Final Exam
In 1957, U.S Soldiers from the ____ ________ _________ were called in to escort the Little Rock Nine into and around formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas
101st airborne division
according to the text, when World War I ended a total of _____________ American soldiers had been killed
117,000
Which of the following groups or bodies did not offer direct relief to needy people? A. the federal government B. local police and schoolteachers C. churches and synagogues D. wealthy individuals
A
a campaign by African Americans to win victory over the enemy overseas and victory over racism at home
Double V campaign
General __________ ___________ served as the supreme allied commander of the Pacific theatre from 1942-1945
Douglas MacArthur
Film production was originally based in and around ____ _____, where Thomas Edison first debuted the Kinetoscope in 1893.
New York
Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes ran the __________ _______ _______________, which completed over thirty-four thousand projects, including the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco and the Queens-Midtown Tunnel in New York.
Public Works Administration
The popularization of ________ expanded the communications and sports industries. A. radios B. talkies C. the Model T D. airplanes
Radios
unlike the secret terror group of the Reconstruction Era, the Second Ku Klux Klan was a nationwide movement that expressed racism, nativism, anti-Semitism, and anti-Catholicism
Second Ku Klux Klan
Just months after the release of The Birth of a Nation, a second incarnation of the Klan was established at ________ ____________, Georgia, under the leadership of William Simmons
Stone Mountain
_____ _____________ Camps housed over 100,000 Japanese Americans during the war.
War Relocation
Who was the Republican presidential nominee for the 1920 election? A. Calvin Coolidge B. Woodrow Wilson C. Warren Harding D. James Cox
Warren Harding
A generation of young women who expressed their new freedoms in dress and lifestyle, as well as becoming the symbols of the revolution in morals, were commonly called ___________.
flappers
The 1924 ____________ restrictions created deep tensions between the United States and the countries of China and Japan
immigration
the forced incarceration of the West Coast Japanese and Japanese American population into ten relocation centers for the greater part of World War II
internment
period between the election and the inauguration of a new president; when economic conditions worsened significantly during the four-month lag between Roosevelt's win and his move into the Oval Office, Congress amended the Constitution to limit this period to two months
interregnum
During World War II _________ _________ served in the Army Air Force and appeared in a short film entitled Winning Your Wings that encouraged young men to enlist.
jimmy stewart
name for the war bonds that the U.S. government sold, and strongly encouraged Americans to buy, as a way of raising money for the war effort
liberty bonds
a defense strategy, sometimes called "mutually assured destruction" or MAD, adopted by Eisenhower that called for launching a large-scale nuclear attack on the Soviet Union in response to a first Soviet strike at the United States
massive retaliation
equipment and supplies used by the military
materiel
the matrix of relationships between officials in the Defense Department and executives in the defense industry who all benefited from increases in defense spending
military-industrial complex
henry fords reliance on the _________ ________ ____, scientific managment, and time-motion studies added to his emphasis on effciency over craftsmanship
moving assembly line
manufacturing process that allowed workers to stay in one place as the work came to them
moving assembly line
the rejection of outside influences in favor of local or native customs
nativism
the more permissive mores adopted my many young people in the 1920s
new morality
When Warren G. Harding stated that America needed to return to "_____________", this suggestion inspired widespread fear of outsiders, an end to reforms for broad social justice, and an opportunity to enjoy the growing national prosperity.
normalcy
a flamboyant outfit favored by young African American and Mexican American men
zoot suit
This photograph is of Levittown, Pennsylvania. Developer William Levitt's houses only cost ___________ and could be bought with little or no down payment
$8,000
among the volunteers to serve in the American military during WWI were ____________ women, a quarter of whom went to France to serve as nurses or in clerical positions
20,000
In 1917, when the United States declared war on Germany, the U.S Army ranked seventh in the world in terms of size, with an estimated ______________ enlisted men.
200,000
The Social Security Act borrowed some ideas from which of the following? A. the Townsend Plan B. the Division of Negro Affairs C. the Education Trust D. the NIRA
A
The United States Senator who led the noninterventionists in Congress and called for neutrality legislation in the 1930s was ________. A. Gerald P. Nye B. Robert Wagner C. George C. Marshall D. Neville Chamberlain
A
The program to recruit Mexican agricultural workers during World War II was the ________. A. bracero program B. maquiladora program C. brazzos program D. campesino program
A
Why did the war not increase overall prosperity? A. because inflation made the cost of living higher B. because wages were lowered due to the war effort C. because workers had no bargaining power due to the "no-strike pledge" D. because women and African American men were paid less for the same work
A
In both 1952 and 1956 the Democrats nominated _______ ___________ to run against Dwight D. Eisenhower
Adlai Stevenson
The goal of the goal of the _____________ ____________ Act of 1933 was to raise farm income mainly through federal subsidies and cutbacks in production
Agricultural Adjustment
Passed into law on May 12, 1933, the ______________ _____________ _____ was designed to boost prices to a level that would alleviate rural poverty and restore profitability to American agriculture, by encouraging farmers to limit production in order to increase demand while receiving cash payments in return .
