FIN 3716 CH 8
Year Cash Flow 0 -12,000 1 3000 2 3000 3 3000 4 3000 Given the cash flows in the table above, the point at which the NPV profile crosses the vertical axis is ________. A) $0 B) $12,000 C) 23% D) 19%
A) $0
A firm has an opportunity to invest $95,000 today that will yield $109,250 in one year. If interest rates are 4%, what is the net present value (NPV) of this investment? A) $10,048 B) $11,053 C) $16,077 D) $14,250
A) $10,048
The Sisyphean Company is planning on investing in a new project. This will involve the purchase of some new machinery costing $420,000. The Sisyphean Company expects cash inflows from this project as detailed below: Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 $200,000 $225,000 $275,000 $200,000 The appropriate discount rate for this project is 16%. The net present value (NPV) for this project is closest to ________. A) $206,265 B) $144,385 C) $515,661 D) $216,578
A) $206,265
An auto-parts company is deciding whether to sponsor a racing team for a cost of $1 million. The sponsorship would last for three years and is expected to increase cash flows by $570,000 per year. If the discount rate is 6.9%, what will be the change in the value of the company if it chooses to go ahead with the sponsorship? A) $498,597 B) $747,896 C) $797,756 D) $847,615
A) $498,597
A car dealership offers a car for $14,000, with up to one year to pay for the car. If the interest rate is 5%, what is the net present value (NPV) of this offer to buyers who elect not to pay for the car for one year? A) $667 B) $1333 C) $13,333 D) $14,000
A) $667
A manufacturer of video games develops a new game over two years. This costs $830,000 per year with one payment made immediately and the other at the end of two years. When the game is released, it is expected to make $1.20 million per year for three years after that. What is the net present value (NPV) of this decision if the cost of capital is 10%? A) $950,349 B) $1,045,384 C) $1,520,559 D) $1,805,663
A) $950,349
An orcharder spends $110,000 to plant pomegranate bushes. It will take four years for the bushes to provide a usable crop. He estimates that every year for 20 years after that he will receive a crop worth $10,500 per year. If the discount rate is 9%, what is the net present value (NPV) of this investment? A) -$42,098 B) -$21,049 C) $8420 D) $12,629
A) -$42,098
0 1 2 3 Investment B: -$1 million $550,000 $400,000 $325,000 The timeline of an investment is shown above. If the cost of capital is 8%, what is the profitability index of this investment? A) 0.110 B) 0.121 C) 0.275 D) 0.441
A) 0.110
Consider the following two projects: Project Year 0 Cash Flow Year 1 Cash Flow Year 2 Cash Flow Year 3 Cash Flow Year 4 Cash Flow Discount Rate A -100 40 50 60 N/A 0.13 B -73 30 30 30 30 0.13 The profitability index for project A is closest to ________. A) 0.16 B) 32.28 C) 0.24 D) 16.14
A) 0.16
Consider a project with the following cash flows: Year Cash Flow 0 -8000 1 3200 2 3200 3 3200 4 3200 Assume the appropriate discount rate for this project is 14%. The profitability index for this project is closest to ________. A) 0.17 B) 0.25 C) 0.66 D) 0.18
A) 0.17
Consider the following two projects: Project Year 0 Cash Flow Year 1 Cash Flow Year 2 Cash Flow Year 3 Cash Flow Year 4 Cash Flow Discount Rate A -100 40 50 60 N/A 0.11 B -73 30 30 30 30 0.11 The net present value (NPV) of project A is closest to ________. A) 20.5 B) 22.5 C) 25.6 D) 51.2
A) 20.5
Consider the following two projects: Project Year 0 Cash Flow Year 1 Cash Flow Year 2 Cash Flow Year 3 Cash Flow Year 4 Cash Flow Discount Rate A -100 40 50 60 N/A 0.17 B -73 30 30 30 30 0.17 The net present value (NPV) of project B is closest to ________. A) 9.3 B) 10.2 C) 11.6 D) 23.2
A) 9.3
Assuming that your capital is constrained, so that you only have $600,000 available to invest in projects, which project should you invest in and in what order? A) CBFH B) CBGF C) BCFG D) CBFG
A) CBFH
Project A Project B Time 0 -10,000 -10,000 Time 1 5,000 4,000 Time 2 4,000 3,000 Time 3 3,000 10,000 If WiseGuy Inc. uses payback period rule to choose projects, which of the projects (Project A or Project B) will rank highest? A) Project A B) Project B C) Project A and Project B have the same ranking. D) Cannot calculate a payback period without a discount rate.
A) Project A
Assuming that your capital is constrained, which project should you invest in first? A) Project C B) Project G C) Project B D) Project F
A) Project C
Assuming that your capital is constrained, what is the fifth project that you should invest in? A) Project H B) Project I C) Project B D) Project A
A) Project H
Mary is in contract negotiations with a publishing house for her new novel. She has two options. She may be paid $100,000 up front, and receive royalties that are expected to total $26,000 at the end of each of the next five years. Alternatively, she can receive $200,000 up front and no royalties. Which of the following investment rules would indicate that she should take the former deal, given a discount rate of 8%? Rule I: The Net Present Value rule Rule II: The Payback Rule with a payback period of two years Rule III: The internal rate of return (IRR) Rule A) Rule I only B) Rule III only C) Rule II and III D) Rule I and II
A) Rule I only
Which of the following best describes the Net Present Value rule? A) Take any investment opportunity where the net present value (NPV) is not negative; turn down any opportunity when it is negative. B) Take any investment opportunity where the net present value (NPV) exceeds the opportunity cost of capital; turn down any opportunity where the cost of capital exceeds the net present value (NPV) C) When choosing among any list of investment opportunities where resources are limited, always choose those projects with the highest net present value (NPV). D) If the difference between the present cost of an investment and the present value (PV) of its benefits after a fixed number of years is positive the investment should be taken, otherwise it should be rejected.
