vaginal bleeding should be reported soon after it occurs, this rarely occurs with ovarian cancer and is not an early symptom. Oral contraceptives may be used or a preventive bilateral oophorectomy may be done to reduce the risk, but they would not be done to detect early ovarian cancer. p. 1258
Which is the most common noninvasive modality of treatment for a leiomyoma? Hysterectomy Oophorectomy Radiation therapy Oral contraceptive pill (OCP)
Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) The most common noninvasive is the use of OCPs to slow a leiomyoma's growth as well as to manage abnormal uterine bleeding. A hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus, and an oophorectomy is the removal of the ovary; these procedures are considered invasive. Radiation therapy is reserved for cancer treatment. p. 1254
A patient reports to the nurse that they have feelings of "being full quickly", weight gain, menstrual changes. The nurse assesses an increase in abdominal girth from a previous visit last month. What does the nurse infer from these findings? Vulvar cancer Cervical cancer Ovarian cancer Endometrial cancer
Ovarian Cancer Abdominal girth is the measurement of the distance around the abdomen at a specific point. Feeling full quickly, weight gain, menstrual changes, and increased abdominal girth indicate ovarian cancer. Vulvar cancer is characterized by vulvar bleeding, discharge, burning, and pain. Cervical cancer is characterized by leukorrhea and intermenstrual bleeding. Endometrial cancer involves abnormal uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women. p. 1258
What is the term for multiple small ovarian follicles that are produced as a result of ovulatory dysfunction? Ovarian cysts Ovarian cancer Cervical polyps Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) PCOS is a disorder that includes ovulatory dysfunction, polycystic ovaries, and hyperandrogenism; it causes multiple small ovarian follicles. Ovarian cysts are usually soft and surrounded by a thin capsule. Follicle and corpus luteum cysts are common ovarian cysts. Cervical polyps are benign pedunculated lesions that generally arise from endocervical mucosa. These polyps protrude through the cervical os during a speculum examination. Ovarian cancer is a malignant condition of the ovaries. p. 1255
A patient reports the absence of menstruation, abnormal growth of hair of the body, weight gain, and infertility problems. What does the nurse infer from these clinical manifestations? Leiomyomas Cervical polyps Cervical cancer Polycystic ovary syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome The absence of menstruation, abnormal hair growth on the body, and obesity resulting in infertility indicate polycystic ovary syndrome. Leiomyomas are benign smooth-muscle tumors of the uterus, which involve abnormal uterine bleeding, pain, rectal, bladder, and lower abdominal discomfort. Cervical polyps are benign pedunculated lesions that are characterized by metrorrhagia and bleeding. Cervical cancer is characterized by leukorrhea and intermenstrual bleeding. p. 1255
A patient diagnosed with leiomyomas asks the nurse why she is having discomfort in the lower abdominal area. What is the best response by the nurse? There is twisting of the tumor pedicle. There is a lack of blood flow to the lower abdomen. Blood vessels are being compressed by the tumors. There is pressure on surrounding organs from the leiomyomas.
Pressure on surrounding organs results in lower abdominal discomfort in patients with leiomyomas. Devascularization, blood vessel compression, and twisting of the tumor onto its pedicle cause pain in patients with leiomyomas. p. 1254
The nurse is caring for a patient who is postoperative after undergoing a vulvectomy. What is the priority nursing action to prevent wound contamination? Administering analgesics Using indwelling catheter Providing low residue diet Administering anticoagulants
Providing a low-residue diet and stool softeners will help to prevent wound contamination and straining. Administering analgesics will reduce pain in the postvulvectomy patient. Use of an indwelling catheter will provide urinary drainage. Administering anticoagulants will prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in postvulvectomy patients. p. 1261
The nurse is performing an educational session for a group of women regarding cervical cancer. Which risk factors for cervical cancer should the nurse include in the presentation? Select all that apply. Infertility Smoking Dysmenorrhea Caucasian race Chlamydia infection Low socioeconomic class
Smoking Chlamydia infection Low socioeconomic class Chlamydia, smoking, and low socioeconomic class are considered risk factors for cervical cancer. Infertility and dysmenorrhea are not identified risk factors. Hispanic, African American, and Native American women are at a higher risk than Caucasian women for developing cervical cancer. p. 1256
The nurse is educating a group of adolescent girls about cervical cancer. What should the nurse include in the discussion? Select all that apply. Smoking is a risk factor for cervical cancer. Limiting sexual activity is recommended during adolescence. Taking oral contraceptive pills lowers the risk of cervical cancer. Doing regular Pap tests is important to screen for cervical cancer. Using condoms provides protection if they have multiple sexual partners.