Agricultural Adjustment Act
When Coolidge decided not to seek reelection, the presidential race in 1928 was between Republican Herbert Hoover and Democrat ___ _______
Al Smith
Wealthy businessmen would have been most likely to support Republican ____ ___________ in the presidential election of 1936
Alf Landon
At the 1948 Summer Olympics, _________ ____________, an African American, was the only American woman to take a gold medal in the games
Alice Coachman
By 1915, the _____ _________ consisted of Great Britain, France, Russia, Japan, and Italy
Allied Powers
In its major initial contribution to the war effort in World War I, the United States secured the safety of the seas for ______ _________ and U.S. troop transport
Allied shipping
belief, strongly held by Herbert Hoover and others, that hard work and individual effort, absent government interference, comprised the formula for success in the U.S
American individualism
Fearing an armed uprising, Hoover then ordered General Douglas MacArthur, along with his aides, Dwight Eisenhower and George Patton, to forcibly remove the veterans from ____________ ______.
Anacostia Flats
In March 1938, claiming that he sought only to reunite ethnic Germans within the borders of one country, Hitler invaded _________ .
Austria
The outbreak of World War I was the culmination of a European crisis that began when a Bosnian recruited by Serbian terrorists assassinated the heir to the throne of ___________-__________
Austria-Hungary
The name of the first manmade satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, was________. A. Triton B. Cosmolskaya C. Pravda D. Sputnik
D
The first Levittown was built ________. A. in Bucks County, Pennsylvania B. in Nassau County, New York C. near Newark, New Jersey D. near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
B
What was Article X in the Treaty of Versailles? A. the "war guilt clause" that France required B. the agreement that all nations in the League of Nations would be rendered equal C. the Allies' division of Germany's holdings in Asia D. the refusal to allow Bolshevik Russia membership in the League of Nations
B
What was the first New Deal agency to hire women openly? A. the NRA B. the WPA C. the AAA D. the TVA
B
What was the policy of trying to limit the expansion of Soviet influence abroad? A. restraint B. containment C. isolationism D. quarantine
B
Which assessment of Herbert Hoover's presidency is most accurate? A. Hoover's policies caused the stock market crash and subsequent depression. B. Although he did not cause the stock market crash, Hoover deserves criticism for his inadequate response to it. C. Hoover pledged a great deal of direct federal aid to unemployed Americans, overtaxing the federal budget and worsening the financial crisis. D. Hoover disapproved of American capitalism and therefore attempted to forestall any concrete solutions to the Depression.
B
Which of the following is a cause of the stock market crash of 1929? A. too many people invested in the market B. investors made risky investments with borrowed money C. the federal government invested heavily in business stock D. World War I created optimal conditions for an eventual crash
B
Which of the following islands had to be captured in order to provide a staging area for U.S. bombing raids against Japan? A. Sakhalin B. Iwo Jima C. Molokai D. Reunion
B
Which of the following pieces of Truman's domestic agenda was rejected by Congress? A. the Taft-Hartley Act B. national healthcare C. the creation of a civil rights commission D. funding for schools
B
Which of the following statements accurately describes Mary McLeod Bethune? A. She was a prominent supporter of the Townsend Plan. B. She was a key figure in the NYA. C. She was Eleanor Roosevelt's personal secretary. D. She was a labor organizer
B
Which of the following was not a destabilizing factor immediately following the end of the war? A. a flu pandemic B. a women's liberation movement C. high inflation and economic uncertainty D. political paranoia
B
Which of the following was not a key factor in the conditions that led to the Dust Bowl? A. previous over-cultivation of farmland B. decreasing American demand for farm produce C. unfavorable weather conditions D. poor farming techniques regarding proper irrigation and acreage rotation
B
Which of the following was not a policy undertaken by the NIRA? A. agreement among industries to set prices B. agreement among industries to reinvest profits into their firms C. agreement among industries to set production levels D. recognition of the right of workers to form unions
B
Which of the following was not included in the Treaty of Versailles? A. extensive German reparations to be paid to the Allies B. a curtailment of German immigration to Allied nations C. France's acquisition of disputed territory along the French-German border D. a mandate for Germany to accept responsibility for the war publicly
B
Why was the German use of the unterseeboot considered to defy international law? A. because other countries did not have similar technology B. because they refused to warn their targets before firing C. because they constituted cruel and unusual methods D. because no international consensus existed to employ submarine technology
B
What type of help did the CWA provide? A. direct relief B. farm refinancing C. bank reform D. employment opportunities
D
Which novel of the era satirized the conformity of the American middle class? A. This Side of Paradise B. The Sun Also Rises C. A Farewell to Arms D. Babbitt
Babbitt
Known as the _________ _______ March, it was the forced march in 1942 of 10,000 American and Filipino prisoners of the Japanese. Their contempt for soldiers who surrendered resulted in deliberate starvation, beating, and even murder of the men
Bataan Death
The Allies turned the tide in May and June 1942, at the Battle of Coral Sea and the ____________ ____ __________.
Battle of Midway
The War industries Board run by __________ _______ had the power to direct shipments of raw materials, as well as to control government contracts with private producers
Bernard Baruch
As a young man _______ _________ had gained fame as a baseball player with exceptional skill and speed. Later, he found even more celebrity as the nation's most revered evangelist, drawing huge crowds at camp meetings around the country.