A) Take any investment opportunity where the net present value (NPV) is not negative; turn down any opportunity when it is negative.
A lottery winner can take $6 million now or be paid $600,000 at the end of each of the next 16 years. The winner calculates the internal rate of return (IRR) of taking the money at the end of each year and, estimating that the discount rate across this period will be 4%, decides to take the money at the end of each year. Was her decision correct? A) Yes, because it agrees with the Net Present Value rule. B) Yes, because it agrees with the payback rule. C) Yes, because it agrees with both the Net Present Value rule and the payback rule. D) Yes, because it disagrees with the Net Present Value rule.
A) Yes, because it agrees with the Net Present Value rule
Consider the following two projects: Project Year 0 Cash Flow Year 1 Cash Flow Year 2 Cash Flow Year 3 Cash Flow Year 4 Cash Flow Discount Rate A -100 40 50 60 N/A 0.11 B -73 30 30 30 30 0.11 Assume that projects A and B are mutually exclusive. The correct investment decision and the best rationale for that decision is to ________. A) invest in project A, since NPVB < NPVA B) invest in project B, since IRRB > IRRA C) invest in project B, since NPVB > NPVA D) invest in project A, since NPVA > 0
A) invest in project A, since NPVB < NPVA
You are trying to decide between three mutually exclusive investment opportunities. The most appropriate tool for identifying the correct decision is ________. A) net present value (NPV) B) profitability index C) internal rate of return (IRR) D) incremental internal rate of return (IRR)
A) net present value (NPV)
Project Investment NPV A $135,000 $6,000 B 200,000 30,000 C 125,000 20,000 D 150,000 2,000 E 175,000 10,000 F 75,000 10,000 G 80,000 9,000 H 200,000 20,000 I 50,000 4,000 15) Assuming that your capital is constrained, which investment tool should you use to determine the correct investment decisions? A) profitability Index B) incremental IRR C) net present value (NPV) D) internal rate of return (IRR)
A) profitability Index
The present value (PV) of an investment is ________. A) the amount that an investment would yield if the benefit were realized today B) the difference between the cost of the investment and the benefit of the investment in dollars today C) the amount you need to invest at the current interest rate to re-create the cash flow from the investment D) the amount by which the cash flow of an investment exceeds or falls short of the cash flow generated by the same amount of money invested at market rate
A) the amount that an investment would yield if the benefit were realized today
What can you comment about the shape of the net present value (NPV) profile of a multiple IRR project?
Answer: A multiple IRR project will have a net present value (NPV) profile that cuts the discount rate axis as many times as there are IRRs because the point of intersections of the discount rate axis by the net present value (NPV) profile curve are the IRRs of the project.
What is a safe method to use when confronted with mutually exclusive projects?
Answer: Generally the net present value (NPV) method will give the correct decision in case of mutually exclusive projects.
Is there a unique way for calculating the MIRR to resolve the multiple IRR situation?
Answer: No there are several ways of computing the MIRR and each of them are subject to their respective assumptions.
Should personal preferences for cash today versus cash tomorrow play a role in the net present value (NPV) decision-making process?
Answer: No; personal preferences for cash flow should not affect the decision-making process. A manager should decide based on always maximizing the net present value (NPV).
What are some potential problems in using internal rate of return (IRR) for mutually exclusive projects?
Answer: One has to be careful when evaluating mutually exclusive projects especially using internal rate of return (IRR) as they may lead to incorrect decision making.
What is the Net Present Value rule?
Answer: The Net Present Value rule states to accept a project if its net present value (NPV) is greater than zero.
What is the decision criteria using internal rate of return (IRR) rule?
Answer: The decision criteria using internal rate of return (IRR) rule for project type cash flows is to accept projects if the internal rate of return (IRR) is greater than the cost of capital.
What is the decision criterion using the Net Present Value rule?
Answer: The decision criteria using the Net Present Value rule is to reject projects if their net present value (NPV) is less than zero.
Under what situation can the net present value (NPV) profile be upward sloping?
Answer: The net present value (NPV) profile can be upward sloping if the benefits of the cash flows occur before the costs. In that case the net present value (NPV) profile will be a rising function of discount rates.
What is the general shape of the net present value (NPV) profile?
Answer: The net present value (NPV) profile for most projects is a downward sloping graph cutting the x-axis at the project internal rate of return (IRR).
What is the decision criterion while using the payback rule?
Answer: The payback rule does not have any decision criteria. Consequently, decision making using payback rule is rather subjective.
How can you calculate the y-intercept of a net present value (NPV) profile without using TVM concepts?
Answer: The y-intercept of a net present value (NPV) profile is the algebraic sum of the project cash flows, since the discount rate is zero at that point.
How do you apply the Net Present Value rule when multiple projects are available and you have the added constraint of accepting only one project?
Answer: When making an investment decision under the availability of multiple projects, take the alternative with the highest net present value (NPV).
