FINAL EXAM (exam 2)

Psychologists and philosophers use the word quail to refer to

a person's specific, subjective perceptual experiences

The concept of labeled lines refers to the fact that

a separate set of nerves transmits information from each sensory receptor organ to the brain

The main difference between binocular and monocular depth cues is that

binocular cues require information from both eyes, and monocular cues do not

The bending of the light by the _________ and _________ focuses a sharp image onto the retina

cornea; lense

A circadian rhythm is a

cycle of sleeping and waking that occurs approximately every 24 hours

Which side effect is most likely following the removal of a large tumor from a patient's cerebellum?

difficulty with balance and motor coordination

The__________ at the one end of the cochlea is sensitive to the vibrations of the bones of the middle ear

oval window

Nociceptors are free nerve endings that are specialized to sense

pain

Your brain's___________lobe is most involved in allowed you to feel an annoying pebble in your shoe

parietal

Damage to the left cerebral hemisphere would most likely affect a man's ability to

speak and understand language

Some of the free nerve endings in your skin are specialized to detect information about

temperature

The optic disc is the part of the retina

that has no photo receptors

Neuropathic pain is caused by

a damaged or malfunctioning nervous system

After surgery to control epilepsy, Miguel could understand people but lost his ability to speak. It is most likely that the surgery impacted his

Broca's area

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the use of the size cue for monocular depth perception?

From the back of the lecture hall, students in front row appear to smaller to you than students halfway between the front and the back.

In what brain area would a stroke be most likely to impair language comprehension?

Left temporal lobe

Your roommate wakes up and repots that she was dreaming about a large insect chasing her around your dorm room. She was most likely in__________ sleep

REM

Sensory information from the left side of the body is processed in the________and mapped onto the cortex

Right hemisphere

A _________is a physical even that a sensory receptor cell might detect, whereas a __________ is the final interpretation of that physical event

Stimulus; percept

Why would you feel pain when placing your hand on both a hot and a cold pipe at the same time?

Touch receptors are reporting the sensations of heat and cold, but the brain combines the two and perceives pain

The greatest adaptive, perceptual advantage to having two ears rather than one is that

We are more easily able to localize sounds with two ears

Which of the following examples best captures the concept of sleep debt?

You pull two "all-nighters" in a row, and the next night you sleep slightly longer than usual

Which of the following is the best example of a sensation?

Your skin receptors detect the touch of a student walking by

The key role of the central nervous system is to

analyze sensory information and control behavior

Each of us has a(n))__________ that naturally keeps track of the passage of time and is often disrupted when we travel to different time zones

biological clock

which function is most directly involved in the brainstem?

breathing

Benedict was paralyzed from the waist down in a car accident. His injury was most likely located in his_______ system

central nervous

Your ability to perceive the color of a vibrant blue sky or a red rose depends on the responses of the ________ in your retina, and your ability to find your way to the bathroom in the dark depends on the _________in your retina

cones; rods

The limbic system is mostly involved in

emotion

Xavier has a disease that disrupts the functioning of his sympathetic nervous system. A likely symptom is

failure to activate the fight-or-flight response in dangerous situations

A potential consequence of convergence is that you will be unable to

focus on an object that is very close to your face without your eyes becoming "crossed"

The primary function of the outer ear, or pinna , is to

gather sounds and direct them to the middle ear

The specialized receptor cells inside the cochlea are called

hair cells

Which brain region regulates hunger and thirst?

hypothalamus

The ___________ houses the cochlea and other organs that are important for balance

inner ear

According to the activation-synthesis about dreaming, the content of dreams results from

intensity; latency

according to the duplex theory, we use both_________differences and_____________differences

intensity; latency

The main distinction between sensation and perception is that only perception involves

interpreting what the stimulus is

Weber's fraction expresses the ________as a proportion of the original stimulus

just noticeable difference

Imagine your professor asks you to conduct an experiment in which you have to increase the intensity of a light several times and determine the smallest change in the intensity of light that your friend can detect. You are measuring your friend's

just noticeable difference (JND)

The flexible, transparent structure in the eye that helps focus an image on the back of the eye's interior is called the

lens

Photoreceptors are the

light-sensitive receptor cells in the retina

The adequate stimulus for the visiual system is_________, and the adequate stimulus for the auditory system is ________

light; sound

An absolute threshold is the

lowest intensity of a stimulus that a person can detect

Occlusion is a __________ depth cue

monocular

Messages from the central nervous system are carried muscles by

motor neurons

The poor functioning to receptors from hypocretin in the hypothalamus plays a central role in the symptoms of

narcolepsy

You would expect your pupil to be largest when you are

navigating through a dark forest at night

To demonstrate that brain stimulation can create visual illusions, a doctor would stimulate his patient's

occipital lobe

The tiny bones that vibrate along with the eardrum and transmit vibrations to the cochlea are called the

ossicles

If someone shined a flashlight into your eye, your_______would constrict

pupil

Electrical stimulation of the _________ will rouse a sleeping animal from is slumber

reticular formation

In order to answer this test item, you must read the words on this page. Detecting the black marks on the pages relies on the process of________, and the ability to interpret these black lines and curves as letters and words involves the process of________

sensation; perception

When you scrape your knee, pain is relayed from your knee to your central nervous system by

sensory neurons

A specialized sensory cell that detects stimuli is called a

sensory receptor cell

Eyes and ears are

sensory receptor organs

Your roommate walks into the kitchen rather shaken and tell you that, upon waking, she was unable to move or speak for about thirty seconds. This phenomenon is called

sleep paralysis

Stage 2 sleep is marked by the appearance of___________, trains of spikes in the EEG, and also larger single spikes called_______

sleep spindles; K complexes

You are home alone when you hear strange noises in your house. This causes your_________ system to trigger and your heart to race

somatic nervous

The key aspect of the hard problem of consciousness is the________of each individual's conscious experience

subjectivity

Your roommate has accused you of stealing money from her. Your racing heart and rapid breathing are triggered by your________nervous system

sympathetic nervous system

The main idea behind Gestalt psychology is that

the whole perception is more than just the sum of our separate sensations

The corpus callous is directly responsible for

transferring information between the left and right hemispheres

The primary function of the three bones of the middle ear is to

transmit vibrations to the inner ear

The fact that we have short, medium and long wavelength cones that each response too lights of different colors is most supportive of the _________ theory of color vision

trichromatic

The visual field is

what we can see without moving our eyes

You do not act out your vivid dreams because

your brain inhibits motor neurons, and you cannot move