Final Exam - EMT 115
A fractured femur can result in the loss of _______ or more of blood into the soft tissue of the thigh.
1 L
From a mental health standpoint, an abnormal or disturbing pattern of behavior is a manner of concern if it lasts for at least:
1 month
In infants and children, capillary refill time that is greater than ____ seconds is a sign of poor peripheral perfusion.
2
Which of the following is the MOST appropriate dose of activated charcoal for a 20-kg child?
20g
The usual dose for activated charcoal is up to ____ for a pediatric patient and up to ___ for an adult patient.
25g, 50g.
Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than:
6 years
The normal respiratory rate for a newborn should not exceed ___ breaths/min.
60
In order for electricity to flow through the body and cause damage:
A complete circuit must exist between the electrical source and the ground.
A ventilation/perfusion (V/Q ratio) mismatch occurs when:
A disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen.
A subluxation occurs when:
A joint is incompletely dislocated.
Mesentary is a:
A membranous fluid that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body.
Hyperventilation could be associated with all of the following, EXCEPT:
A narcotic overdose.
Which of the following statements regarding the clotting of blood is correct?
A person taking aspirin will experience slower blood clotting.
Compression injuries to the abdomen that occur during a motor vehicle crash are typically the result of:
A poorly place lap belt.
A flail chest occurs when:
A segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage.
Which of the following descriptions MOST accurately portrays emergency medical services (EMS)?
A team of healthcare professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured.
Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Absent peripheral pulses
You are transporting an Elderly woman who has possibly experienced a stroke. She is obviously scared but is unable to talk and cannot move the entire right side of her body. in addition to providing the medical care that she needs, you should:
Acknowledge that she is scared and tell her that you are going to take good care of her.
In non-trauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:
Altered mental status
Which of the following scenarios MOST accurately depicts abandonment?
An EMT transfers patient care to an ER tech.
During your monthly internal quality improvement (QI) meeting, you review several patient care reports (PCRs) with the staff of your EMS system. You identify the patients name, age, and sex, and then discuss the treatment that was provided by the EMTs in the field. By taking this approach to the WI process, you:
Are in violation of HIPAA because you did not remove the PHI form the PCR beforehand.
Febrile seizures:
Are usually benign but should be evaluated.
The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called:
Arterioles
You respond to a skate park where a 10-year-old male fell from his skateboard and struck his head on the ground, he was not wearing a helmet. He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has a large hematoma to the back of the head. After your partner stabilizes his head and opens his airway, you assess for breathing and determine that it is slow and irregular. His pulse is slow and bounding. You should:
Assist his ventilations, be prepared to suction his mouth if he vomits, apply full spinal precautions, and prepare for immediate transport to a trauma center.
Peritonitis, an intense inflammatory reaction of the abdominal cavity, usually occurs when:
Bacteria or viruses invade the walls of the gastrointestinal tract.
An 8-year-old female with a history of asthma continues to experience severe respiratory distress despite being given multiple doses of her prescribed albuterol by her mother. She is conscious, but clearly restless. Her heart rate is 130 beats/min. and respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min. She is receiving high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreather mask. You should:
Be prepared to assist her ventilations, transport at once, and request an ALS intercept enroute to the hospital.
An epidural hematoma is MOST accurately defined as:
Bleeding between the skill and dura mater.
Which of the following MOST accurately describes the cause of an ischemic stroke?
Blockage of the cerebral artery
The musculoskeletal system refers to the:
Bones and voluntary muscles of the body.
The phrenic nerves control the diaphragm and exit the spinal cord at:
C3, C4 and C5.
The MOST common and serious complication of a significant head injury is:
Cerebral Edema
Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following, EXCEPT:
Cerebral vasodilatioon
The _____ contain(s) about 75% of the brains total volume.
Cerebrum
Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you notice an impressive amount of blood in her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure us 98/58 mmHg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should:
Control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once.
Burns are classified according to:
Depth and Extent
Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause:
Distension
Common factors that influence how a patient reacts to the stress of an illness or injury include all the following, EXCEPT:
Distrust of the EMT.
Common side effects of epinephrine include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Drowsiness
What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body?
Epidermis
Which of the following structures is contained within the mediastinum?
Esophagus
When performing his or her duties, the EMT is generally expected to:
Exercise reasonable care and act prudently.
Which of the following statements regarding fire ants is correct?
Fire ants often bite a person repeatedly.
Which of the following is the MOST effective strategy for managing stress?
Focus on delivering high-quality patient care.
Which of the following findings would most likely indicate your patient has a patent airway?