A consultancy calculates that it can supply crude oil assaying services to a small oil producer for $115,000 per year for five years. There are some upfront costs the consultancy will require the oil producer to absorb. What is the maximum that these upfront costs could be, if the equivalent annual annuity to the oil company is to be under $160,000, given that the cost of capital is 9%? A) $45,000 B) $175,034 C) $201,289 D) $160,000
B) $175,034
An investor is considering a project that will generate $900,000 per year for four years. In addition to upfront costs, at the completion of the project at the end of the fifth year there will be shut-down costs of $400,000. If the cost of capital is 4.4%, based on the MIRR, at what upfront costs does this project cease to be worthwhile? A) $2.62 million B) $2.91 million C) $3.21 million D) $3.50 million
B) $2.91 million
Consider the following two projects: Project Year 0 C/F Year 1 C/F Year 2 C/F Year 3 C/F Year 4 C/F Year 5 C/F Year 6 C/F Year 7 C/F Discount Rate Alpha -79 20 25 30 35 40 N/A N/A 12% Beta -80 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 13% The net present value (NPV) for project alpha is closest to ________. A) $31.35 B) $25.08 C) $37.62 D) $21.32
B) $25.08
Assume that your capital is constrained, so that you only have $500,000 available to invest in projects. If you invest in the optimal combination of projects given your capital constraint, then the total net present value (NPV) for all the projects you invest in will be closest to ________. A) $111,000 B) $69,000 C) $80,000 D) $58,000
B) $69,000
Assume that your capital is constrained, so that you only have $600,000 available to invest in projects. If you invest in the optimal combination of projects given your capital constraint, then the total net present value (NPV) for all the projects you invest in will be closest to ________. A) $65,000 B) $80,000 C) $69,000 D) $111,000
B) $80,000
Consider a project with the following cash flows: Year Cash Flow 0 -12,000 1 5000 2 5000 3 5000 4 5000 Assume the appropriate discount rate for this project is 13%. The payback period for this project is closest to ________. A) 2.88 years B) 2.40 years C) 1.92 years D) 3.60 years
B) 2.40 years
The owner of a hair salon spends $1,000,000 to renovate its premises, estimating that this will increase her cash flow by $220,000 per year. She constructs the above graph, which shows the net present value (NPV) as a function of the discount rate. At what discount rate does her decision to renovate become untenable? A) 3.0% B) 3.3% C) 4.0% D) 4.8%
B) 3.3%
The owner of a number of gas stations is considering installing coffee machines in his gas stations. It will cost $270,000 to install the coffee machines, and they are expected to boost cash flows by $120,536 per year for their five-year working life. What must the cost of capital be if this investment has a profitability index of 1? A) 1.89% B) 3.78% C) 7.55% D) 9.44%
B) 3.78%
Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) The payback investment rule is based on the notion that an opportunity that pays back its initial investments quickly is a good idea. B) An internal rate of return (IRR) will always exist for an investment opportunity. C) A net present value (NPV) will always exist for an investment opportunity. D) In general, there can be as many internal rates of return (IRRs) as the number of times the project's cash flows change sign over time.
B) An internal rate of return (IRR) will always exist for an investment opportunity.
Department Yearly Profit Space Required (square feet) Pet $600,000 6000 Fabrics $1,000,000 7000 Book $320,000 4000 Luggage $360,000 3000 Hardware $900,000 6000 Watches $300,000 2000 Shoe Repair $30,000 1000 A small department store in a mall has the opportunity to rent an additional 20,000 square feet of space for five years. It can divide up this space between the above new departments. Each department will require a different amount of space, and each department is expected to make a yearly profit as shown, for each of the next five years. The discount rate is 10%. Based on this information, what departments should be added? A) Pet, Fabrics, Hardware, and Shoe Repair B) Fabrics, Luggage, Hardware, Watches, and Shoe Repair C) Pets, Fabrics, Books, and Luggage D) Pet, Fabrics, Luggage, Hardware, and Shoe Repair
B) Fabrics, Luggage, Hardware, Watches, and Shoe Repair
The cash flows for four investments have been identified as follows: Investment A B C D Cash Flow Today (in thousands of dollars) -8.0 -12.2 -6.0 -2.2 Cash Flow in One Year (in thousands of dollars) 9.4 14.3 7.05 2.59 Based on the above information, and with an interest rate of 5%, which is the best investment? A) Investment A B) Investment B C) Investment C D) Investment D
B) Investment B
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of the payback period rule? A) It does not account for the time value of money. B) It is difficult to calculate. C) It ignores cash flows after payback. D) It does not account for changes in the discount rate.
B) It is difficult to calculate.
The owner of a hair salon spends $1,000,000 to renovate its premises, estimating that this will increase her cash flow by $220,000 per year. She constructs the above graph, which shows the net present value (NPV) as a function of the discount rate. If her discount rate is 6%, should she accept the project? A) Yes, because the NPV is positive at that rate. B) No, because the NPV is negative at that rate. C) No, because the NPV is positive at that rate. D) Cannot be determined from the information given.
B) No, because the NPV is negative at that rate.
If WiseGuy Inc. uses IRR rule to choose projects, which of the projects (Project A or Project B) will rank highest? A) Project A B) Project B C) Project A and Project B have the same ranking. D) Cannot calculate a payback period without a discount rate.
