Final Exam Bio 110
Which of the following is true concerning the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis?
The light reactions occur at the thylakoid membrane and the dark reactions occur in the stroma.
Which of the following is true of exergonic reactions?
The free energy of the products is less than the free energy of the reactants.
A symporter is a carrier protein that will
transport 2 different molecular species in the same direction at the same time.
The primary reservoir for hydrogen and oxygen is
water
Reactions with high activation energies will
occur at a slower rate than reactions with lower activation energies.
As the radius of a spherical cell #1, its volume increases #2, and the ability of the cell to successfully support its metabolism #3.
#1=increases, #2=more slowly than, #3=decreases
What would the net electrical charge of an atom with 4 protons, 5 neutrons, and 5 electrons be?
-1
At a pH of 6, the concentration of protons in solution is
10 times higher than it is at a pH of 7
Because of inefficient energy transfer from trophic level to trophic level, what is the maximum number of trophic levels an ecosystem can have?
4
One water molecule can hydrogen bond with a maximum of _______ other water molecules.
4
How much energy is lost when it is transferred from 1 trophic level to the next?
90%
What is the definition of a Bronsted-Lowry acid?
A molecule that donates a proton into solution.
Which of the following is/are true concerning the light reactions of photosynthesis?
ADP and Pi & glucose are outputs .
Which of the following is NOT a form(s) of kinetic energy?
ATP, glucose, a stored concentration gradient of a molecule
Exergonic reactions
Being exergonic does not determine the rate of a reaction.
Animal cells are growing in an incubator at 37C. The cells are then placed into an incubator at 47C. In response to being heated, how will the cells likely respond?
By generating membrane phospholipids with fatty acid chains that have fewer C=C double bonds. (unsaturations)
Animal cells are growing in an incubator at 37C. The cells are then placed into an incubator at 47C. In response to being heated, how will the cells likely respond?
By generating membrane phospholipids with longer fatty acid chains.
Once the blood-brain barrier is bypassed, how are substances able to enter the brain tissue?
By moving through the gaps between capillary wall cells.
What do facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common?
Carrier proteins are used in both facilitated diffusion and active transport.
How are cows able to digest cellulose for energy?
Contain microorganisms in their digestive system that make the enzymes necessary to digest cellulose.
Which of the following is true of cell membrane fluidity?
Fluidity can be regulated by varying the length and degree of saturation in the fatty acid chains of membrane phospholipids.
Histones are proteins that bind to chromosomal DNA in the nucleus. Based on that knowledge, which of the following is true?
Histone proteins will be synthesized by ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
Which of the following is true about osmosis?
In the case of a cell, the direction of osmosis may be predicted if the ψs inside and outside of a cell is known. ; Osmosis refers to the movement of water molecules across a semi permeable barrier.
Animal cells are growing in an incubator at 37C. The cells are then placed into an incubator at 47C. Which of the following is likely to happen?
Initially, the plasma membrane of the cells become more fluid.
What is true about the first electron carrier (EC) is an electron transport chain (ETC)?
It will have less affinity for electrons than any of the other ECs in the ETC.
Which of the following characterize a single water molecule?
Its oxygen atom has a partial negative charge.
Which of the following is true of lysosomes?
Lysosomes may be used to break down "worn out" organelles, and they contain enzymes that hydrolyze polymers.
Are plant cell walls chemically similar to prokaryotic cell walls? How are they the same or different?
No, plant cell walls are made of cellulose and bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycans.
What statement best describes non polar molecules?
Nonpolar molecules are hydrophobic and do not mix with water molecules
All cells fall into one of 2 broad categories. What are they?
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Which are functions associated with proteins?
Proteins can function as enzymes, signaling molecules, structural molecules, and transport molecules.
What macromolecules are single stranded?
RNA
What is true about reduction and oxidation reactions?
Reduced molecules gain an electron, oxidized molecules lose an electron, and reduction/oxidation reactions are always coupled together.
Cellulose and starch are both polymers of glucose. How are they different?
Starch is an energy storage molecule and a polymer of a-glucose, while cellulose is mainly structural polysaccharide and a polymer of B-glucose.
What best describes exergonic reactions
They are never spontaneous.
What is most likely true of phospholipids that will become part of a cell's phospholipid membrane?
They are synthesized in the smooth ER and sent to the plasma membrane by exocytosis.
What is true of chemoheterotrophs?
They get their carbon and their energy from organic molecules.
What is true of photoheterotrophs?
They get their energy from light and their carbon from organic molecules.
What best describes the nature of the nuclear membrane?
a double phospholipid bilayer
If the covalent bonds in a water molecule were non polar, what form would water likely take at room temperature?
a gas
What term best describes an ATP molecule?
a nucleotide
Prokaryotic cells do not have
an endomembrane network or a membrane bound nucleus
Which option below shows the correct order from smallest to largest in size? (left to right)
atoms, macromolecules, viruses, prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells
Which of the following elements can be found in every type of macromolecule?
carbon and oxygen
Creating ATP from ADP + Pi is coupled to
exergonic reactions
Which has physical contact with the plasma membrane of cells?
extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton, and integral proteins
What are the monomers of a triglyceride?
glycerol and fatty acids
Which option below represents a macromolecule bonded together by a-linkages?
glycogen
Which option(s) below represent an energy storage polymer made only by animals?
glycogen
Breaking macromolecules back down into their individual monomers requires
hydrolysis reactions
Catalysts such as enzymes
increase the rates at which reactions occur by lowering the activation energy of the reactions.
Lipids bilayer membranes are more permeable to some types of molecules than others. Which option below gives the correct order (from left to right) starting with the types of molecules that LBMs are the least permeable to and ending with the types of molecules that LBMs are the most permeable to?
ions, small polar molecules, non-polar molecules
Which of the following is/are true concerning the light reactions of photosynthesis?
light and water are inputs
When ψs is high, solute concentration is
low
Usuable forms of nitrogen enter into ecosystems through
nitrogen fixation by bacteria
Which of the following is found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
plasma (cell) membrane and ribosomes
Which of the following is/are biotic components(s) of an ecosystem?
producers
Which of the following is NOT a function of the extracellular matrix?
reinforcing structures within cells that allow mobile cells to move
To be considered alive an organism MUST be able to
reproduce & grow and metabolize
Producers always occupy which trophic level of an ecosystem?
the first trophic level
The photo-bleaching experiments we discussed in class demonstrated
the fluid mosaic model of plasma membranes.
Creating ATP from ADP + Pi is an example of a reaction in which
the free energy of the product is greater than the free energy of the reactants.
Where precisely are ribosomes assembled in eukaryotic cells?
the nucleolus
Evert Gorter's experiment with RBCs demonstrated
the plasma membrane are phospholipid bilayers.
Within the chloroplast there is a thick substance called
the stroma
The enthalpy of a molecule describes
the total amount of energy contained in the molecule
Evert Gorter's experiment with red blood cells (RBCs) in his experiment for several good reasons. Which reason is the most important reason?
within an individual organism all RBCs are the same size
