Final Exam Lifespan Developmental Psych

Who among the following is most likely to be a supportive, authoritative parent? Taylor who scolds her son because he has scored poorly in his math test Jenny who acts casually even when her son receives the highest score in his end-semester exams Samuel who scolds his daughter for scoring poorly than her best friend Peter who encourages his daughter to score well in exams and helps her study and do homework

Peter who encourages his daughter to score well in exams and helps her study and do homework

Who among the following is most likely to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder? Stephanie, who has been unable to sleep properly for a few weeks because of job-related stress Adam, who has been upset for a day because he performed poorly in his class test Joana, who has been feeling irritable for a couple of days because she was not invited to her friend's house party Mohan, who has been spending more time with his family and friends after finishing his studies

Stephanie, who has been unable to sleep properly for a few weeks because of job-related stress

Forty-vear-old Alana suffers from a debilitating disease with no cure. Unable to bear the pain, she requested that her doctor prescribe her a lethal dose of barbiturates. However, her doctor refused because is illegal in their state passive euthanasia assisted suicide nonvoluntary active euthanasia

assisted suicide

Miranda is skilled at drawing. She enjoys fine arts, but her parents are both physicians, and they have insisted on her becoming a doctor since she was a child. She believes it is best to listen to her parents and enters a premed program, abandoning her artistic interests. Miranda is most likely in the ________ category of identity status. moratorium identity diffusion foreclosure identity achievement

foreclosure

Alicia Lee is an American of mixed heritage. Initially, she found it confusing to be treated by some people as a foreigner, sometimes even with subtle hints of racism. Later, she connected with other people who had similar experiences. Over time, through trial and error, she found a strategy that worked best for her to deal with her confusion. Alicia Lee is in the ________ category of identity status. identity diffusion moratorium foreclosure identity achievement

identity achievement

Patrick is a skilled athlete but has always struggled with his schoolwork. Despite his best efforts, he finds scientific concepts difficult to grasp and sees his friends getting better grades than him despite studying more hours than his friends. He always wanted to follow his parents' footsteps and become a doctor. However, lately, he feels that he needs to reevaluate his choices and reconsider his strengths and weaknesses before deciding his future. Patrick is most likely in the ________ stage of psychosocial development. identity versus identity confusion ego integrity versus despair autonomy versus shame intimacy versus isolation

identity versus identity confusion

Forty-eight-year-old Amanda consults a therapist for functional fitness. Her thereof is most likely to be deemed successful if she is able to lift her grandson without feeling pain in her back. complete a walkathon without feeling exhausted compete in the senior Olympics

lift her grandson without feeling pain in her back. I

Paul and Lina have been married for 10 years. They have bought an apartment and a car, paying equally for these assets. They have built a mutual social network and have the same friends. They have shared the joy of having their first child and have got used to each other's emotional support. This scenario best illustrates the concept of marital capital. stagnation. generativity. marital schism.

marital capital.

As far as social and cultural influences on gender difference in education are concerned, differences in _______ correlate with the degree of gender equality in the society. linguistic abilities math performance reasoning skills physical fitness

math performance

Laila, a 47-year-old woman, has not experienced monthly vaginal bleeding (that occurs because of the shedding of tissue from the lining of the womb) for the past year. Her doctor informs her that her ovaries have stopped producing ova and she will no longer be able to conceive children. Which of the following is experienced by Laila in this scenario? andropause menopause menarche spermarche

menopause

Jenny has had both male and female friends while growing up. Ever since she entered her adolescence a couple of years ago, she has been feeling increasingly attracted to girls. Jenny has been scared and confused, but she has also been actively reading about homosexuality and introspecting on what her sexuality means to her. She intends to talk to a counselor to gain more clarity and accept her sexual identity without any shame. In the context of Marcia's categories of identity status, if Jenny does eventually accept her sexuality, she will move from moratorium to identity achievement. moratorium to identity diffusion. identity diffusion to foreclosure. identity achievement to foreclosure.

moratorium to identity achievement.

Hans used to be a professional acoustic guitarist, but it has been 5 years since he last played the guitar. When he resumed practice recently, he was able to play his favorite numbers with little effort. Which of the following memory systems is most likely responsible for this? sensor memory procedural memory episodic memory semantic memory

procedural memory

When he was young, Jon could wash an entire car in an hour and still have the energy to wash a second car. Now, at 50 years of age, he gets exhausted after washing just the roof and windshield of one car. This most likely signifies a decrease in his eaction range systems of action. reserve capacity crystallized intelligence

reserve capacity

In which of the following tasks is an older adult most likely to outperform a younger adult? resolving a conflict with a friend recollecting the names of the invitees to his or her last birthday party repeating a random sequence of numbers in ascending order performing a timed arithmetic test

resolving a conflict with a friend

Keith, a teenage boy, has a 3-year-old sister. When talking to her, he usually uses short sentences, speaks slowly, and often repeats the important words. He talks to his teachers in a polite and respectful way. In the context of language development in adolescents, the way Keith modulates his speech in this scenario best illustrates his skills in telegraphic speech. code mixing. cross-modal transfer. social perspective-taking.

social perspective-taking.

