Final exam - ethical decision making USU

To motivate those with power in an organization or group to address the ethical dilemma and change the organizations or groups questional behavior is to _______

" Close the circle"

If top ethics officers are seen as close confidants of the _______, then their efforts are taken more seriously in the company

CEO

The inclination towards self interest generates the cooperative transactions that are fundamental to _______

Capitalism

A set of rules, principles, standards, and policies regarding acceptable and unacceptable behavior within an organization is a(n) _______

Code of conduct

Mary a financial accountant employed at a large firm feels uncomfortable when she determines that several clients may have misrepresented some of their employers cost information to enhance the bottom line. This discomfort is an example of ________

Cognitive dissonance

Bending ones will in compliance with the behaviors others expect one to perform is _______

Conformity

_______ theory is concerned with ensuring the fairness of the processes by which we reach consensus on who has what rights

Contract

A situation involving a factory closing that Pits managers' fiduciary duty to shareholders against their ethical obligations to workers involves a _______ between teleology and deontology.

Contradiction

The _______ model is often associated with the western religious traditions of Judaism and Christianity

Deontological

An ethical approach focusing on the means of the action is called ________

Deontology

A manager engaging in _______ learning would say, "we keep having persistent problems with work or miss treatment among our suppliers. We must reconsider how we do the reviews. Do we follow up to make sure our suppliers comply with recommendations? What do we do if his supplier is not in compliance? Would we be willing to stop working with that supplier? We cannot simply site suppliers for noncompliance. We have to collaborate with them to improve their performance"

Double-loop

Learning that occurs through questioning underlying goals and assumptions is _______ learning

Double-loop

_______ theory proponents see intuitions and reasoning as separate and operating in entirely different parts of the brain

Dual-process

The _______ ensures that sentences imposed for corrupt crimes are consistent for all organizations and establish incentives for organizations to detect and prevent corporate crimes

Federal sentencing guidelines for organizations

The behavior of a system in which one action impacts additional actions is called _______

Feedback loops

An approach to ethical reasoning focusing on compassion and nurturing relationships is called _______

Feminist ethics of care

Which legislation made bribery illegal and required companies to maintain adequate international accounting systems and accurate records of transactions

Foreign corrupt practices act

The process of perceiving particular information from the environment and attaching specific meanings to it is called______

Framing

Research and experience show that people are prone to undertake ethical actions that go against their consciences because of _______ and _______ pressures

Group; organizational

_______ Is blind conformity to group ideas and practices that negate individual responsibility and ignore ethical accountability

Groupthink

The point of view that fast and slow thinking originate from a single system, with fast thinking occurring first and being predominant, and slow thinking being used to rationalize decisions, is part of the _______ perspective

Integrated

The ancient Greeks determined that _______ goods have inherent value and are good in and of themselves

Intrinsic

In novel or complex situations _________ are not a reliable guide to action

Intuitions

Some modern day thinkers doubt whether reason really governs ethical choices, pointing to a _______ approach to ethical decision making

Intuitive

_______ is 20th-century American philosopher and educator who was a major proponent of a pragmatic school of ethics that argued for deliberating our actions' consequences

John Dewey

The problem of seeing personal ethics and ethics within a business organization as separate is particularly challenging in _______ organizations

Large

Which of the following elements of organizations does not represent an instrument of control for employees

Magazine ad

Systems thinking brings to light and uncomfortable truth about ethical decision making, which is that although managers must take responsibility for addressing ethical issues, they _______ all the elements causing the issues to arise in the first place

May not control

The unthinking compliance with the dictates of powerful figures even when they're commands contradict ethics is called _______

Obedience to authority

An employee who has been designated to hear anonymous or confidential claims of ethics violations, investigate these claims, decide how the claim should be handled, and implement appropriate changes is known as a(n)

Omsbudperson

The ability to recognize repeated patterns to effect change is _______

Organizational learning

The US Congress passed the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act after investigations revealed that numerous companies were _______

Paying bribes to foreign government officials in exchange for business favors

And accounting manager's lack of concern for details coming on top of the human resources department tendency to hire careless employees is an example of_______

Positive feedback loop

The owners are the _______ of an organization, and the employees are their _______

Principals; agents

In general, social media use policies should seek to strike a balance between _______ and _______

Protecting the companies legitimate business interests; respecting employees rights to privacy and freedom of speech

Which evolutionary biologist wrote in 1976 that we have "selfish genes"

Richard Dawkins

_________ are often used by individuals to justify their ethical choices

Self serving rationalizations

Many models of human decision-making start with the premise that we act out of _______ meaning no action is ever really taken entirely out of concern for others to adhere to an abstract principle

Self-interest

Robert is a human resources director at a small high tech company and begins to recognize that workplace bullying is a problem in many groups. The situation is an example of _______

Sensebreaking

The process of applying the weight of reasons framework begins with _______

Sensebreaking

The problem of seeing personal ethics and the ethics within a business organization as separate is called the _______

Separation thesis

Intuitions enable us to carry out information process efficiently and are useful in responding to what kinds of ethical dilemmas

Simple and familiar

Thinking that is controlled, deliberate, effortful, and involving reasoning is called _______

Slow thinking

The Greek philosopher _______ said "the unexamined life is not worth living"

Socrates

To insist upon an ethical/truthful response from those who hold authority is_______

Truth to power

Ethical decisions are hard to address because they involve _______

Uncertainty

For the first time, Barry, who is an accountant representative for a bank, just witnessed a coworker making inappropriate comments to another employee about her parents and has decided what to do. This scenario is an example of a(n) ______ decision

Unstructured

Jody is a sales person and tries to maximize the benefits and minimize the harms for all the parties (customers, their families, and her employer, etc.) involved in a sales encounter. She is using a _____ approach to ethics

Utilitarian

An ethical approach focusing on the ends or consequences of actions is called _____

Utilitarianism

_____ theory strives for attaining a golden mean— the appropriate midpoint between extremes

Virtue

An approach to slow thinking is the _______ framework

Weight of reasons

Cindy is an accounting professional for a small engineering firm and notices that some of the managers do not accurately report losses in their areas of operation. She reports this misconduct to her boss, which is the companies CFO. Her actions make her a(n) _______

Whistleblower

_______ Refers to our limited cognitive capacity

Bounded rationality

The US internal revenue service (IRS) operates a program that rewards percent of recovered unpaid taxes to those who provide information about tax fraud

15 to 30

The federal sentencing guidelines stipulate that fines can be substantially reduced— by as much as _______ percent- if the company can show that it has an effective ethics program in place, and as long as the illegal behavior is promptly reported and was not committed by high-level employees.

90

When we selectively choose and focus on certain information that is deemed important while filtering out extraneous information, we are using a form of _________

Bounded rationality

The idea that a system is a group of interdependent parts that is organized to into a coherent, unified whole and exists for a specific purpose is related to_______

Systems thinking

_______ Decision making is the decision making process involving members of a team together information, present options, and assess outcomes

Team-based

The _______ model is often associated with Classical Greek thought, as Greek writers such as Plato often concerned themselves with duty

Teleological

A supply chain manager practicing _______ loop learning would examine working conditions among suppliers and also assess the cultural norms and values in home countries that regularly produce abuses

Triple