final exam NUT

Vitamins provide _____ kcal/g.

0

For underweight adults looking to gain weight, which of the following foods would they be encouraged to incorporate into a regular meal and snack schedule?

100% fruit juices Fatty fish Nuts

Athletes who perform more than four hours of moderate- to high-intensity exercise daily may need up to _____/kg body weight/day.

12 g carbohydrate

Under normal conditions, protein provides no more than _____ of the body's energy needs.

15%

A weight gain of up to _____ during the first trimester is common and poses no harm to the success of the pregnancy.

4 pounds

Typically, female athletes training for more than 90 minutes per day need _____ kcal/kg of body weight per day.

45-50

A good initial weight loss goal is typically to lose _____ of one's starting weight over a 6-month period.

5-10%

A very-low-fat diet provides about _____ of calories from fat.

5-10%

An infant's length increases by _____ during its first year of life.

50%

Human milk is sufficient to meet all the nutrient needs of the infant for the first _____ months of life.

6

Alcohol contains

7 kcal/g

Which of the following are factors that influence a mineral's bioavailability?

A person's need for the mineral Source of the mineral

Which factors increase the risk of having a high-birth-weight baby?

A woman whose prepregnancy BMI is obese A woman with poorly controlled diabetes

What are some of the major risk factors for hypertension?

Advanced age Family history Obesity

_____ is a nonnutrient that supplies energy but is toxic to cells.

Alcohol

Certain B vitamins participate in chemical reactions that release energy from which compounds?

Amino acids Fatty acids Glucose

How does your body make vitamin K?

Bacteria in the large intestine can make vitamin K

Select known risk factors for eating disorders.

Being overly dissatisfied with body shape and weight Having low self-esteem and poor self-image Having a history of being a victim of bullying or sexual abuse

Which of the following are major functions of minerals?

Bone health Nerve impulse transmission Fluid balance

What are some differences between breast milk and infant formula?

Breast milk contains human antibodies that are not present in formula Breast milk contains immune system factors that are not present in formula

What is a benefit of consuming commercially available sports drinks during prolonged physical activity?

Can help to delay fatigue because of the carbohydrates they supply

Which of the following are good food sources of provitamin A?

Carrots Pumpkin Cantaloupe

Which of the following are good food sources of calcium?

Cheddar cheese Plain yogurt

What are some of the signs and symptoms of water intoxication?

Confusion Seizures Headache

What are some ways to improve the body's absorption of fat-soluble vitamins in low-fat foods like vegetables?

Cook the vegetables in oil Mix the vegetables with salad dressing

What are some signs of a vitamin C deficiency?

Easy bruising Bleeding gums

_____ refers to the energy needed for cells to carry out their daily activities.

Energy expenditure

Which option best describes energy balance?

Energy intake = Energy output

When iron levels become too low, cells in the body make less of which proteins?

Energy-releasing proteins Myoglobin Hemoglobin

The best food sources of riboflavin include which of the following?

Enriched cereal Milk

Individuals who consume excessive amounts of alcohol have a greater risk of developing which kinds of cancer?

Esophageal Throat Colon

Total body fat is comprised of which two components?

Essential fat Fat tissue

The best way to replenish glycogen stores following exhaustive exercise is to consume about _____ g carbohydrate/kg body weight/hour during the first 4-6 hours after the activity

1.0 to 1.2

What is the recommended weight gain for a pregnant women whose prepregnancy BMI category was considered a healthy weight?

25 to 35 pounds

After an infant starts to eat solid foods, how long should caregivers serve a new food before introducing a different new food?

3 to 5 days

Recommended daily carbohydrate intake for athletes typically ranges from _____.

3-10 g carbohydrate/kg body weight

The prenatal period lasts approximately _____.

40 weeks

The "danger zone" is the temperature range between _____, at which pathogens typically grow well in high-risk foods.

40°F and 140°F

By what age are most infants able to use their fingers to pick up and chew foods such as crackers, toast, and cooked string beans?

8 to 12 months of age

By definition, high-birth-weight babies weigh more than _____ pounds at birth.

8.8

Which of the following are major types of eating disorders?

Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Binge-eating disorder

Choose the tasks in which vitamin C plays a role.

Antioxidant activity Collagen synthesis and maintenance Immune system function

_____ is the minimal number of calories the body uses for vital activities after fasting and resting for 12 hours.

Basal metabolism

How does someone get sick with a food-borne illness?

By eating food containing microscopic disease-causing agents

What is a disease that interferes with fat absorption and can lead to deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins?

Cystic fibrosis

Which of the following are characteristics of individuals with anorexia nervosa?

Emotionally disturbed about their body weight and shape Limit calorie intake such that it results in a very low body weight compared to normal for one's height Have an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat despite their very low weight

What is a way that parents can foster positive eating behaviors in children?

Encourage your child to help with food selection and preparation

Which form of iron is more easily absorbed?

Heme iron

_____ is the craving of nonfood items.

Pica

Choose the roles of vitamin A in the body.

Proper vision Growth and development Maintenance of epithelial cells

Why do infants require more energy per pound of body weight than older children?

To support the rapid growth that occurs in infants

Which of the following are functions of water?

Transports substances Regulates body temperature Removes wastes

Which two agencies regulate the safety of the food supply in the United States?