B) Project B
Project A Project B Time 0 -10,000 -10,000 Time 1 5,000 4,000 Time 2 4,000 3,000 Time 3 3,000 10,000 If WiseGuy Inc is choosing one of the above mutually exclusive projects (Project A or Project B), given a discount rate of 7%, which should the company choose? A) Project A B) Project B C) Neither project — both have negative NPV. D) Both projects — both have positive NPV.
B) Project B
Project Capital Investment Cash Flows from Investment I $7 million $1.2 million per year in perpetuity II $12 million $1.5 million per year in perpetuity III $16 million $2.2 million per year in perpetuity IV $10 million $1.4 million per year in perpetuity A company has four projects it wishes to undertake. Which of these investments should be the lowest priority, given a discount rate of 5%? A) Project I B) Project II C) Project III D) Project IV
B) Project II
A lawn maintenance company compares two ride-on mowers—the Excelsior, which has an expected working-life of six years, and the Grassassinator, which has a working life of four years. After examining the equivalent annual annuities of each mower, the company decides to purchase the Excelsior. Which of the following, if true, would be most likely to make them change that decision? A) Fuel prices are expected to rise and raise the annual running costs of all mowers. B) The mower is only expected to be needed for three years. C) The prices of equivalent mowers are expected to grow in the future as lawnmower manufacturers consolidate. D) The number of customers requiring lawn-mowing services is expected to sharply increase in the near future.
B) The mower is only expected to be needed for three years.
Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) The payback rule is useful in cases where the cost of making an incorrect decision might not be large enough to justify the time required for calculating the net present value (NPV). B) The payback rule is reliable because it considers the time value of money and depends on the cost of capital. C) For most investment opportunities, expenses occur initially and cash is received later. D) Fifty percent of firms surveyed reported using the payback rule for making decisions.
B) The payback rule is reliable because it considers the time value of money and depends on the cost of capital.
Peter has a business opportunity that requires him to invest $10,000 today, and receive $12,000 in one year. He can either use $10,000 that he already has for this investment or borrow the money from his bank at an interest rate of 10%. However, the $10,000 he has right now is needed for urgent repairs to his home, repairs that will cost at least $15,000 if he delays them for a year. What is the best alternative for Peter out of the following choices? A) No, since the net present value (NPV) of the investment, should he take it, is less than the net present value (NPV) of the home repairs if he delays them for one year. B) Yes, since he can borrow the $10,000 from a bank, repair his home, invest $10,000 in the business opportunity, which, since it has a NPV > 0 will mean he will still come out ahead after repaying the loan. C) Yes, since the net present value (NPV) of the investment is greater than zero he can invest the $10,000 in the business opportunity, and then next year use this money plus the benefit from this money to make the necessary home repairs. D) Yes, since the net present value (NPV) of the investment, should he take it, is greater than the net present value (NPV) of the home repairs if he delays them for one year.
B) Yes, since he can borrow the $10,000 from a bank, repair his home, invest $10,000 in the business
A company has identified the following investments as looking promising. Each requires an initial investment of $1.2 million. Which is the best investment? A) a perpetuity that generates a cash flow at the end of year 1 of $100,000, has a growth rate of 1.25%, and a cost of capital of 11.0% B) a perpetuity that generates a cash flow at the end of year 1 of $800,000, has a growth rate of 2.25%, and a cost of capital of 11.8% C) an investment that generates a cash flow of $400,000 at the end of each of the next five years, when the cost of capital is 6.1% D) an investment that generates a cash flow of $200,000 at the end of each of the next ten years, when the cost of capital is 6.1%
B) a perpetuity that generates a cash flow at the end of year 1 of $800,000, has a growth rate of 2.25%, and a cost of capital of 11.8%
When comparing two projects with different lives, why do you compute an annuity with an equivalent present value (PV) to the net present value (NPV)? A) so that you can see which project has the greatest net present value (NPV) B) so that the projects can be compared on their cost or value created per year C) to reduce the danger that changes in the estimate of the discount rate will lead to choosing the project with a shorter timeframe D) to ensure that cash flows from the project with a longer life that occur after the project with the shorter life has ended are considered
B) so that the projects can be compared on their cost or value created per year
A farmer sows a certain crop. It costs $240,000 to buy the seed, prepare the ground, and sow the crop. In one year's time it will cost $93,200 to harvest the crop. If the crop will be worth $350,000, and the interest rate is 7%, what is the net present value (NPV) of this investment? A) $240,000 B) $87,103 C) $0 D) $567,103
C) $0
Consider the following two projects: Project Year 0 C/F Year 1 C/F Year 2 C/F Year 3 C/F Year 4 C/F Year 5 C/F Year 6 C/F Year 7 C/F Discount Rate Alpha -79 20 25 30 35 40 N/A N/A 16% Beta -80 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 17% The net present value (NPV) for project beta is closest to ________. A) $21.67 B) $14.45 C) $18.06 D) $12.64
C) $18.06
A local government awards a landscaping company a contract worth $1.5 million per year for five years for maintaining public parks. The landscaping company will need to buy some new machinery before they can take on the contract. If the cost of capital is 6%, what is the most that this equipment could cost if the contract is to be worthwhile for the landscaping company? A) $5.69 million B) $6.00 million C) $6.32 million D) $6.63 million