Billy Sunday
Which man was both a professional baseball player and an influential evangelist during the1920s? A. Babe Ruth B. H. L. Mencken C. Jim Thorpe D. Billy Sunday
Billy Sunday
"___________ ___________" occurred on October 29th, 1929
Black Tuesday
General Douglas MacArthur was the U.S. Army Chief of Staff during the ______ ______ March and removal of 1932
Bonus Army
It was the hard work of Roosevelt's advisors--the " ________ _______" of scholars and thinkers from leading universities-- as well as Congress and the American public who helped the New Deal succeed as well as it did.
Brains Trust
unofficial advisory cabinet to President Franklin Roosevelt, originally gathered while he was governor of New York, to present possible solutions to the nations' problems; among its prominent members were Rexford Tugwell, Raymond Moley, and Adolph Berle
Brains Trust
Tennessee's _________ ___ made it illegal "to teach any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man has descended from a lower order of animals"
Butler Act
The Arkansas governor who tried to prevent the integration of Little Rock High School was________. A. Charles Hamilton Houston B. Kenneth Clark C. OrvalFaubus D. Clark Clifford
C
The disc jockey who popularized rock and roll was ________. A. Bill Haley B. Elvis Presley C. Alan Freed D. Ed Sullivan
C
Truman referred to his program of economic and social reform as the ________. A. New Deal B. Square Deal C. Fair Deal D. Straight Deal
C
What of the following was not used to control American dissent against the war effort? A. propaganda campaigns B. repressive legislation C. National Civil Liberties Bureau D. loyalty leagues
C
What was the inciting event that led to the Chicago Race Riot of 1919? A. a strike at a local factory B. a protest march of black activists C. the murder of a black boy who swam too close to a white beach D. the assault of a white man on a streetcar by black youths
C
Which of the following best describes Roosevelt's attempts to push his political agenda in the last months of Hoover's presidency? A. Roosevelt spoke publicly on the issue of direct relief. B. Roosevelt met privately with Hoover to convince him to institute certain policy shifts before his presidency ended. C. Roosevelt awaited his inauguration before introducing any plans. D. Roosevelt met secretly with members of Congress to attempt to win their favor
C
Which of the following demands did the Soviet Union make of Britain and the United States? A. the right to try all Nazi war criminals in the Soviet Union B. the invasion of North Africa to help the Soviet Union's ally Iraq C. the invasion of western Europe to draw German forces away from the Soviet Union D. the right to place Communist Party leaders in charge of the German government
C
Which of the following did not influence the eventual passage of the Nineteenth Amendment? A. women's contributions to the war effort B. the dramatic tactics and harsh treatment of radical suffragists C. the passage of the Volstead Act D. the arguments of President Wilson's daughter
C
Which of the following groups would not be considered "the deserving poor" by social welfare groups and humanitarians in the 1930s? A. vagrant children B. unemployed workers C. stock speculators D. single mothers
C
Which of the following protests was directly related to federal policies, and thus had the greatest impact in creating a negative public perception of the Hoover presidency? A. the Farm Holiday Association B. the Ford Motor Company labor strikes C. the Bonus Expeditionary Force D. the widespread appearance of "Hooverville" shantytowns
C
_______ ___________ was quoted saying, "The man who builds a factory builds a temple. The man who works there worships there."
Calvin Coolidge
By 1915, the _________ ___________ consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria
Central Powers
Father _________ ____________ was Michigan's "radio priest" and founder of the national Union.
Charles Coughlin
Hoover's vice-president _________ _______ was a member of the Kaw Tribe and became the country's first Native American to hold so high an elected office.
Charles Curtis
The most celebrated aeronautical hero of the 1920s was _________ ____________, who was the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic.
Charles Lindbergh
Who was the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean? A. Orville Wright B. Jim Thorpe C. Charlie Chaplin D. Charles Lindbergh
Charles Lindbergh
Hoover appointed ____________ _________ as the new commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and advocated, for Native American self-sufficiency and full assimilation as Americans under the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924.
Charles Rhoads
During WWI, Colonel ___________ ___________ of the Tenth Cavalry divison served as the highest-ranking African American officer
Charles Young
During the "Red Summer" of 1919, northern cities recorded twenty-five bloody race riots that killed over 250 people. Among these was the ___________ Race Riot of 1919, where a White mob stoned a young Black boy to death because he swam too close to the "White beach" on one of the Great Lakes
Chicago
as World War I, began to unfold, and European nations largely abandoned their imperialistic interests in order to marshal their forces for self-defense, Japan demanded that _______ succumb to a Japanese protectorate over their entire nation.
China
Created in 1933, the ____________ __________________ ________ provided jobs in national parks, national forests, and other federally owned lands. After initial anxieties, it was an extremely popular program. By the time it was disbanded in 1942, 500,000 men between the ages of 18 and 25 had passed through it
Civilian Conservation Corps
The ___________ ________________ _______ Relief Act and provided government jobs for young men aged fourteen to twenty-four who came from relief families. They would earn thirty dollars per month planting trees, fighting forest fires, and refurbishing historic sites and parks, building an infrastructure that families would continue to enjoy for generations to come.
