Fin. Ch.6

What are the two unique features of a U.S. federal government bond?

U.S. Treasury issues are exempt from state income taxes. U.S. Treasury issues are considered to be default-free.

When long-term rates are higher than short-term rates, which of the following shapes will the term structure of interest rates usually have?

Upward sloping

Equity represents a(n) ____ interest of a firm.

ownership

The term structure of interest rates examines the ____.

relationship between short-term and long-term interest rates

True or false: Long-term debt has maturities greater than one year.

True

True or false: Longer-term bonds have greater interest rate sensitivity because a large portion of a bond's value comes from the face amount.

True

True or false: Low-grade bonds may not be rated by major rating agencies.

True

True or false: The government sells Treasury notes and bonds to the public every month.

True

True or false: The price you actually pay to purchase a bond will generally exceed the clean price.

True

True or false: Zero coupon bond calculations use semiannual periods to be consistent with coupon bond calculations.

True

ABC Co. issued 1 million 6 percent annual coupon bonds that mature in 10 years. The face value is $1,000 per bond. What are the expected cash flows from one of these bonds?

$60 in interest at the end of each year for 10 years and a $1,000 repayment of principal at the end of 10 years.

The model that precisely specifies the relationship between the nominal rate and the real rate is: R = the nominal rate r = the real rate h = the rate of inflation

(1 + R) = (1 + r)×(1 + h)

What are the two major forms of long-term debt?

-private issue -public issue

If you are in the 20% federal income tax bracket, what is your after-tax yield on a municipal bond that is currently trading at par to yield 5%. Assume there are no state or local taxes.

5%

Crossover bonds can also be called _____ bonds.

5B

What is a premium bond?

A bond that sells for more than face value

Which of the following may increase the yield on corporate bonds as compensation to investors but will not impact Treasury bond yields?

Liquidity premium Default risk premium

Why is the bond market less transparent than the stock market?

Many bond transactions are negotiated privately.

Which one of the following is the most important source of risk from owning bonds?

Market interest rate fluctuations

Which of the following is true of zero coupon bonds?

No coupon payments are made on the bonds

What are some features of the OTC market for bonds?

OTC dealers are connected electronically. The OTC has no designated physical location.

Which of the following variables is NOT required to calculate the value of a bond?

Original issue price of bond

What does the AAA rating assigned by S&P mean?

The firm is in a strong position to meet its debt obligations

Which of the following are features of municipal bonds?

The interest on municipal bonds is exempt from federal taxes. They are issued by state and local governments. The interest on municipal bonds is, in some cases exempt from state taxes in the state of issue.

As a general rule, which of the following are true of debt and equity?

The maximum reward for owning debt is fixed. Equity represents an ownership interest.

What is a corporate bond's yield to maturity (YTM)?

YTM is the prevailing market interest rate for bonds with similar features. YTM is the expected return for an investor who buys the bond today and holds it to maturity.

What four variables are required to calculate the value of a bond?

Yield to maturity Coupon rate Time remaining to maturity Par value

What does the dirty price represent?

it includes the quoted price and accrued interest

The bonds of a firm in financial distress may have a market value that is _____ than the face value at maturity.

less

If a $1,000 par value bond is trading at a discount, it means that the market value of the bond is ______$1,000.

less than

The interest rate risk premium is the additional compensation demanded by investors for holding ____ bonds.

longer-term

Which type of debt is given preference in the event of default?

senior

The relationship between nominal rates, real rates and inflation is called ________ .

the Fisher Effect

Bond ratings are based on the probability of default risk, which is the risk that ___.

the bond's issuer may not be able make all the required payments

The term structure of interest rates describes ________.

the pure time value of money the relationship between nominal rates and time to maturity

The degree of interest rate risk depends on ____.

the sensitivity of the bond's price to interest rate changes

What is the definition of a bond's time to maturity?

It is the number of years until the face value is paid off

True or false: Bonds that have dropped into junk territory are called "trash" bonds.

False

What is a bond's accrued interest?

It is interest that has been earned but not yet received by the current bondholder

What is the nominal rate of return on an investment?

It is the actual percentage change in the dollar value of an investment unadjusted for inflation.

What is the asked price?

It is the price at which an investor can buy a particular security from a dealer; it is the price at which a dealer is willing to sell a particular security

What does a Treasury yield curve show?

It shows the yield for different maturities of Treasury notes and bonds

What will happen to a bond's time to maturity as the years go by?

It will decline

What does a bond's rating reflect?

The ability of the firm to repay its debt and interest on time

A debenture is a(n) _____ bond, for which no specific pledge of property is made.

unsecured

True or false: A put bond allows the holder to force the issuer to buy the bond back at a stated price.

True

True or false: All else being equal, a one-year bond's price is less sensitive to interest rate changes as compared to that of a ten-year bond's price.

True

What is the inflation premium?

It is the additional return demanded by investors to compensate for expected inflation

If you are holding two bonds - one with a 5% coupon rate and the other with an 8% coupon rate - which one is more sensitive to interest rate risk, all other things being equal?

The bond with a 5% coupon rate

What are the three components that influence the Treasury yield curve?

Expected future inflation The interest rate risk premium The real rate of return

What are "fallen angel" bonds?