C) $6.32 million
Consider a project with the following cash flows: Year Cash Flow 0 -12,000 1 3000 2 3000 3 3000 4 3000 If the appropriate discount rate for this project is 13%, then the net present value (NPV) is closest to ________. A) $24,000 B) -$1846 C) -$3077 D) -$2154
C) -$3077
A delivery service is buying 600 tires for its fleet of vehicles. One supplier offers to supply the tires for $80 per tire, payable in one year. Another supplier will supply the tires for $20,000 down today, then $45 per tire, payable in one year. What is the difference in PV between the first and the second offer, assuming interest rates are 8.1%? A) -$860 B) -$229 C) -$574 D) $860
C) -$574
A mining company plans to mine a beach for rutile. To do so will cost $14 million up front and then produce cash flows of $7 million per year for five years. At the end of the sixth year the company will incur shut-down and clean-up costs of $6 million. If the cost of capital is 13.0%, then what is the MIRR for this project? A) -60.97% B) -78.39% C) -87.10% D) -95.81%
C) -87.10%
Consider the following two projects: Project Year 0 Cash Flow Year 1 Cash Flow Year 2 Cash Flow Year 3 Cash Flow Year 4 Cash Flow Discount Rate A -100 40 50 60 N/A 0.16 B -73 30 30 30 30 0.16 The profitability index for project B is closest to ________. A) 22.49 B) 14.99 C) 0.15 D) 0.09
C) 0.15
Two mutually exclusive investment opportunities require an initial investment of $7 million. Investment A pays $2.0 million per year in perpetuity, while investment B pays $1.4 million in the first year, with cash flows increasing by 4% per year after that. At what cost of capital would an investor regard both opportunities as being equivalent? A) 3% B) 7% C) 13% D) 15%
C) 13%
The Sisyphean Company is planning on investing in a new project. This will involve the purchase of some new machinery costing $400,000. The Sisyphean Company expects cash inflows from this project as detailed below: Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 $157,452.97 5 $157,452.975 $157,452.975 $157,452.975 The appropriate discount rate for this project is 15%. The internal rate of return (IRR) for this project is closest to ________. A) 13% B) 16% C) 21% D) 24%
C) 21%
Martin is offered an investment where for $6000 today, he will receive $6180 in one year. He decides to borrow $6000 from the bank to make this investment. What is the maximum interest rate the bank needs to offer on the loan if Martin is at least to break even on this investment? A) 1% B) 2% C) 3% D) 4%
C) 3%
Which of the following is true regarding the profitability index? A) It does not use the net present value (NPV) to assess benefits. B) It is very simple to compute. C) Attention must be taken when using it to make sure that all of the constrained resource is utilized. D) It is unreliable when used for choosing between different projects.
C) Attention must be taken when using it to make sure that all of the constrained resource is utilized.
According to Graham and Harvey's 2001 survey (Figure 8.2 in the text), the most popular decision rules for capital budgeting used by CFOs are ________. A) NPV, IRR, MIRR B) MIRR, IRR, Payback period C) IRR, NPV, Payback period D) Profitability index, NPV, IRR
C) IRR, NPV, Payback period
The following show four mutually exclusive investments. Which one is the best investment? A) Initial investment: $1.1 million; Cash flow in year 1: $160,000; Annual Growth Rate: 2%; Cost of Capital: 9.1% B) Initial investment: $1.2 million; Cash flow in year 1: $150,000; Annual Growth Rate: 2%; Cost of Capital: 7.2% C) Initial investment: $1.3 million; Cash flow in year 1: $160,000; Annual Growth Rate: 1%; Cost of Capital: 5.6% D) Initial investment: $1.4 million; Cash flow in year 1: $150,000; Annual Growth Rate: 2%; Cost of Capital: 8.4%
C) Initial investment: $1.3 million; Cash flow in year 1: $160,000; Annual Growth Rate: 1%; Cost of Capital: 5.6%
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of the payback rule? A) It does not consider the time value of money. B) Lacks a decision criterion that is economically based. C) It is difficult to calculate. D) It does not consider cash flows occurring after the payback period.
C) It is difficult to calculate.
Outstanding Job Hours to Print Job Penalty for not completing job in 24 hours Job A 6 -$120 Job B 9 -$200 Job C 12 -$360 Job D 16 -$400 Job E 2 -$50 A print shop has contracted to print a number of jobs within 24 hours. Any jobs not completely printed within this time will result in a penalty, as shown in the table above. However too many jobs have been accepted, and not all can be printed. Which jobs should be printed in the next 24 hours? A) Job D and Job A B) Job C and Job B C) Job C, Job B, and Job E D) Job D, Job A, and Job E
C) Job C, Job B, and Job E
Initial Investment Cash flow Project A $35 million $14 million per year for four years Project B $21 million $7 million per year for five years Project C $14 million $7 million per year for four years Project D $21 million $10.5 million per year for three years An investor has a budget of $35 million. He can invest in the projects shown above. If the cost of capital is 8%, what investment or investments should he make? A) Project A B) Project B C) Project B and Project C D) Project C and Project D
C) Project B and Project C
Assuming that your capital is constrained, which project should you invest in last? A) Project A B) Project I C) Project D D) Project C
C) Project D
Time: 0 1 2 3 Investment A: -$1 million $300,000 $400,000 $500,000 Investment B: -$1 million $500,000 $400,000 $300,000 An investor is considering the two investments shown above. Her cost of capital is 8%. Which of the following statements about these investments is true? A) The investor should take investment A since it has a greater net present value (NPV). B) The investor should take investment A since it has a greater internal rate of return (IRR). C) The investor should take investment B since it has a greater net present value (NPV). D) The investor should take investment B since it has a greater internal rate of return (IRR).