Jerry, a retired professor, developed symptoms of arthritic pain at 65 but was otherwise physically healthy for his age. About 5 years before his eventual death at 75, he started losing command over his previously excellent vocabulary. He began to use much simpler words, and he often failed to remember or recognize complex words. This is an example of accommodation terminal drop selective optimization

terminal drop

Ralph, a 40-year-old professor, is highly helpful. He likes to provide career guidance to his daughter's friends, and they constantly approach him for help on various topics other than academics. He is also an active member of a local nonprofitable organization aimed at creating environmental awareness. According to Erik Erikson, Ralph is most likely in the "autonomy versus shame and doubt" stage. the "generativity versus stagnation" stage. the "industry versus inferiority" stage. the "identify versus identify confusion" stage.

the "generativity versus stagnation" stage.

Nadia, a 10-year-old girl, does not like it when her father yells at her for not completing her homework on time. As a result, she usually tries to complete her homework before her father is back from work. In the context of Lawrence Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning, Nadia's reasoning for finishing her homework on time best illustrates the first stage of preconventional morality. the second stage of conventional morality. the first stage of conventional morality. the second stage of postconventional morality.

the first stage of preconventional morality.

Fifty-two-year-old Peter's youngest son leaves home and moves in with his girlfriend. Peter's other children have also moved out of their family home. In the context of the studies conducted by Gorchoff et al. (2008), in which of the following scenarios is Peter most likely to report the highest level of well-being? when his eldest daughter asks him for money when his estranged son decides to break all family ties when his children visit him frequently when his youngest son decides to return home

when his children visit him frequently

Jane and Martin discuss how their 16-year old daughter, Patty, has become secretive and rarely discloses her personal life to them. They decide that there are some things that Patty might not want to disclose to them. Which of the following are Jane and Martin likely to believe is the most important for Patty to disclose? whether she drinks alcohol or not why her room is a mess why she is refusing to accompany her younger sister to a mall how she spends her allowance money

whether she drinks alcohol or not

Which of the following statements is most likely to be used by parents when they try to elicit desired behavior using behavioral control? "You always leave your room in such a mess. You should be feeling terrible about it." "Do you even care about all the sacrifices we made for you?" "I'm so hurt that you chose to go to the communion despite knowing I don't appreciate it. Let's not talk for a while." "Please be back home by 5 p.m. We need you to attend your sister's graduation."

"Please be back home by 5 p.m. We need you to attend your sister's graduation."

Which of the following illustrates selective optimization with compensation by an older adult? Teena , an oo-year-old, moves into a retirement home to avoid social interactions Adriana, a 67-year-old, decides to spend more time on traveling the world to compensate for not having traveled in her younger days Danny, an 82-year-old. decides to spend time doing something productive for society rather than for himself as he did during most of his adult life creatinG wea Ali, a 72-year-old, plays a game of tennis against a younger person by using strategies based on his experience

Ali, a 72-year-old, plays a game of tennis against a younger person by using strategies based on his experience

Jim had been a professor for most of his career. Lately, he has started to pause a lot between conversations and often forgets what he is saying. Simple daily tasks such as making a cup of coffee seem confusing to him. One night, his family members rushed to his room when they heard him shrieking because he did not recognize himself in the mirror. These symptoms most likely place Jim at the risk of being diagnosed with atherosclerosis Alzheimers disease glaucoma

Alzheimers disease

Which of the following scenarios illustrates phased retirement? Zion, a 52-year-old software programmer, decides to quit the job before reaching full retirement age. Faith, a 56-year-old manger, decides to cut down her working hours and work only for 24 hours a week. Clara, a 50-year-old store assistant, decides to work an additional shift and increase her savings. Felix, a 60-year-old entrepreneur, decides to postpone his retirement and help his daughter with a high-profile merger.

Faith, a 56-year-old manger, decides to cut down her working hours and work only for 24 hours a week.