Bonds that have dropped from investment grade to junk bond status

What is a bond's current yield?

current yield= annual coupon payment/current price

When interest rates in the market rise, we can expect the price of bonds to ____.

decrease

Which of the following are true of bonds?

-They are issued by both corporations and governments -They are normally interest-only loans

What is a real rate of return?

-it is a rate of return that has been adjusted for inflation -it is a percentage change in buying power

What does historical data suggest about the nature of short-term and long-term interest rates?

Sometimes short-term rates are higher and sometimes long-term rates are higher.

If you are holding two identical bonds, except that one matures in 10 years and the other matures in 5 years, which bond's price will be more sensitive to interest rate risk?

The 10-year bond

The ___ price is also called the "full" or "invoice" price.

dirty

A key difference between interest payments and dividend payments is?

dividends are not tax deductible interest is tax deductible

Which three of the following are common shapes for the term structure of interest rates?

downward sloping humped upward sloping

A limitation of bond ratings is that they ____.

focus exclusively on default risk

A bond with a BB rating has a ______ than a bond with an BBB rating.

higher risk of default

When interest rates in the market fall, bond values will increase because the present value of the bond's remaining cash flows ____.

increases

The nominal rate is found by adding the _____ and the real rate of return.

inflation

Junk bonds have the following features:

they are rated below investment grade bonds

If a $1,000 par value bond is trading at a premium, the bond is:

trading for more than $1,000 in the market

True or false: Bond ratings are concerned only with the possibility of price changes.

true

What is a discount bond?

Discount bonds are bonds that sell for less than the face value

Which of the following terms apply to a bond?

-time to maturity -par value -coupon rate

If bonds for AT&T are quoted at 115, they can be purchased:

at 115% of par value plus accrued interest

A bond's _____ payment is a fixed amount of interest that is paid annually or semiannually by the issuer to its bondholders

coupon

When using trial and error to compute the yield to maturity (YTM) for a 6 percent coupon bond that trades at a premium, the process can be shortened if the initial guess is ____ 6 percent.

lower than

A zero-coupon bond is a bond that ____.

makes no interest payments

Debt cannot be subordinated to ____

equity

If a bond is selling at a discount from its par value, the YTM must be _____ the coupon rate.

greater than

What are the cash flows involved in the purchase of a 5-year zero-coupon bond that has a par value of $1,000 if the current price is $800? Assume the market rate of interest is 5 percent.

Pay $800 today and receive $1,000 at the end of 5 years

A part of the indenture limiting certain actions during the term of the loan are termed ________.

Protective covenants

If a $1,000 face value U.S. Treasury bond is quoted at 99.5, then the bond can be purchased _____.

at 99.5 percent of face value plus any accrued interest

A provision in the bond indenture giving the issuing company the option to repurchase the bonds before maturity is termed a _________________.

call provision

Most of the time, a floating-rate bond's coupon adjusts ____.

with a lag to some base rate

Which three components determine the shape of the term structure of interest rates?

Inflation premium Real interest rate Interest rate risk premium

What does the clean price for a bond represent?

The quoted price excluding accrued interest

True or false: A debenture is a bond secured with collateral.

False

A corporate bond's yield to maturity:

- is usually not the same as a bond's coupon rate - changes over time

If you are holding a municipal bond that is trading at par to yield 6%, by how much will your after-tax yield change if your federal income tax bracket increases from 15% to 20%. Assume there are no state or local taxes

0%

What are municipal bonds?

Bonds that have been issued by state or local governments

As an investor in the bond market, why should you be concerned about changes in interest rates?

Changes in interest rates cause changes in bond prices.

Which of these correctly identify differences between U.S. Treasury bonds and corporate bonds?

Treasury bonds are issued by the US government while corporate bonds are issued by corporations. Treasury bonds are considered free of default risk while corporate bonds are exposed to default risk. Treasury bonds offer certain tax benefits to investors that corporate bonds cannot offer.

True or false: Investors require a premium for the risk that issuers other than the Treasury may not make all promised payments on the issued bonds.

True

Which of the following are bonds that have actually been issued?

a CoCo bond a convertible bond a put bond

A bond's coupon payment is:

a fixed amount of interest that is paid annually or semiannually by the issuer to its bondholders

The coupon payments on floating-rate bonds are _____.

adjustable

To find the total bond value, add the present value of the amount paid at maturity to the _____ of the annual coupon payments.

annuity present value

The bid-ask spread represents the ___.

dealer's profit

What are crossover bonds?

Bonds that have both an investment grade and a junk bond rating

Which of the following is not a difference between debt and equity?

Equity is publicly traded while debt is not

True or false: The dirty price does not include accrued interest.

False

The sensitivity of a bond's price to interest rate changes is dependent on which of the following two variables?

Time to maturity Coupon rate

What is the equation for approximating the nominal rate of return? R = the nominal rate of interest r = the real rate of interest h = the inflation rate

R = r + h

True or false: Current yield = Annual coupon payment/Price

True

True or false: The higher the coupon rate, the greater the interest rate risk, all other things being equal.

False

Which of the following are true about a bond's face value?

It is also known as the par value. It is the principal amount repaid at maturity.

The US government borrows money by issuing:

Treasury bonds, and treasury notes.