Forceful coughing
Contraction or tensing of the abdominal muscles in an effort to ease pain is called:
Guarding
Air bags, in conjunction with properly worn seatbelts, are MOST beneficial when a person is involved in:
Head-on crash.
The cervical spine is MOST protected from whiplash-type injuries when the:
Headrest is appropriately positioned.
The ____deals with the well-being of the EMT, career progression, and EMT compensation.
Human resource department
Most poisonings occur via the __________ route.
Ingestion
A poison that enters the body by ______ is the MOST difficult to treat.
Injection
A laceration:
Is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force trauma.
In contrast to inhalation, exhalation:
Is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure
Which of the following statements regarding the Good Samaritan law is correct?
It will not protect the EMT in acts of gross negligence
Two EMTs witnessed a call in which a coworker gave adequate medical care but ignored the patients' medical needs. The coworker was deliberately rude solely because the patient was thought to be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The EMTs ignored the coworker's treatment of his patient and too no steps to prevent this behavior from happening again. this lack of action on the part of the two EMTs is considered:
Legal but unethical
Bones are connected to other bones by bands of tough fibrous connective tissues called:
Ligaments
A major benefit when using a multilumen airway device is that:
Maintenance of a mask-to-face seal is not required.
The secondary assessment of a sick or injured child:
May not be possible if child's condition is critical.
The _____ plane separates the body into equal left and right halves.
Midsagittal
If a person's tidal volume decreases, but his or her respiratory rate remains unchanged:
Minute volume will decrease.
A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a:
Nonrebreathing mask
What type of medical direction do standing orders and protocols describe?
Off-line
Which of the following fractures has the greatest potential for internal blood loss and shock?
Pelvis
When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen:
Peritonitis may not develop for several days.
Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of:
Plasma
Which of the following statements regarding plasma is correct?
Plasma transports the blood cells and nutrients.
Compared to adults, the liver and spleen of pediatric patients are more prone to injury and bleeding because they are:
Proportionally larger and situated more anteriorly.
The PASG is absolutely contraindicated in patients who have:
Pulmonary edema
You are dispatched to an apartment complex for a shooting. Law enforcement personnel are present and have the suspect in custody. You find the patient lying in a narrow space between the couch and coffee table of his small apartment. He is semiconscious and has a large gunshot wound to his chest you should:
Quickly move the coffee table so you can access and treat the patient.
A 25-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed, she has signs and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding, which of the following interventions will provide the patient with the greatest chance of survival.
Rapid transport to trauma center.
The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood of the capillaries is called:
Respiration.
Which if the following factors will cause a decreased minute volume in an adult?
Shallow breathing
The presence of tachycardia following a significant abdominal injury:
Should be assumed to be a sign of shock.
Skeletal muscle is referred to as ____ muscle.
Striated
The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT:
Systolic blood pressure
Hypovolemic shock occurs when:
The body cannot compensate for rapid blood or fluid loss.
Which of the following processes occurs during ovulation?
The inner lining of the uterus thickens in preparation for implementation.
Functions of the skin include all of the following, EXCEPT:
The production of key antibiotics.
Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen include all of the following, EXCEPT:
The speed of the fall
Which of the following occurs during true labor?
Uterine contractions become more regular
External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because:
Veins are under a low pressure
The nasal cannula is MOST appropriately used in the prehospital setting:
When the patient cannot tolerate a nonrebreathing mask.
A fracture is MOST accurately defined as a(n):
a break in the continuity of a bone
Diabetes is MOST accurately defined as a(n):
a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism
In contrast to insulin shock, diabetic coma:
can only be corrected in the hospital setting.
A fracture of the humerus just above the elbow would be described as:
distal humerus fracture
Insulin functions in the body by:
enabling glucose to enter the cells.
The term primigravida refers to a woman who:
is pregnant for the first time.
Energy of a moving object is called:
kinetic energy
A hematoma develops when:
large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged.
Febrile seizures in a child:
may indicate a serious underlying illness
A patient with an altered mental status is:
not thinking clearly is incapable of being aroused.
Before giving activated charcoal, you should:
obtain approval from medical control.
The hallmark sign of compartment syndrome is:
pain out of proportion to the injury
When a person is exposed to a cold environment:
peripheral vessels constrict and divert blood away from the skin.
If a defibrillator manufacturer claims that its device terminated ventricular fibrillation on the first shock 95% of the time, you should:
recognize that this does not mean it will save more lives.
If a nasopharyngeal airway is too long. It may:
stimulate the vagus nerve
Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include:
tachypnea and tingling in the extremities.
Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is generated when:
the cells function with adequate oxygen.
Pleural fluid is contained between the:
visceral and parietal pleurae.
Distributive shock occurs when:
widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.