According to the typological approach to adult psychosocial development, who among the following young adults has the typical characteristics of ego-resilient people? Cheng, who is energetic and impulsive Fatma, who is attentive and coherent when she has a conversation with someone Angel, who is anxious and dependable Jonas, who is stubborn and can be easily distracted when performing tasks

Fatma, who is attentive and coherent when she has a conversation with someone

Which of the following candidates in a job interview displays tacit knowledge? Juan who got exceptionally high grades in college but has not been able to clear an aptitude test during the job interview Feng who is a good communicator even though she has not done well at the job interview Carolina who is extremely understanding and empathetic toward others and has got high scores in an emotional intelligence test Hamid who has given innovative answers in the interview when asked how he would manage certain job-related scenarios

Hamid who has given innovative answers in the interview when asked how he would manage certain job-related scenarios

Kenny, an 80-year-old, reads in an article that living according to the activity theory of aging is the secret to happiness in old age Which of the following changes should Kenny make to live according to the activity theory of aging? He should send most of his time at home and meditate in silence He should join a volunteer organization that helps children in the neighborhood. He should limit his activity on social media and his visits to his previous workplace

He should join a volunteer organization that helps children in the neighborhood.

Henry is a 56-year-old man. Recently, he begins to act forgetful, takes more time to process information, and fails to pay attention to others. Which of the following recommendations given by Smith et al. (2010) should Henry follow to improve his cognitive abilities? He should reduce the quantity of protein in his diet. He should regularly engage in aerobic activities such as walking, running, or cycling. He should increase the intake of carbohydrates and fats. He should start taking calcium supplements and should undergo hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

He should regularly engage in aerobic activities such as walking, running, or cycling.

Mira. a geriatric counselor. believes in the continuity theory of aging. She counsels Paul, a 45-year-old man. Which of the following advice is Mira most likely to give Paul in terms of successful aging? He should spend time pursuing a hobby that interests him and continue pursuing it even after retirement. He should focus only on moneymaking activities and keep time for leisure activities later in life He should spend time on activities that interest him and withdraw from them after retirement.

He should spend time pursuing a hobby that interests him and continue pursuing it even after retirement.

Ian plans to engage in commercial sex with a prostitute. Which of the following should he do to protect himself from sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? He should use a condom when having sex. He should immediately take a hot shower after having sex. He should ask the prostitute to consume contraceptive pills. He should consume multivitamin tablets to protect himself from infections.

He should use a condom when having sex.

Seventy-five-year-old Cecily lives in a facility for older adults where she has access to personal and health care services and other leisure activities. Ninety-year-old Graham has moved to a nursing home after he suffered injuries and has become trail from tailing repeatedly in his house. Eighty-year-old Irene prefers to remain by herself in her own house in the village where she has lived since childhood. which of the following is most likely to be true about the living arrangements of these three older adults?

Irene has opted for aging in place, Graham is living in a nonfamily institution that takes care of the elderly, and Cecily is living in an assisted-living facility

Identify a scenario that illustrates an older adult displaying a trait according to disengagement theory. Harry, a 77-year-old, spends most of his time as a volunteer at his neighborhood child care center. Danny, an 80-year-old, spends time solving math puzzles to improve his cognitive skills Jose, a 75-year-old, has reduced going out with his fends for evening strolls. Razia. an 80-year-old. performs meditation to improve her health and well-being

Jose, a 75-year-old, has reduced going out with his fends for evening strolls.

A research study finds that people who have low socioeconomic status (SES) tend to have less healthy lives than those who have high SES. Which of the following statements weakens this finding? Low SES people who are religiously involved from a very young age tend to have poor health. Low SES people who experience loneliness are at a greater risk for depression. Low SES people who experience emotional support from family tend to have greater psychological distress than others. Low SES people who have positive relationships in their community tend to have less emotional stress than others.

Low SES people who have positive relationships in their community tend to have less emotional stress than others.

Which of the following is an example of ageism? Twenty-year-old Nancy ensures that she visits her grandmother, who lives alone, at least once a week. Smith, a gerontologist, believes that all older adults should focus on their functional fitness. Mark, a 63-year-old, believes that he is extremely wise and expects people to give him due respect. Mason, a senior editor, hesitates to assign challenging assignments to freelance journalists who are above 50 years of age.

Mason, a senior editor, hesitates to assign challenging assignments to freelance journalists who are above 50 years of age.

A study that focused on middle-age people finds that people who have a positive emotional outlook are less likely to get sick. Which of the following statements supports this finding? People who have a negative emotional outlook feel strongly connected to others. People who have a positive emotional outlook tend to have intense stress about health and retirement. People who have a positive emotional outlook are most likely to seek medical help when required. People who have a negative emotional outlook tend to be inquisitive.