Civilian Conservation Corps
The silent movies of the early 1920s gave rise to the first generation of movie stars. Rudolph Valentino, the lothario with the bedroom eyes, and ______ _______, the "It Girl" with sex appeal, filled the imagination of millions of American moviegoers.
Clara Bow
The Scopes Trail saw public opinion support that defense attorney _________ ___________ had gotten the better of prosecutor William Jennings Bryan in the arguments
Clarence Darrow
Hoover shaped the _______ ________________ released in 1930 which largely repudiated the previous Roosevelt Corollary, establishing a basis for unlimited American military intervention throughout Latin America
Clark Memorandum
Hoover's repudiation of the Roosevelt Corollary that justified American military intervention in Latin American affairs; this memorandum improved relations with America's neighbors by reasserting that intervention would occur only in the event of European interference in the Western Hemisphere
Clark Memorandum
the prolonged period of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union, based on ideological conflicts and competition for military, economic, social, and technological superiority, and marked by surveillance and espionage, political assassinations, an arms race, attempts to secure alliances with developing nations, and proxy wars
Cold War
William Jennings Bryan negotiated friendly relations with ________, including a $25 million apology for Roosevelt's actions during the Panamanian Revolution, and worked to establish effective self-government in the Philippines in preparation for the eventual American withdrawal
Colombia
An angry Pancho Villa turned against President Wilson, and on March 9, 1916, led a fifteen-hundred-man force across the border into New Mexico, where they attacked and burned the town of _____________.
Columbus
eleven "unfriendly witnesses" were called to testify before Congress about ________________ in the film industry in October 1947, only playwright Bertolt Brecht answered questions.
Communism
In 1917, President Wilson sent troops to ____ to protect American-owned sugar plantations from attacks by rebels; the troops remained there for four years.
Cuba
During World War II, unionized workers agreed ________. A. to work without pay B. to go without vacations or days off C. to live near the factories to save time commuting D. to keep production going by not striking
D
The NAACP lawyer who became known as "Mr. Civil Rights" was ________. A. Earl Warren B. Jackie Robinson C. Orval Faubus D. Thurgood Marshall
D
The Truman administration tried to help Europe recover from the devastation of World War II with the ________. A. Economic Development Bank B. Atlantic Free Trade Zone C. Byrnes Budget D. Marshall Plan
D
Which of the following hardships did African Americans not typically face during the Great Depression? A. lower farm wages in the South B. the belief that white workers needed jobs more than their black counterparts C. white workers taking historically "black" jobs, such as maids and janitors D. widespread race riots in large urban centers
D
Which of the following phrases best characterizes Herbert Hoover's foreign policy agenda? A. interventionist, in terms of unwanted interference in other nations' affairs B. militaristic, in terms of strengthening American armed forces C. isolationist, in terms of preventing America's interaction with other nations D. mutual respect, in terms of being available to support others when called upon, but not interfering unnecessarily in their affairs
D
Which of the following policies did Roosevelt not include among his early ideas for a New Deal? A. public works B. government regulation of the economy C. elimination of the gold standard D. aid to farmers
D
The Scopes Monkey Trial revolved around a law that banned teaching about ________ in public schools. A. the Bible B. Darwinism C. primates D. Protestantism
Darwinism
During prohibition, the ____________ party found itself deeply divided between urban, northern "wets" who hated the idea of who favored the amendment
Democratic
Historians identify the election of 1932, as the beginning of a new ____________ _________ bringing together African Americans, other ethnic minorities, and organized labor as a voting bloc upon whom the party would rely for many of its electoral victories over the next fifty years.
Democratic coalition
The Glass-Steagall Act created the Federal __________ ___________ Corporation.
Deposit Insurance
The __________ __ campaign called on African Americans to accomplish the two "V's" : Victory over America's foreign enemies and victory over racism in the United States
Double V
area in the middle of the country that had been badly over farmed in the 1920s and suffered from a terrible drought that coincided with the Great Depression; the name came from the "black blizzard" of topsoil and dust that blew through the area
Dust Bowl
__________ __ ______________ in a 1961 speech, warned about the growth of the military industrial complex, the matrix of relationships between officials in the Department of Defense and executives in the defense industry who all benefited from increases in defense spending
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Many parents in the 1950s regarded rock and roll as a threat to American values. When _______ _______ appeared on the Ed Sullivan Show, the camera deliberately focused on his torso and did not show his swiveling hips or legs shaking in time to the music
Elvis Presley
The _____________ ____________ Act of 1933 officially took the country off the gold standard, a restrictive practice that, although conservative and traditionally viewed as safe, severely limited the circulation of paper money.
Emergency Banking
In an effort to protect U.S. agriculture and other businesses threatened by lower-priced imports, Harding pushed through the ___________ _______ of 1921.
