FHSU 2021 Graduate Seminar Study Guide

What are the six branches of Philosophy?

1. Metaphysics: nature of things 2. Epistemology: study of knowledge 3. Ethics: study of right actions 4. Aesthetics: study of beauty 5. Logic: study of reasoning 6. Axiology: study of value

What is the formula for max heart rate?

220 - age = HRmax

Using the percentage proximations for the normal curve, the percentage of scores between the mean and one standard deviation below the mean is ____________%

34%

What is a motor unit?

A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

What is an outlier?

A value in a data set that is much less or much greater than the rest of the data. Skews the means and variances.

This data gathering tool requires a computer program using direct linear transformation to relate X, Y, and Z coordinates of known markers to the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the performer's body. a. 3D videography b. Electromyography c. 2D videography d. Dynamometer

A. 3D videography

When we say that research is empirical, we mean that the researcher a. Collects data on which to base decisions b. Solves the problems through rationalization c. Controls all extraneous variables d. Finds positive support for the research hypothesis

A. Collects data on which to base decisions

The property of a distribution of scores that relates to how peaked or flat the curve is called a. Kurtosis b. Robustness c. Dispersion d. Skewness

A. Kurtosis

Which of the following is the correct unit of torque? a. Nm b. N/s c. NS d. Kgm

A. Nm

In a chi-square test, the variables are a. Nominal b. Rank-order c. Equal-interval d. Quantitative

A. Nominal

In a 2x2 analysis of variance, the basis for estimating the numerator of the F ratio for the column effects is a. The variance between the two column marginal means b. The variance among the four cell means c. The variance between the two row marginal means d. The variance between the means of the two diagonals

A. The variance between the two column marginal means

In 1972, which Education Amendment did the U.S. Congress pass that sparked the increase in female participation in sport? a. Title IX b. ADA c. IEP d. Title XI

A. Title IX

A rejection of the null hypothesis when it is true a. Type I error b. Type II error c. Level of Occurrence Error

A. Type I error

1. Which dualistic view asserts the mind controls the body? a. Substance dualism b. Behavior dualism c. Value dualism

B. Behavior dualism = mind controls body (Value dualism = mind is more important than body; Substance dualism = views person as 2 real, separate substances known as mind and body)

Which scenario is bone strongest in resisting? a. Shear force b. Compression force c. Tension force

B. Compression force

The cardinal frontal plane divides the body into equal... a. Right and left halves b. Front and back halves c. Top and bottom halves d. Medial and lateral halves

B. Front and back halves

The extent to which the results of a study can be attributed to the treatment used in the study is the definition of what kind of validity. a. Criterion b. Internal c. Content d. External

B. Internal

In a two-way factorial design, there can be a. One interaction and one main effect b. One interaction and two main effects c. Two interactions and one main effect d. Two interactions and two main effects

B. One interaction and two main effects

The main difference between a Z score and a t score is that a. T scores are used when a study is analyzed with a one-tailed test b. T scores are used when the population variance is unknown c. T scores are used only when the sample size is greater than 30 d. T scores are used only when inferences are made about other samples

B. T scores are used when the population variance is unknown

If ANOVA has found a significant difference among four treatment groups, a follow-up test such as the Scheffé is needed to determine a. Whether the F ratio is significantly different from chance b. Which of the groups differ significantly from the others c. The percentage of variance accounted for by the treatments

B. Which of the groups differ significantly from the others

Tom Brown's Schooldays influenced the formation of what youth program? a. Young Life b. YMCA c. Boys and Girls Club d. Boy Scouts

B. YMCA

The ability to control equilibrium defines what?

