FINAL EXAM (exam 2)
Psychologists and philosophers use the word quail to refer to
a person's specific, subjective perceptual experiences
The concept of labeled lines refers to the fact that
a separate set of nerves transmits information from each sensory receptor organ to the brain
The main difference between binocular and monocular depth cues is that
binocular cues require information from both eyes, and monocular cues do not
The bending of the light by the _________ and _________ focuses a sharp image onto the retina
cornea; lense
A circadian rhythm is a
cycle of sleeping and waking that occurs approximately every 24 hours
Which side effect is most likely following the removal of a large tumor from a patient's cerebellum?
difficulty with balance and motor coordination
The__________ at the one end of the cochlea is sensitive to the vibrations of the bones of the middle ear
oval window
Nociceptors are free nerve endings that are specialized to sense
pain
Your brain's___________lobe is most involved in allowed you to feel an annoying pebble in your shoe
parietal
Damage to the left cerebral hemisphere would most likely affect a man's ability to
speak and understand language
Some of the free nerve endings in your skin are specialized to detect information about
temperature
The optic disc is the part of the retina
that has no photo receptors
Neuropathic pain is caused by
a damaged or malfunctioning nervous system
After surgery to control epilepsy, Miguel could understand people but lost his ability to speak. It is most likely that the surgery impacted his
Broca's area
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the use of the size cue for monocular depth perception?
From the back of the lecture hall, students in front row appear to smaller to you than students halfway between the front and the back.
In what brain area would a stroke be most likely to impair language comprehension?
Left temporal lobe
Your roommate wakes up and repots that she was dreaming about a large insect chasing her around your dorm room. She was most likely in__________ sleep
REM
Sensory information from the left side of the body is processed in the________and mapped onto the cortex
Right hemisphere
A _________is a physical even that a sensory receptor cell might detect, whereas a __________ is the final interpretation of that physical event
Stimulus; percept
Why would you feel pain when placing your hand on both a hot and a cold pipe at the same time?
Touch receptors are reporting the sensations of heat and cold, but the brain combines the two and perceives pain
The greatest adaptive, perceptual advantage to having two ears rather than one is that
We are more easily able to localize sounds with two ears
Which of the following examples best captures the concept of sleep debt?
You pull two "all-nighters" in a row, and the next night you sleep slightly longer than usual
Which of the following is the best example of a sensation?
Your skin receptors detect the touch of a student walking by
The key role of the central nervous system is to
analyze sensory information and control behavior
Each of us has a(n))__________ that naturally keeps track of the passage of time and is often disrupted when we travel to different time zones
biological clock
which function is most directly involved in the brainstem?
breathing
Benedict was paralyzed from the waist down in a car accident. His injury was most likely located in his_______ system
central nervous
Your ability to perceive the color of a vibrant blue sky or a red rose depends on the responses of the ________ in your retina, and your ability to find your way to the bathroom in the dark depends on the _________in your retina
cones; rods
The limbic system is mostly involved in
emotion
Xavier has a disease that disrupts the functioning of his sympathetic nervous system. A likely symptom is
failure to activate the fight-or-flight response in dangerous situations
A potential consequence of convergence is that you will be unable to
focus on an object that is very close to your face without your eyes becoming "crossed"
The primary function of the outer ear, or pinna , is to
gather sounds and direct them to the middle ear
The specialized receptor cells inside the cochlea are called
hair cells
Which brain region regulates hunger and thirst?
hypothalamus
The ___________ houses the cochlea and other organs that are important for balance
inner ear
According to the activation-synthesis about dreaming, the content of dreams results from
intensity; latency
according to the duplex theory, we use both_________differences and_____________differences
intensity; latency
The main distinction between sensation and perception is that only perception involves
interpreting what the stimulus is
Weber's fraction expresses the ________as a proportion of the original stimulus
just noticeable difference
Imagine your professor asks you to conduct an experiment in which you have to increase the intensity of a light several times and determine the smallest change in the intensity of light that your friend can detect. You are measuring your friend's
just noticeable difference (JND)
The flexible, transparent structure in the eye that helps focus an image on the back of the eye's interior is called the
lens
Photoreceptors are the
light-sensitive receptor cells in the retina
The adequate stimulus for the visiual system is_________, and the adequate stimulus for the auditory system is ________
light; sound
An absolute threshold is the
lowest intensity of a stimulus that a person can detect
Occlusion is a __________ depth cue
monocular
Messages from the central nervous system are carried muscles by
motor neurons
The poor functioning to receptors from hypocretin in the hypothalamus plays a central role in the symptoms of
narcolepsy
You would expect your pupil to be largest when you are
navigating through a dark forest at night
To demonstrate that brain stimulation can create visual illusions, a doctor would stimulate his patient's
occipital lobe
The tiny bones that vibrate along with the eardrum and transmit vibrations to the cochlea are called the
ossicles
If someone shined a flashlight into your eye, your_______would constrict
pupil
Electrical stimulation of the _________ will rouse a sleeping animal from is slumber
reticular formation
In order to answer this test item, you must read the words on this page. Detecting the black marks on the pages relies on the process of________, and the ability to interpret these black lines and curves as letters and words involves the process of________
sensation; perception
When you scrape your knee, pain is relayed from your knee to your central nervous system by
sensory neurons
A specialized sensory cell that detects stimuli is called a
sensory receptor cell
Eyes and ears are
sensory receptor organs
Your roommate walks into the kitchen rather shaken and tell you that, upon waking, she was unable to move or speak for about thirty seconds. This phenomenon is called
sleep paralysis
Stage 2 sleep is marked by the appearance of___________, trains of spikes in the EEG, and also larger single spikes called_______
sleep spindles; K complexes
You are home alone when you hear strange noises in your house. This causes your_________ system to trigger and your heart to race
somatic nervous
The key aspect of the hard problem of consciousness is the________of each individual's conscious experience
subjectivity
Your roommate has accused you of stealing money from her. Your racing heart and rapid breathing are triggered by your________nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
The main idea behind Gestalt psychology is that
the whole perception is more than just the sum of our separate sensations
The corpus callous is directly responsible for
transferring information between the left and right hemispheres
The primary function of the three bones of the middle ear is to
transmit vibrations to the inner ear
The fact that we have short, medium and long wavelength cones that each response too lights of different colors is most supportive of the _________ theory of color vision
trichromatic
The visual field is
what we can see without moving our eyes
You do not act out your vivid dreams because
your brain inhibits motor neurons, and you cannot move