C) The investor should take investment B since it has a greater net present value (NPV).
The cash flows for four projects are shown below, along with the cost of capital for these projects. If these projects are mutually exclusive, which one should be taken? A) Year: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Cash flow: -$5000 $2000 $2000 $2000 $2000 $2000 Cost of Capital: 6.0% B) Year: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Cash flow: -$6000 $2500 $2500 $2500 $2500 2,500 Cost of Capital: 7.5% C) Year: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Cash flow: -$7000 $3000 $3000 $3000 $3000 $3000 Cost of Capital: 7.5% D) Year: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Cash flow: -$8000 $3200 $3200 $3200 $3200 $3200 Cost of Capital: 9.2%
C) Year: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Cash flow: -$7000 $3000 $3000 $3000 $3000 $3000 Cost of Capital: 7.5%
A firm is considering several mutually exclusive investment opportunities. The best way to choose between them is which of the following? A) profitability index B) payback period C) net present value (NPV) D) internal rate of return (IRR)
C) net present value (NPV)
Jenkins Security has learned that a rival has offered to supply a parking garage with security for ten years for $45,000 up front and a further $15,000 per year. If Jenkins Security offers to provide security for eight years for an upfront cost of $60,000 and a separate yearly payment, by what maximum amount can this yearly payment be over $20,000, so that Jenkins' offer matches the equivalent annual annuity of their rival's offer? (Assume a cost of capital of 5%.) A) -$89 B) -$94 C) -$100 D) -$111
D) -$111
A security company offers to provide CCTV coverage for a parking garage for ten years for an initial payment of $50,000 and additional payments of $30,000 per year. What is the equivalent annual annuity of this deal, given a cost of capital of 5%? A) -$21,885 B) -$25,533 C) -$29,180 D) -$36,475
D) -$36,475
A company buys a color printer that will cost $16,000 to buy, and last 5 years. It is assumed that it will require servicing costing $500 each year. What is the equivalent annual annuity of this deal, given a cost of capital of 8%? A) -$3155 B) -$3606 C) -$4057 D) -$4507
D) -$4507
Consider the following two projects: Project Year 0 Cash Flow Year 1 Cash Flow Year 2 Cash Flow Year 3 Cash Flow Year 4 Cash Flow Discount Rate A -100 40 50 80 N/A 0.12 B -73 30 30 30 30 0.12 The payback period for project A is closest to ________. A) 1.9 years B) 2.3 years C) 2.6 years D) 2.1 years
D) 2.1 years
Consider the following two projects: Project Year 0 Cash Flow Year 1 Cash Flow Year 2 Cash Flow Year 3 Cash Flow Year 4 Cash Flow Discount Rate A -100 40 50 60 N/A 0.10 B -73 25 25 25 25 0.10 The payback period for project B is closest to ________. A) 3.2 years B) 2.3 years C) 2.6 years D) 2.9 years
D) 2.9 years
A florist is buying a number of motorcycles to expand its delivery service. These will cost $78,000 but are expected to increase profits by $3000 per month over the next four years. What is the payback period in this case? A) 10.40 months B) 15.60 months C) 19.50 months D) 26.00 months
D) 26.00 months
Which of the following situations can lead to IRR giving a different decision than NPV? A) delayed investment B) multiple IRRs C) differences in project scale D) All of the above can lead to IRR giving a different decision than NPV.
D) All of the above can lead to IRR giving a different decision than NPV.
A garage is comparing the cost of buying two different car hoists. Hoist A will cost $20,000, will require servicing of $1000 every two years, and last ten years. Hoist B will cost $15,000, require servicing of $800 per year, and last eight years. If the cost of capital is 7%, which is the better option, given that the firm has an ongoing requirement for a hoist? A) Hoist A, since it has a greater present value (PV). B) Hoist B, since it has a greater present value (PV). C) Hoist A, since it has a greater equivalent annual annuity. D) Hoist B, since it has a greater equivalent annual annuity.
D) Hoist B, since it has a greater equivalent annual annuity.
Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) In general, the difference between the cost of capital and the internal rate of return (IRR) is the maximum amount of estimation error in the cost of capital estimate that can exist without altering the original decision. B) The internal rate of return (IRR) can provide information on how sensitive your analysis is to errors in the estimate of your cost of capital. C) If you are unsure of your cost of capital estimate, it is important to determine how sensitive your analysis is to errors in this estimate. D) If the cost of capital estimate is more than the internal rate of return (IRR), the net present value (NPV) will be positive.
D) If the cost of capital estimate is more than the internal rate of return (IRR), the net present value (NPV) will be positive.
An investor has the opportunity to invest in four new retail stores. The amount that can be invested in each store, along with the expected cash flow at the end of the first year, the growth rate of the concern, and the cost of capital is shown for each case. It is assumed each investment will operate in perpetuity after the initial investment. Which investment should the investor choose? A) Initial investment: $100,000; Cash flow in year 1: $12,000; Growth Rate: 1.25%; Cost of Capital: 9.1% B) Initial investment: $90,000; Cash flow in year 1: $10,000; Growth Rate: 1.50%; Cost of Capital: 9.3% C) Initial investment: $80,000; Cash flow in year 1: $8,000; Growth Rate: 1.75%; Cost of Capital: 8.0% D) Initial investment: $60,000; Cash flow in year 1: $6,000; Growth Rate: 2.50%; Cost of Capital: 7.2%
D) Initial investment: $60,000; Cash flow in year 1: $6,000; Growth Rate: 2.50%; Cost of Capital: 7.2%
Time: Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Discount Rate Investment A: -$1.5 million $300,000 $300,000 $300,000 $500,000 $500,000 8% Investment B: -$1.3 million $500,000 $400,000 $300,000 $200,000 $100,000 7% 13) An investor is considering the two investments shown above. Which of the following statements about these investments is true? A) The investor should take investment A since it has a greater net present value (NPV). B) The investor should take investment A since it has a greater internal rate of return (IRR). C) The investor should take investment B since it has a greater net present value (NPV). D) Neither investment should be taken since they both have a negative net present value (NPV).