People who have a positive emotional outlook are most likely to seek medical help when required.

Martha, a child counselor, believes that teenagers should be given a great deal of autonomy with minimal parental monitoring. According to her, this will help build trust and self-esteem in teenagers and help them individuate successfully. Sandra, another child counselor, disagrees. She feels there should be a balance between autonomy and parental intrusiveness. Whose argument is correct and why? Examine the following options and choose the correct response. Sandra is correct because decreased parental monitoring in adolescence has been associated with full-fledged rebellion by teens. Martha is correct because late-onset type of antisocial behavior is often correlated with increased adult supervision and reduced desire for autonomy. Martha is correct because students have been found to be at lower risk for antisocial behavior when parental monitoring is less. Sandra is correct because by 11th grade, students who perceive themselves as having more autonomy are at risk for problem behavior.

Sandra is correct because by 11th grade, students who perceive themselves as having more autonomy are at risk for problem behavior.

Samantha, a high schooler, performs poorly in her midsemester psychology exam. She is high in self-efficacy. In this scenario, which of the following is most likely to be her next course of action? She will claim that the exam included questions from sections that were missed during the classes. She will drop out of high school and do an online course on psychology. She will request the school dean to allow her to change her subject to something easier. She will decide to study more for her end-semester psychology exam.

She will decide to study more for her end-semester psychology exam.

Eighteen-year-old Beatriz is a high schooler. Her parents, Rodrigo and Maria, are closely involved in her life, and they are quite affectionate toward her. According to Nelson, Padilla-Walker, and Neilson (2015), in the given scenario, which of the following is most likely true about Beatriz? She will discriminate against ethnic minority groups. She will have high self-worth. She will have low self-esteem. She will go through the moratorium status in her late 30s.

She will have high self-worth.

Bantruse High School in Nevada has decided to offer sex education from grade 5. The school administration has put together a diverse panel to decide which curriculum to adopt. Mark, a member of the panel, proposes that the curriculum should mainly focus on the message that sex outside of marriage has harmful consequences and should not focus on contraceptives or sexually transmitted infections. Sheila, another panel member, disagrees, and suggests a comprehensive sex education program. According to research, which of the following statements is true? Sheila's approach is better than Mark's at preventing teen pregnancy. Both their approaches are ineffective at preventing teen pregnancy. Mark's approach is better than Sheila's at preventing teen pregnancy. Both their approaches are equally effective at preventing teen pregnancy.

Sheila's approach is better than Mark's at preventing teen pregnancy.

Laura, a 17-year-old high schooler, sees a gradual drop in her academic achievements over the past 5 years. She often complains of getting insufficient sleep, feels tired, and misses school. She tries to compensate for the loss of sleep during the weekdays by sleeping for long hours during weekends. According to the Adolescent Sleep Working Group (2014), which of the following should be most likely suggested to the school management to improve Laura's attendance and academic achievement? The school should mandate that the students take vitamin supplements daily. The school should refrain from giving weekend assignments. The school should start early and encourage students to sleep in the afternoon. The school should offer difficult courses later in the day.

The school should offer difficult courses later in the day.

Why do transgender people have higher rates of depression, suicidality, self-harm, and eating disorders, according to Connolly et al. (2016)? Transgender people are inherently struggling with not being fully female or male. This happens in response to societal pressures, rejection, stigma, and discrimination. Transgender people are genetically predisposed to depression and other mental disorders. Transgender people tend to be of low socio-economic status.

This happens in response to societal pressures, rejection, stigma, and discrimination.

"The increase in access to information on the Internet has both simplified and complicated the process of identity formation in teens." Is this statement correct? Support your answer with suitable reasons.

This statement is correct, as the Internet is a useful tool to help teens explore and learn about their identities. However, so much information from the internet can be harmful, and the use of social media can complicate the process of identity formation due to social media influences or even cyberbullying, which can cause self-esteem and identity issues.

Teenagers Peter and Vincent are both at risk for delinquent behavior. As part of an intervention program to help potential delinquents, Peter is sent to interact with inmates at a state prison and learn about the harsh realities of prison life, while Vincent is made to attend an extensive sports program along with nondeviant youth. According to research, which of the following is most likely to be the outcome of these interventions? Both Peter and Vincent will make about the same level of progress. Vincent will make more behavioral progress than Peter. Peter will make more behavioral progress than Vincent. These interventions will be detrimental to both Peter and Vincent.

Vincent will make more behavioral progress than Peter.