Emergency Tariff
The Wagner-Peyser Act, created the United States _________________ _________, which promised states matching funds if they created local employment opportunities
Employment service
the plane that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima
Enola Gay
Which amendment did Alice Paul promote to end gender discrimination? A. Prohibition Amendment B. Equal Rights Amendment C. Sheppard-Towner Amendment D. Free Exercise Amendment
Equal Rights Amendment
German Field Marshal _____________ ____________ was known as the "Desert Fox" and was forced later in the war to commit suicide for his support of the overthrow/assassination of Adolf Hitler
Erwin Rommel
When Birmingham police chief ________ __________ used nightsticks, high-pressure hoses, and attack dogs on civil rights protestors there was a wave of revulsion globally
Eugene Connor
the order given by President Roosevelt to relocate and detain people of Japanese ancestry, including those who were American citizens
Executive Order 9066
President Harry Truman's program of economic and social reform
Fair Deal
The political ideology of __________ places a heightened focus on national unity, through dictatorial rule
Fascism
a political ideology that places a heightened focus on national unity, through dictatorial rule, and militarism
Fascism
Cuban revolutionary leader _____ ______ came to power on January 1, 1959
Fidel Castro
Many young women of the era shed their mother's morality and adopted the dress and mannerisms of a ________, the Jazz Age female stereotype, seeking the endless party.
Flapper
President Wilson's postwar plan for European recovery and cooperation was known as the ____________ ______
Fourteen Points
__________ _________ was the first female member of any presidential cabinet and served as Roosevelt's Secretary of Labor for the entirety of his administration.
Frances Perkins
_____________ ____________was the first woman to become part of a president's cabinet
Frances Perkins
Dr. ___________ _______________ recommended paying every citizen over sixty who retired from work the sum of $200 per month, provided they spent it in thirty days.
Francis Townsend
In the 1920 U.S Presidential election the Democrats nominated Ohio governor James Cox, who chose, for his Vice Presidential mate, the young Assistant Secretary of the Navy __________ __________ ___________
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
In 1929, New York Governor __________ ___________ was the first to institute a Department of Welfare in their state.
Franklin Roosevelt
Before the end of World War II, Congress had passed one of the most significant and far-reaching pieces of legislation to ease veterans transition into civilian life: the Servicemen's Readjustment Act, also known as the ________
G.I Bill
a program that gave substantial benefits to those who served in World War II
GI Bill
Commander of the Seventh and later the Third Army in Europe in World War II, General _________ ________ was probably the best American battlefield commander.
George Patton
In the course of the turmoil that shook Russia in the midst of World War I, the newly established Bolshevik government gave up extensive territories in Russia's western borderlands in return for peace with ___________ in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Germany
In April 1950, Stalin finally gave permission to North Korea's leader _____ ___ _____ to invade South Korea and provided the North Koreans with weapons and military advisors.
Kim Il Sung
On February 15, 1933, after Roosevelt delivered a speech from his open car in Miami's Bayfront Park, local Italian brick layer ___________ _______ emerged from a crowd of well-wishers to fire six shots from his revolver.
Giuseppe Zangara
In June 1933 the _______ - ________ Banking Act was signed into law, thus prohibiting commercial banks from engaging in investment banking, therefore stopping the practice of banks speculating in the stock market with deposits.
Glass Steagall
The German invasion of Belgium drew ______ _________ into the war.
Great Britain
The mass movement of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North, as they searched for new job opportunities, is often referred to as the ________ ______________
Great Migration
In 1915, when a revolution in _____ resulted in the murder of the nations president and threatened the safety of New York banking interests in the country, President Wilson sent over three hundred U.S. Marines to establish order.
Haiti
nickname for the decorated, all-Black 369th Infantry, which served on the frontlines of France for six months, longer than any other American unit
Harlem Hellfighters
The celebration of African American cultural awareness, including literature, art, and music is known as the ________ ________________
Harlem Renaissance
Head of the Food Administration _________ __________ encouraged "meatless Mondays," "Wheatless Wednesdays," as a volunteer effort to help win the war
Herbert Hoover
____________ on August 6th and ___________ on August 9th, 1945 became the first and only cities to date to have been attacked with atomic bombs.
Hiroshima, Nagasaki
small town north of Los Angeles, California, whose reliable sunshine and cheaper production costs attracted filmmakers and producers starting in the 1910s; by the 1920s, Hollywood was the center of American movie production with five movie studios dominating the industry
Hollywood
Former governor of Louisiana _______ _______, advocated his "Share Our Wealth Society" during the 1930s
Huey Long
a term coined by Winston Churchill to refer to portions of Eastern Europe that the Soviet Union had incorporated into its sphere of influence and that no longer were free to manage their own affairs
Iron Curtain
Republicans who opposed the Treaty of Versailles on all grounds
Irreconcilables
__________ ____________ broke the color barrier in major league baseball in 1947
Jackie Robinson
in 1947, ____________ ____________ became the first African American to play professional baseball in the National League of Major league Baseball
Jackie Robinson
the Treaty of Versailles that officially concluded World War I and it resembled little of President Wilson's original Fourteen Points. The __________, French, and British succeeded in carving up many of Germany's colonial holdings in Africa and Asia.
Japanese
Born out of the African American community, ____ was a uniquely american music
Jazz
During the great depression the American Red Cross did exist, but chairman ______ ________ ______ contended that unemployment was not an "Act of God" but rather an "Act of Man" and therefore refused to get involved in widespread direct relief efforts
John Barton Payne
In the early days of the Great Depression the Chairman of the American Red Cross _______ _______ _______ contended that unemployment was not an "Act of God" but rather an "Act of Man," and therefore refused to get involved in widespread direct relief efforts.