D) Neither investment should be taken since they both have a negative net present value (NPV).
A security firm is offered $80,000 in one year for providing CCTV coverage of a property. The cost of providing this coverage to the security firm is $74,000, payable now, and the interest rate is 8.5%. Should the firm take the contract? A) Yes, since net present value (NPV) is positive. B) It does not matter whether the contract is taken or not, since NPV = 0. C) Yes, since net present value (NPV) is negative. D) No, since net present value (NPV) is negative.
D) No, since net present value (NPV) is negative.
A convenience store owner is contemplating putting a large neon sign over his store. It would cost $50,000, but is expected to bring an additional $24,000 of profit to the store every year for five years. Would this project be worthwhile if evaluated using a payback period of two years or less and if the cost of capital is 10%? A) Yes, since it will pay back its initial investment in two years. B) Yes, since the value of the cash flows into the store, in present dollars, are greater than the initial investment. C) Yes, since the cash flows after two years are greater than the initial investment. D) No, since the value of the cash flows over the first two years are less than the initial investment.
D) No, since the value of the cash flows over the first two years are less than the initial investment.
A janitorial services firm is considering two brands of industrial vacuum cleaners to equip their staff. Option A will cost $1,500, require servicing of $200 per year, and it will last five years. Option B will cost $1,000, require servicing of $100 per year, and it will last three years. If the cost of capital is 8%, which is the better option, given that the firm has an ongoing requirement for vacuum cleaners? A) Option A, since it has a lower equivalent annual annuity. B) Option B, since it has a lower equivalent annual annuity. C) Option A, since it has a greater equivalent annual annuity. D) Option B, since it has a greater equivalent annual annuity.
D) Option B, since it has a greater equivalent annual annuity.
Book NPV Number of writers needed Prep for the College Entry Test $800,000 24 Prep for the Dental School Entry Test $250,000 8 Prep for the Grad School Entry Test $450,000 12 Prep for the Law School Entry Test $320,000 9 Prep for the Medical School Entry Test $400,000 10 A company that creates education products is planning to create a suite of books to help customers prepare for high-stakes tests for entry into college and grad school. They have 33 in-house writers to create these books. Due to the expertise needed in creating this content it will not be possible to hire temporary writers within the planned time-frame. Which projects should be undertaken? A) Prep for the College Entry Test and Prep for the Law School Entry Test B) Prep for the College Entry Test and Prep for the Grad School Entry Test C) Prep for the Dental School Entry Test, Prep for the Grad School Entry Test, and Prep for the Medical School Entry Test D) Prep for the Grad School Entry Test, Prep for the Law School Entry Test, and Prep for the Medical School Entry Test
D) Prep for the Grad School Entry Test, Prep for the Law School Entry Test, and Prep for the Medical School Entry Test
Initial Investment Cash flow Project A $21 million $12 million per year for three years Project B $18 million $9 million per year for three years Project C $15 million $6 million per year for six years Project D $12 million $4.5 million per year for eight years An investor has a budget of $30 million. He can invest in the projects shown above. If the cost of capital is 5%, what investment or investments should he make? A) Project A B) Project B C) Project B and Project D D) Project C and Project D
D) Project C and Project D
Tanner is choosing between two investment options. He can invest $500 now and get (guaranteed) $550 in one year, or invest $500 now and get (guaranteed) $531.40 back later today. The risk-free rate is 3.5%. Which investment should Tanner prefer? A) $531.40 later today, since $1 today is worth more than $1 in one year. B) $550 in one year, since it is $50 more than he invested rather than $31.40 more than he invested. C) Neither - both investments have a negative NPV. D) Tanner should be indifferent between the two investments, since both are equivalent to the same amount of cash today.
D) Tanner should be indifferent between the two investments, since both are equivalent to the same amount of cash today.
The owner of a hair salon spends $1,000,000 to renovate its premises, estimating that this will increase her cash flow by $220,000 per year. She constructs the above graph, which shows the net present value (NPV) as a function of the discount rate. At what dollar value should the NPV profile cross the vertical axis? A) $780,000 B) $1,000,000 C) Cannot be determined because inadequate information is given. D) The vertical axis crossing point cannot be calculated since the cash inflows are in perpetuity.
D) The vertical axis crossing point cannot be calculated since the cash inflows are in perpetuity.
Which of the following is NOT a valid method of modifying cash flows to produce a MIRR? A) Discount all of the negative cash flows to time 0 and leave the positive cash flows alone. B) Leave the initial cash flow alone and compound all of the remaining cash flows to the final period of the project. C) Discount all of the negative cash flows to the present and compound all of the positive cash flows to the end of the project. D) Turn multiple negative cash flows into a single negative cash flow by summing all negative cash flows over the project's lifetime.