Balance

For a predicted score of 30 and a standard error of estimate of 6, the chances are 95 out of 100 that the true score will be between a. 30 and 36 b. 24 and 36 c. 18 and 42 d. 12 and 48

C. 18 and 42 (Using the normal curve, 95% of the scores would fall between the +/- 2 standard deviations (6))

Which of the following factors provides stability at the elbow? a. The articulating bones b. Ligaments c. Both the articulating bones and the ligaments d. None of the above provide stability to the elbow

C. Both the articulating bones and the ligaments

Which of the following does NOT increase stability? a. Lower the COG b. Increase size of base of support c. Decrease mass d. Increase friction

C. Decrease mass

René Descartes held this type of view, which believed there was an absolute division between bodies and minds; work and play. a. Holistic b. Existentialist c. Dualistic d. Scientism

C. Dualistic

A researcher decides to use an alpha of .01 and a power of .80. To determine the needed sample size the researcher must ascertain the expected a. Beta b. Stem-and-leaf distribution c. Effect size d. Skewness

C. Effect size

Under what conditions can the possibility that Y causes X be ruled out when two variables, X and Y, are strongly correlated? a. If the correlation is positive b. If the correlation is negative c. If X occurs before Y d. If Y occurs before X

C. If X occurs before Y

Which breed of sport claims to reject mainstream ideas and promote alternative ways of understanding and doing sport? a. Dance b. Martial Arts c. Lifestyle d. Wrestling

C. Lifestyle

Based on the scores 1, 9, 3, 6, 1, 2, 6, 2, 2, and 8, a score of 4 is the a. Mode b. Median c. Mean d. Standard Deviation

C. Mean

Effect size is one of the two major factors that contribute to power; the other factor is a. The sample's standard deviation b. The minimum meaningful difference c. The sample size d. The mean of the known population

C. Sample size

What part of the body detects changes in temperature and relays that information to the brain? a. Hypothalamus b. Skin arterioles c. Thermoreceptor d. Endocrine glands

C. Thermoreceptors A thermoreceptor is a sensory receptor or, more accurately, the receptive portion of a sensory neuron that codes absolute and relative changes in temperature, primarily within the innocuous range

The correct order of post-hoc comparison procedures following an analysis of variance from the least conservative to the most conservative is a. Bonferroni, Scheffé, Tukey b. Scheffé, Tukey, Bonferroni c. Tukey, Scheffé, Bonferroni d. Bonferroni, Tukey, Scheffé

C. Tukey, Scheffé, Bonferroni

What brings deoxygenated blood into the heart? a. Aorta b. Pulmonary Vein c. Vena Cava d. Left Ventricle

C. Vena Cava (superior and inferior)

Which type of fluid resistance is likely to be greatest on a swimmer in the ocean at a fast speed? a. Skin friction b. Profile drag c. Wave drag d. None of the above are correct

C. Wave drag

To calculate L for a correlation of two sets of ranked scores, the degrees of freedom (N-1) are multiplied by a. t square b. s square c. r square d. chi square

C. r squared L is used as the nonparametric test statistic L = (N-1)r^2 N = # of participants r^2 = proportion of true variance = SS regression/ SS total

What is a force couple?

Created by both equal forces on opposite sides of an axis and by forces acting in the same angular direction

For scores from a test to have good content validity, the following statement(s) must be true: a. The test is highly correlated with the final grade in the course. b. The test adequately samples what was covered in the course. c. The percentage of points for each topic area reflects the amount of emphasis given that topic d. B and C only e. A, B, and C

D. (b)The test adequately samples what was covered in the course, and (c) the percentage of points for each topic area reflects the amount of emphasis given that topic

Which of the following shaped the early human sporting contests and physical activity (Origins of Sport)? a. Hunting b. Warfare c. Religion d. All of the above

D. All of the above

When a person's score on one variable is used to make predictions about a person's score on another variable, the procedure is called a. A correlation b. Hypothesis testing c. Multicollinearity d. Bivariate prediction

D. Bivariate prediction

Of the following, which is a nonparametric statistical test? a. Discriminant analysis b. Dependent t test c. Covariance d. Contingency coefficient

D. Contingency coefficient

Which of the following is not a mineral? a. Iron b. Calcium c. Sodium d. Folate

D. Folate (part of the B-vitamins)

Among the thinkers of the scientific revolution, who should be considered the father of environmental psychology and articulated the idea that sport, exercise, and recreation serve as the starting point for making good citizens for modern societies? a. Francis Bacon b. René Descartes c. John Calvin d. John Locke