John Barton Payne
In March 1965, the Reverend Hosea Williams and _______ ________ organized a voting rights march from Selma to Montgomery, where the Alabama police beat the marchers with whips, nightsticks, and cattle prods.
John Lewis
This spending program accorded with the theories advocated by ________ _________ ____________,argued that government intervention could smooth out the business cycle through deficitspending and the manipulation of interest rates
John Maynard Keynes
from 1941-1945, the Soviet Union was led by _________ ________, Great Britain's leader was __________ _________ and the president of the United States was Franklin Roosevelt and were collectively known as the "big three" allies.
Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill
Woodrow Wilson's idea for a group of countries that would promote a new world order and territorial integrity through open discussions, rather than intimidation and war
League of Nations
suburban housing developments consisting of acres of mass-produced homes
Levittowns
the nickname for the nine African American high school students who first integrated Little Rock's Central High School
Little Rock Nine
Known as the _____ _____________, writers like F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Sinclair Lewis, Edith Wharton, and John Dos Passos expressed their hopelessness and despair by skewering the middle class in their work.
Lost Generation
The "______ _____________" was a group of disillusioned American writers in the 1920s who wrote some of the most effective literature during this time of a unique, prosperous, and discontented moment in American history and literature, several lived in Europe to escape the commercialism in the United States
Lost Generation
German U-boats attacked the British passenger ship, RMS ___________, on its way from New York to Liverpool on May 7, 1915
Lusitania
the Hoover-Stimson Doctrine, which announced that the United States would never recognize claims to territories seized by force a direct response to the recent Japanese invasion of ______________ .
Manchuria
The ______________ ____________ was the code name given to the huge, expensive, secret development of the first atomic bomb. It began in three locations in 1939 with hundreds of scientists
Manhattan Project
Woodrow Wilson wished to keep the United States ___________ at the outbreak of World War I primarily because he wanted to arbitrate among the combatants and to influence the settlement of the war
Neutral
In 1949, _____ __________ led a successful communist revolution in China
Mao Zedong
__________ ____________ rejected integration with white America, focused on self-help and self-determination, promoted African nationalism, and founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association
Marcus Garvey
a program giving billions of dollars of U.S. aid to European countries to prevent them from turning to Communism
Marshall Plan
During the 1950s the growing number of cars on the road changed consumption patterns, and drive-in and drive-through convenience stores, restaurants, and movie theatres began to dot the landscape. The first _____________ opened in San Bernardino, California, in 1954 to cater to drivers in a hurry.
McDonalds
The Battle of ___________ was the turning point of the war in the Pacific.
Midway
the Farm Holiday Association led by _____ _____, was an organization that held significant sway among farmers in Iowa, Nebraska, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and the Dakotas.
Milo Reno
During the Great Depression, one-fourth of the entire state of ______________ was auctioned off in a single day at a foreclosure auction in April 1932
Mississippi
first car produced by the Ford Motor Company that took advantage of the economies of scale provided by assembly-line production and was therefore affordable to a large segment of the population
Model T
According to the text, if it is indeed true that Truman had political motivations for using the bombs, then the destruction of ___________ might have been the first salvo of the Cold War with the Soviet Union.
Nagasaki
To the benefit of industrial workers, Roosevelt signed into law the Wagner Act, also known as the ______________ _________ ____________ ______ to once again protect American workers' right to unionize and bargain collectively, as well as to provide a federal vehicle for labor grievances to be heard.
National Labor Relations Board
Hoover did give special attention to the improvement of ___________ ____________ conditions, beginning with his election of Charles Curtis as his vice-president running mate in the 1928 election
Native American
_________ _______ in the wake of the postwar riots and promoted a "Back to Africa" movement. To return African Americans to a presumably more welcoming home in Africa, Garvey founded the Black Star Steamship Line.
Negro Nationalism
notion that African Americans had a distinct and separate national heritage that should inspire pride and a sense of community
Negro nationalism
_______ ______ and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian-born anarchists who were tried in the midst of the anti-immigrant hysteria sweeping the country in 1921 and later executed in 1927despite their numerous appeals and suspected innocence
Nicola Sacco
In hard-hit Oklahoma, thousands of farmers packed up what they could and walked or drove away from the land they thought would be their future. They, along with other displaced farmers from throughout the Great Plains, became known as "________."
Okies
A military operation of unprecedented scale in assembling a massive force of soldiers, weapons, and a transportation fleet for the invasion of western Europe in World War II. Operation _________ culminated in D-Day, June 6, 1944 on the beaches of Normandy
Overlord
Germany's president, _________ _____ _______________, at the urging of large industrialists who feared a Communist uprising, appointed Hitler to the position of chancellor in January 1933.
Paul von Hindenburg
According to the text, While the employment of single and unmarried women had largely won social acceptance, married women often suffered the stigma that they were working for _____ money—frivolous additional discretionary income.