D) Turn multiple negative cash flows into a single negative cash flow by summing all negative cash flows over the project's lifetime.
The cash flows for four projects are shown below, along with the cost of capital for these projects. If these projects are mutually exclusive, which one should be taken? A) Year: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Cash flow: -$20,000 $6000 $6000 $6000 $6000 $6000 Cost of Capital: 8.2% B) Year: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Cash flow: -$15,000 $4000 $4000 $4000 $4000 $4000 Cost of Capital: 7.0% C) Year: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Cash flow: -$18,000 $5000 $5000 $5000 $5000 $5000 Cost of Capital: 7.6% D) Year: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Cash flow: -$12,000 $4000 $4000 $4000 $4000 $4000 Cost of Capital: 5.0%
D) Year: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Cash flow: -$12,000 $4000 $4000 $4000 $4000 $4000 Cost of Capital: 5.0%
The owners of a chain of fast-food restaurants spend $25 million installing donut makers in all their restaurants. This is expected to increase cash flows by $11 million per year for the next five years. If the discount rate is 5.3%, were the owners correct in making the decision to install donut makers? A) No, as it has a net present value (NPV) of -$4.45 million. B) No, as it has a net present value (NPV) of -$2.22 million. C) Yes, as it has a net present value (NPV) of $13.34 million. D) Yes, as it has a net present value (NPV) of $22.23 million.
D) Yes, as it has a net present value (NPV) of $22.23 million.
Consider the following two projects: Project Year 0 C/F Year 1 C/F Year 2 C/F Year 3 C/F Year 4 C/F Year 5 C/F Year 6 C/F Year 7 C/F Discount Rate Alpha -79 20 25 30 35 40 N/A N/A 16 Beta -80 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 15 Assume that projects Alpha and Beta are mutually exclusive. The correct investment decision and the best rationale for that decision is to ________. A) invest in project Beta, since NPV Beta > 0 B) invest in project Alpha, since NPV Beta < NPV Alpha C) invest in project Beta, since IRRB > IRRA D) invest in project Beta, since NPV Beta > NPV Alpha > 0
D) invest in project Beta, since NPVBeta > NPVAlpha > 0
Investment A: Year: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Cash flow: -$14,000 $6000 $6000 $6000 $6000 $6000 Investment B: Year: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Cash flow: -$15,000 $7000 $7000 $7000 $7000 $7000 Investment C: Year: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Cash flow: -$18,000 $12,000 $2000 $2000 $2000 $2000 The cash flows for three projects are shown above. The cost of capital is 9.5%. If an investor decided to take projects with a payback period two years or less, which of these projects would he take? A) Investment A B) Investment B C) Investment C D) none of these investments
D) none of these investments
Which of the following decision rules is best defined as the amount of time it takes to pay back the initial investment? A) internal rate of return (IRR) B) profitability index C) net present value (NPV) D) payback period
D) payback period
Which of the following decision rules might best be used as a supplement to net present value (NPV) by a firm that favors liquidity? A) profitability index B) MIRR C) equivalent annual annuity D) payback period
D) payback period
Most corporations measure the value of a project in terms of which of the following? A) discount value B) discount factor C) future value (FV) D) present value (PV)
D) present value (PV)
You are opening up a brand new retail strip mall. You presently have more potential retail outlets wanting to locate in your mall than you have space available. What is the most appropriate tool to use if you are trying to determine the optimal allocation of your retail space? A) internal rate of return (IRR) B) payback period C) net present value (NPV) D) profitability index
D) profitability index
Which of the following is a disadvantage of the Net Present Value rule? A) can be misleading if inflows come before outflows B) not necessarily consistent with maximizing shareholder wealth C) ignores cash flows after the cutoff point D) relies on accurate estimate of the discount rate
D) relies on accurate estimate of the discount rate
Internal rate of return (IRR) can reliably be used to choose between mutually exclusive projects.
FALSE
Preference for cash today versus cash in the future in part determines net present value (NPV).
FALSE
The internal rate of return (IRR) rule will agree with the Net Present Value rule even when positive cash flows precede negative cash flows.
FALSE
When different projects put different demands on a limited resource, then net present value (NPV) is always the best way to choose the best project.
FALSE
When using equivalent annual annuities to compare the costs of projects with different lives, you should not consider any changes in the expected replacement cost of equipment.
FALSE
Net present value (NPV) is the difference between the present value (PV) of the benefits and the present value (PV) of the costs of a project or investment.
TRUE
Net present value (NPV) is usefully supplemented by internal rate of return (IRR), since IRR gives a good indication of the sensitivity of any decision made to changes in the discount rate.
TRUE
The Net Present Value rule implies that we should compare a projects net present value (NPV) to zero.
TRUE
The payback rule is based on the idea that an opportunity that pays back its initial investment quickly is a worthwhile opportunity.
TRUE
The profitability index can break down completely when dealing with multiple resource restraints.
TRUE
When an alternative decision rule disagrees with the net present value (NPV), the NPV should be followed.
TRUE
When comparing mutually exclusive projects which have different scales, you must know the dollar impact of each investment rather than percentage returns.
TRUE
When different investment rules give conflicting answers, then decisions should be based on the Net Present Value rule, as it is the most reliable and accurate decision rule.
TRUE
You can evaluate alternative projects with different lives by calculating and comparing their equivalent annual annuity.
TRUE