D. John Locke

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of Allen Guttman's Model of Modern Sport? a. Secularism b. Equality c. Specialization d. Sacred e. All are characteristics

D. Sacred

Which of the following is a nonparametric test? a. ANOVA b. T test for dependent means c. T test for independent means d. Spearman's rho

D. Spearman's rho

In a two-way analysis of variance, the degrees of freedom for each main effect are a. The number of cells minus the number of variables b. The number of variables minus the total scores within the column or row c. The total number of scores in that row or column minus 2 d. The number of levels of the variable minus 1

D. The number of levels of the variable minus 1

If the research fails to reject the null hypothesis when there really is a difference, this is an example of a a. One-tailed test b. Two-tailed test c. Type I error d. Type II error

D. Type II error Type I = rejects the null when it is actually true

In _____________ action, the muscle elongates while under tension, due to an opposing force (such as a weight) being greater than the force generated by the muscle. a. Isokinetic b. Eccentric c. Isometric d. Plyometric

Eccentric

True or False: Eastern and Western forms of sport served different purposes but they both carried the same values and meanings related to winning.

False

True or False: Slow-twitch muscle fibers are best suited for anaerobic glycolysis

False

True or False: The null hypothesis should always state that the treatment being test will have significant changes on the study.

False

True or False: Eccentric contraction involves shortening of the muscle

False. Eccentric = lengthening; Concentric = shortening

True or False: Exotelic is the idea that movement and exercise was for fun.

False. Exotelic is a duty, obligation, prudent, not fun. Autotelic is satisfaction in doing

True or False: In a 3x4 contingency table, there are two levels of one variable and three levels of the other

False: 3 levels of one, and 4 levels of the other

Spinal relaxation phenomenon explains what?

Inactivity of spinal extensors during full flexion

A teacher wishes to determine the reliability of three trials on a performance test. He uses ANOVA to obtain the reliability coefficient. This technique is called:

Intraclass correlation

____________________ is the change in position (displacement) that occurs during a given period of time.

Linear velocity

Which force is created by both a spin on a ball and a pressure differential?

Magnus Force

________ is the statistical measure of central tendency that is the most frequent occurring score of a group

Mean

Does the research hypothesis or the null hypothesis show no difference between the treatment and the control group?

Null hypothesis

1. Match the following founders of the Enlightenment with their philosophical beliefs a. Plato 1. Method of using question and answers; inquiry b. Socrates 2. Developed virtue ethics c. Aristotle 3. Developed truth as "justified true belief"

Plato = 3. Justified truth Socrates = 1. Inquiry Q&A Aristotle = 2. Virtue Ethics (Chronological order of philosophies: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle)

Illusory correlations are caused by incorrect theories based on _____________.

Prejudices

Journal articles, original studies, and first-hand sources are examples of _________ sources.

Primary sources

What are the two research methods?

Qualitative and Quantitative

If a thermometer measured the temperature in an oven as 400 degrees F five days in a row when the temperature was actually 337 degrees F, this measuring instrument would be considered

Reliable but not valid

In spite of ______________, an absolute level playing field never was, and never will be, a reality.

Rules / Rulebooks

True or False: Convection is the transferring of heat by motion of a gas or liquid across the heated surface.

True

True or False: Perfect fairness in sport is an ideal that will never be fully realized.

True

True or False: Utilitarian thinking could justify telling a lie or even killing an innocent person if the result produced the greatest balance of good over evil.

True

True or False: Power is defined as the rate at which work is performed

True. Power = work/time Power = (force x displacement)/time Power = force x (displacement/time) = force x velocity

Scapulohumeral rhythm involves _______________ of the scapula and _________ of the humerus.

Upward rotation, abduction

The mean of a distribution of differences between means is equal to _______.

Zero

Per 100mL of blood, how much hemoglobin does an average woman have? a. 22-25g b. 18-21g c. 12-16g d. 10-14g

c. 12-16g