Pin
In 1932, as conditions worsened, Hoover eventually relaxed his opposition to federal relief and formed the _________________ __________ __________________, setting aside $2 billion in taxpayer money to rescue banks, credit unions, and insurance companies.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
The __________________ ____________________ __________________ only lent money to banks with sufficient collateral, which meant that most of the federal aid went to large banks
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Over eighteen thousand American women served as ___ _____ nurses, providing much of the medical support available to American troops in France.
Red Cross
term used to describe the fear that Americans felt about the possibility of a Bolshevik revolution in the United States; fear over Communist infiltrators led Americans to restrict and discriminate against any forms of radical dissent, whether Communist or not
Red Scare
During the "____ ______" of 1919, northern cities recorded twenty-five bloody race riots that killed over 250 people
Red Summer
Republicans who would support the Treaty of Versailles if sufficient amendments were introduced that could eliminate Article X
Reservationists
On December 1, 1955 police arrested ______ ______, for refusing to give her seat on a bus to a white person
Rosa Parks
a symbol of female workers in the defense industries
Rosie the Riveter
At the start of the Great War the Triple Entente included an alliance of France, Great Britain, and _________
Russia
The outbreak of the ________ Revolution in February 1917 and the abdication of the royal monarch in March raised the prospect of democracy in the Eurasian empire and removed an important moral objection for the United States to entering the war on the side of the Allies
Russian
1925 trial of John Scopes for teaching evolution in a public school; the trial highlighted the conflict between rural traditionalists and modern urbanites
Scopes Monkey Trial
In 1931, nine African American boys were falsely accused of raping two white women and sentenced to death in _________________, _____________
Scottsboro Alabama
reference to the infamous trial in Scottsboro, Alabama in 1931, where nine African American boys were falsely accused of raping two White women and sentenced to death; the extreme injustice of the trial, particularly given the age of the boys and the inadequacy of the testimony against them, garnered national and international attention
Scottsboro Boys
n 1929, Albert Fall was convicted of bribery while holding the position of ________. A. Secretary of the Interior B. head of the Veterans' Bureau C. Secretary of the Treasury D. Secretary of Commerce
Secretary of the Interior
The section of the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 that obligated employees to bargain with labor unions approved by a majority of employees. When the Supreme Court declared the NRA unconstitutional, Congress re-enacted __________ ___ as the Wagner Act of 1935
Section 7a
The biggest political threat to Roosevelt, however, came from corrupt but beloved Louisiana senator Huey "Kingfish" Long, he stated that the president was not doing enough to help people and proposed his own _______ _____ ________ program.
Share Our Wealth
The popularization of which psychologist's ideas encouraged the new morality of the 1920s? A. Sigmund Freud B. Alice Paul C. W. E. B. Du Bois D. Margaret Sange
Sigmund Freud
Hoover signed into law the _________-________ ________ Act in June of 1930. The law raised tariffs on thousands of imports, which was intended to increase sales of American-made goods, but predictably angered foreign trade partners who in turn raised their tariffs on American imports.
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
Name given to the federal program that beginning in 1935, provided pensions for the elderly. Federal old age pensions were not in the New Deal's original plans; the Democratic Party established ________ ____________ because of the popularity of an unrealistic pension plan advocated by Dr. Francis Townsend of California
Social Security
In order to maintain a coalition of Democrats to support his larger relief and recovery efforts, Roosevelt could not afford to alienate _____________ ______________ who might easily bolt should he openly advocate for civil rights.
Southern Democrats
The ______________ ___________ ___________ ________ was an interracial organization that sought to gain government relief for these most disenfranchised of farmers, such as sharecroppers and tenant farmers.
Southern Tenant Farmers Union
After World War II, the only nation that could rival the United States was the _________ ________.
Soviet Union
the first manmade orbital satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in October 1957
Sputnik
After the election of 1936, Roosevelt chose to exact a measure of revenge against the U.S Supreme Court for challenging his programs and to pressure them against challenging his more recent Second New Deal provisions. To this end, Roosevelt created the informally named "______________ _______ __________ Plan"
Supreme Court Packing
Roosevelt's plan, after being reelected, to pack the Supreme Court with an additional six justices, one for every justice over seventy who refused to step down
Supreme Court Packing Plan
bribery scandal involving Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall in 1923
Teapot Dome scandal
Regionally, Roosevelt's work was most famously seen in the _______________ ________ ___________ , a federal agency tasked with the job of planning and developing the area through flood control, reforestation, and hydroelectric power.
Tennessee Valley Authority
federal agency tasked with the job of planning and developing the area through flood control, reforestation, and hydroelectric power projects
Tennessee Valley Authority
During the Eisenhower administration and beyond, the relief of some in the U>S government was that neighbors to Communist nations, were likely to succumb to the same allegedly dangerous and infectious ideology. This view is known as _____ __________ _______
The Domino Theory
Which of the following films released in 1927 was the first successful talking motion picture? A. The Clansman B. The Great Gatsby C. The Jazz Singer D. The Birth of a Nation
The Jazz Singer
Which of the following was not enacted in order to secure men and materials for the war effort? A. the Food Administration B. the Selective Service Act C. the War Industries Board D. The Sedition Act
The Sedition Act
____________ __________ argued the case Brown v. Topeka Board of Education on behalf of the NAACP before the U.S. Supreme Court in 1954
Thurgood Marshall
The __________ __________, offered support to Greece and Turkey in the form of financial assistance, weaponry, and troops to help train their militaries and bolster their governments against Communism.