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies hospice care? Doctors administered chemotherapy to James, a terminal pancreatic cancer patient, to prolong his life. With only a few months left to live, Rehan, a lung cancer patient, opted to stay at home with his wife and receive pain-relieving antibiotics. After a successful open-heart surgery, Margaret underwent cognitive behavioral therapy in her home to treat post-surgery depression

With only a few months left to live, Rehan, a lung cancer patient, opted to stay at home with his wife and receive pain-relieving antibiotics.

Matias agrees with Erik Erikson's belief that young people who develop a strong sense of self during adolescence are in a better position, in early adulthood, to fuse their identity with that of another. Matias is also likely to believe that knowing who one is and what one wants makes one less likely to end up with a compatible partner who fulfills one's needs. the normative crisis of young adulthood is either initiative versus guilt or industry versus inferiority. people develop a balance of independence and self-sufficiency for the first time during adolescence. adults who fail to make strong personal commitments to their family or friends risk becoming isolated and self-absorbed.

adults who fail to make strong personal commitments to their family or friends risk becoming isolated and self-absorbed.

When Ann was admitted in the hospital because of complications from a metastatic tumor in her lung, she suddenly started to break things in her room. When her brother rushed in to restrain her, she yelled at him that he should have had cancer since he smoked a lot anyway. Later, she broke down and apologized. According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, which stage of coming to terms with death is Ann in anger acceptance denial

anger

Kyra, a 16-year-old girl, is severely underweight but thinks that she is too fat. She exercises daily for 3 hours and cuts her food into very small pieces while eating. She has not got her periods for the last six months. She is usually depressed and sounds confused. In this scenario, Kyra is most likely to be diagnosed with dyslexia. bulimia nervosa. pica. anorexia nervosa.

anorexia nervosa.

Natalie, a 45-year-old, has a highly demanding job as a senior student counselor at a university. Her husband travels most of the time as part of his job. A year ago, her in-laws moved in with them because of their declining health. Since then, Natalie has been taking care of them singlehandedly. Currently, she is depressed and usually complains of her declining physical health. Her husband is also unable to provide any kind of help because of his job. This scenario best illustrates the concept of an empty nest. caregiver burnout. the boomerang phenomenon. a gender crossover.

caregiver burnout.

According to the The World Bank (2020) and Richardson et al. (2018), which of the following are likely to increase worldwide food insecurity? lack of access to birth control climate change and COVID-19 nuclear war political turmoil and instability

climate change and COVID-19

When she was 28 years old, Salma took an intelligence test. Forty years later, she is administered the test again and the two scores are compared. According to research, Salma's score is most likely to have remained the same in items that required her to quickly scan a group of symbols and spot similar symbols define certain words perform a timed arithmetic problem

define certain words

Ashley's doctor informs her that her test results for leukemia are positive, the cancer has progressed to stage IV, and her chances of survival are little. She reacts to the news casually. Later, she does not show up for follow-up tests and refuses to attend phone calls from the hospital. She thinks that if she refuses to acknowledge the diagnosis, the disease might just reverse or cease to exist. According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, Ashley is most likely to be in the stage of coming to terms with anger denial bargaining

denial

Kumar immigrated to the United States 2 years ago. He continued to celebrate all his cultural festivals with the same level of enthusiasm and excitement as he did in his country. Even today, he has not been able to come to terms with the idea of celebrating the festivals of a foreign country. He feels a sense of contentment and purpose staying close to his roots even if he has immigrated to a foreign country. This scenario best illustrates ethnic conservatism. acculturation. reciprocal determinism. assimilation.

ethnic conservatism.

In a science laboratory class, Meera devises innovative ways of performing a set of laboratory procedures more effectively than before. Which of the following elements of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence is illustrated by Meera's abilities? theoretical knowledge experiential knowledge contextual knowledge componential knowledge

experiential knowledge

Twenty-seven-year-old Sara is married to Samantha. Peter is Sara and Samantha's best friend, and they consider him part of their family. Peter, who is unmarried, visits them frequently and behaves like their family member. In the context of intimate relationships, which of the following is exemplified in this scenario? fictive kinship foreclosure ego resiliency equilibration

fictive kinship

Nabil is a Lebanese American teenager who grew up in a predominantly white neighborhood in Michigan. In middle school, he often wondered why few of his classmates looked similar to him. When he entered his teens, he was doubtful if girls of other ethnic communities would date him. Thanks to his parents' support and his school's efforts to celebrate multiculturalism, he is now proud of his ethnic identity while also confident of developing relationships with people from other communities. In this scenario, in the context of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, Nabil has now developed the virtue of industry. fidelity. ego integrity. generativity.

fidelity.