Smoking is a risk factor for cervical cancer. Limiting sexual activity is recommended during adolescence. Doing regular Pap tests is important to screen for cervical cancer.
A patient diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is experiencing hirsutism. About which medication does the nurse anticipate educating the patient? Flutamide Leuprolide Clomiphene Spironolactone
Spironolactone is used for the treatment of hirsutism in a patient diagnosed with PCOS. Flutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen used to treat hyperandrogenism. Clomiphene induces ovulation to treat infertility. Leuprolide is a GnRH agonist used to treat hyperandrogenism. p. 1255
A patient with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer states to the nurse, "I don't understand how the cancer spread so fast." What is the best response by the nurse? Ovarian cancer is symptom free. The ovaries are highly vascular organs. Cell division in ovarian cancer is rapid and uninhibited. The pelvic lymphatics and blood vessels are intermingled.
The pelvic lymphatics and blood vessels are intermingled. Intermingling of the pelvic lymphatics and blood vessels is a significant factor in the potential for the spread, or metastasis, of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer is symptom free in the early stages and the ovaries are highly vascular organs, but neither is the primary reason for metastasis. Cell division in ovarian cancer is not necessarily rapid and uninhibited. p. 1258
A patient has been scheduled to receive external radiotherapy of the bladder. What instruction should the nurse give to this patient? Urinate before the treatment is initiated. Tell visitors to stay six feet away from the bed and not to visit as often. Drink adequate water so that the bladder is full before initiating therapy. Consult the primary health care provider if symptoms of enteritis or cystitis occur.
Urinate before the treatment is initiated. Immediately before initiating the radiotherapy, the patient has to urinate so that radiation exposure of the bladder is reduced. If the bladder is full, radiation exposure of the bladder increases. Cystitis and enteritis are normal side effects of radiotherapy, and these do not indicate overdose of radiation. A nurse has to train the patient regarding the measures that can reduce this impact. There is no need to instruct visitors to stay six feet away from the bed and to reduce the number of visits in cases of external radiotherapy; these are precautions to be followed for internal radiotherapy. p. 1261
The nurse is caring for a patient who has had a hysterectomy. Which nursing action is useful in preventing strain on the suture line? Ambulating the patient Using a indwelling catheter Restricting foods and fluids Avoiding the high-Fowler's position
Using a indwelling catheter Using an indwelling catheter one to two days after the surgery will help to prevent strain on the suture line and maintain constant drainage of the bladder. Ambulating the patient will help to relieve abdominal flatus. Restricting foods and fluids will help to prevent nausea. Avoiding the high-Fowler's position will help to minimize stasis and pooling of blood. p. 1261
A patient newly diagnosed with leiomyomas becomes very anxious regarding the diagnosis. What information should the nurse give to this patient to alleviate anxiety? Select all that apply. Uterine fibroids may result in abortion or infertility. Uterine fibroids are benign tumors with a good prognosis. Uterine fibroids are slow-growing malignant tumors with a good prognosis. Uterine fibroids are benign tumors but may undergo malignant transformation. Uterine fibroids are slow-growing benign tumors that undergo atrophy after menopause.
Uterine fibroids may result in abortion or infertility. Uterine fibroids are benign tumors with a good prognosis. Uterine fibroids are slow-growing benign tumors that undergo atrophy after menopause. Leiomyomas (uterine fibroids) are sometimes associated with miscarriage and infertility. Leiomyomas are benign tumors with a good prognosis. Leiomyomas depend on ovarian hormones because they grow slowly during their productive years and undergo atrophy after menopause. Leiomyomas are benign smooth-muscle tumors that occur within the uterus. They are not malignant tumors. This tumor does not undergo malignant transformation. p. 1254
A young woman with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is on clomiphene therapy. Which is the rationale for use of this medication in this patient? Manage insulin resistance Induce ovulation Manage weight gain Reduce cardiovascular risk
induce ovulation Clomiphene (Clomid) is a fertility drug. Clomiphene can be used in women with PCOS who wish to become pregnant, as a means of inducing ovulation. Metformin is typically the drug of choice for management of insulin resistance in PCOS. Weight control and cardiovascular risk management are typically non-pharmacologic, including proper diet, exercise, stress management, and routine checkups. p. 1255