Truman Doctrine
The ___________ _____________ committed the United States to fighting communism anywhere
Truman Doctrine
The ____________ _____________ in Alabama had instituted a civilian pilot training program for aspiring African American pilots. When the war began, the Department of War absorbed the program and adapted it to train combat pilots.
Tuskegee Institute
In order to pursue his goal of using American influence overseas only when it was a moral imperative, Wilson put which man in the position of Secretary of State? A. Charles Hughes B. Theodore Roosevelt C. William Jennings Bryan D. John Pershing
William Jennings Bryan
a program run by Harry Hopkins that provided jobs for over eight million Americans from its inception to its closure in 1943
Works Progress Administration
The _______________ ______________ of early 1917 was an intercepted message from the German government to the Mexican government, inviting the latter to join Germany in war against the United States with the promise of regaining Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.
Zimmermann telegram
The mass consumption of cars, household appliances, ready to wear clothing, and processed foods depended heavily on the work of _____________
advertisers
the policy of giving in to threats and aggression in the hopes that the aggressor will be satisfied and make no more demands
appeasement
a marked increase in the U.S. birthrate during 1946-1964
baby boom
A ______ ____ occurred when a large number of individuals or investors withdrew money from a bank due to fears of the bank's instability, with the ironic effect of increasing the bank's vulnerability to failure
bank run
Margaret Sanger, the founder of Planned Parenthood, launched an information campaign on _______ _______ to give women a choice in the realm in which suffrage had changed little—the family.
birth control
a list of people suspected of having Communist sympathies who were denied work as a result
blacklist
nineteenth-century term for the illegal transport of alcoholic beverages that became popular during prohibition
bootlegging
The United States and Mexican governments instituted the "____________" program on August 4, 1942, which sought to address the needs of California growers for manual labor to increase food production during wartime.
bracero
expression used by Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes in the case of Schenck v. United States to characterize public dissent during wartime, akin to shouting "fire!" in a crowded theater
clear and present danger
Navajo marines served in communications units, exchanging information over radios using codes based on their native language, which the Japanese were unable to comprehend or to crack. They became known as ______ _________ and participated in the battles of Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Peleliu, and Tarawa.
code talkers
those who, for religious or philosophical reasons, refuse to serve in the armed forces
conscientious objectors
According to the policy of _____________, as laid out by George Kennan, the U.S. was committed to preventing the spread of communism
containment
the removal of laws and policies requiring the separation of different racial or ethnic groups
desegregation
The increased prosperity of the 1920s gave many Americans more ___________ __________ to spend on entertainment
disposable income
the theory that if Communism made inroads in one nation, surrounding nations would also succumb one by one, like a chain of dominos toppling one another
domino theory
After decades of organizing to reduce or end the consumption of alcohol in the United States, temperance groups and the Anti-Saloon League finally succeeded in pushing through the ______________ _________________ in 1919, which banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquors.
eighteenth amendment
someone who lives outside of their home country
expatriate
President Roosevelt's ____________ chats were particularly important because they enabled him to explain complex issues in plain language
fireside
On March 12, the day before the banks were set to reopen, Roosevelt held his first " ____________ ______" In this initial radio address to the American people, he explained what the bank examiners had been doing over the previous week.
fireside chat
By the time Hoover left office in 1933, the poor survived not on relief efforts, but because they had learned to be ______
poor
the campaign for a ban on the sale and manufacturing of alcoholic beverages, which came to fruition during the war, bolstered by anti-German sentiment and a call to preserve resources for the war effort
prohibition
The new medium for advertisers in the 1920s, the one that would reach out to consumers in radically new and innovative ways, was the ______
radio
According to the text, the electric motor gave way to newly developed innovations like radios, phonographs, vacuum cleaners, washing machines, and ____________ emerged on the market during the 1920s.
refrigerators
a musical form popular among the baby boomers that encompassed styles ranging from county to blues, and embraced themes such as youthful rebellion and love
rock and roll
Coolidge's presidency was characterized by ________. A. scandal and dishonesty B. silence and inactivity C. flamboyancy and extravagance D. ambition and greed
silence and inactivity
According to the text, While the First New Deal focused largely on stemming the immediate suffering of the American people, the Second New Deal put in place legislation that changed America's _________ safety net for good.
social
the practice of investing in risky financial opportunities in the hopes of a fast payout due to market fluctuations
speculation
the political belief that states possess authority beyond federal law, which is usually seen as the supreme law of the land, and thus can act in opposition to federal law
states' rights
Throughout the United States, from the fall of 1918 to the spring of 1919, fear of ___ ___ gripped the country. Americans avoided public gatherings, children wore surgical masks to school, and undertakers ran out of coffins and burial plots in cemeteries.
the flu
On January 31, 1917, Germany announced that it was resuming _____________ ______________ warfare
unrestricted submarine
Small family gardens, dubbed ________ gardens, when the federal government promoted them as a contribution to the war effort during World War II
victory