USDA FDA

A severe psychological disturbance characterized by self-imposed starvation is known as _____.

anorexia nervosa

By sacrificing electrons, _____ protect molecules such as polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged by free radicals.

antioxidants

The medical specialty that focuses on the treatment of obesity is _____.

bariatric medicine

Body composition, calorie intake, and thyroid hormone can influence _____.

basal metabolic rate

The energy derived from the consumption of foods and beverages contributes to _____.

energy intake

During the adolescent growth spurt, food intakes _____.

increase

Excess alcohol consumption can cause hepatitis, which is _____.

inflammation of the liver

Chromium may help with the function of which hormone?

insulin

A goiter is caused by inadequate intakes of _____.

iodine

Minerals that function as electrolytes can also be referred to as _____.

ions

Phosphorus, potassium, and chloride are classified as _____ minerals.

major

Physical activity that a person does not consciously control is known as _____.

nonexercise activity thermogenesis

Individuals who have too much body fat can be considered _____.

overfat

Disease-causing microbes are known as _____.

pathogens

The blood alcohol concentration (BAC) estimates the _____.

percentage of alcohol in the blood

Ergogenic aids are foods, devices, dietary supplements, or drugs that are used to improve _____.

physical performance

Signs and symptoms of _____ deficiency include muscle cramps, confusion, and constipation.

potassium

Ariboflavinosis is the deficiency disease for _____.

riboflavin

Stomach distention during a meal influences _____.

satiety

When desiring to lose excess body weight, it is important to first _____.

set a realistic weight-loss goal

Goiter is the enlargement of the _____.

thyroid gland

Good sources of thiamin and niacin generally include _____.

whole-grain breads and cereals

_____ refers to physical activities that are usually planned and structured for a particular purpose.

Exercise

What are recommended strategies to help reduce the risk of osteoporosis?

Exposing skin to reasonable levels of sunlight Consuming adequate intakes of calcium Regularly performing weight-bearing exercises

_____ is often added to public water supplies.

Fluoride

Human milk may contain inadequate amounts of which nutrients?

Fluoride Vitamin D Iron

Which statement correctly describes food-borne illness?

Food-borne illness is caused by eating food containing microbes or their toxic by-products

_____ are one of the largest suppliers of zinc in a typical American diet.

Fortified cereals

Which of the following effects occur as a result of excessive alcohol consumption?

Increased excretion of certain nutrients Decreased absorption of certain vitamins and minerals

Which hormone reduces hunger?

Leptin

Which mineral helps maintain normal blood pressure levels?

Magnesium

Choose factors that can affect basal metabolic rate.

Sex Age

Which factors can result in water intoxication?

The kidneys experience difficulty filtering water from blood The consumption of excessive amounts of water in a short time period

What gland uses iodine?

Thyroid gland

_____ is involved in producing hormones such as cortisol, making certain chemicals that transmit messages between nerves, and producing bile.

Vitamin C

The protein foods group is a good source of which fat-soluble vitamins?

Vitamin E Vitamin D

Which of the following are fat-soluble vitamins?

Vitamin K Vitamin D Vitamin A

To maintain proper hydration, your water intake should _____ your water output.

be equal to

Produce that is orange, yellow-orange, or dark green can be a good source of _____, a carotenoid the body can convert to retinol.

beta-carotene

Building and maintaining bones is one of the major roles of _____.

calcium

Following a very-low-calorie diet _____ basal metabolic rate.

can decrease

Iron plays a role in _____.

immune system function and brain development

Without adequate _____, muscle and other cells are unable to obtain the energy needed to perform work.

iron

A patient appears with pale skin and brittle, spoon-shaped nails. She complains of being constantly tired. You think she might be experiencing the symptoms of _____.

iron deficiency anemia

The effectiveness of most dietary supplements that are promoted as ergogenic aids _____ by reliable scientific evidence.

is not supported

Fluid balance, cellular metabolism, growth and development, and bone health are major functions of _____.

minerals

Tap water may be a source of _____ that can add to your daily intake.

minerals

When purchasing meats and other animal products, you should select the item with the "best by" date that is _____.

the latest date

Eating crackers and drinking water may decrease the likelihood of _____.

the mother feeling nauseated

Fruits and vegetables are the best dietary sources of _____.

vitamin C

Toxicity signs and symptoms of _____ include gastrointestinal upsets such as diarrhea.

vitamin C

A deficiency of _____ in children can lead to rickets.

vitamin D

Fatty fish like tuna, sardines, and salmon are good sources of _____.

vitamin D

What is a physical change associated with aging that leads to reduced energy needs?

Decrease in basal metabolism

Exercising regularly helps to reduce the risk of which of the following health conditions?

Dementia Type 2 Diabetes Cardiovascular disease

Select the option that correctly describes changes in a woman's dietary needs during pregnancy.

Depending on the trimester, energy and protein needs are greater during pregnancy than prior to pregnancy

What are some of the signs and symptoms of zinc deficiency?

Dermatitis Poor wound healing Hair loss

Which of the following are side effects of a vitamin C intake that exceeds its UL?

Diarrhea Gastrointestinal upset

Which of the following tips can help to reduce the risk of serving contaminated food at home?

Discard the marinade used for meat, fish, or poultry Do not use foods with expired "use by" dates Follow the advice, "Keep hot foods hot and cold foods cold" during serving

Which tip is helpful for controlling mild morning sickness?

Eating smaller, but more frequent meals

Magnesium plays a role in which of the following functions in the body?

Enzyme activity Bone health

Select reasons water-soluble vitamins are generally not as toxic as fat-soluble vitamins.

Excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins are generally eliminated from the body in urine Water-soluble vitamins are generally only stored in limited amounts

_____ vitamins are generally more readily stored in the body than _____ vitamins.

Fat-soluble; water-soluble

Select factors that make very-low-fat diets difficult to follow for the long term.

Favorite high-fat foods like ice cream and meat are excluded Foods are not as tasty because fat contributes to the flavor and texture of foods

_____ is a condition characterized by abnormal physical and intellectual development that affects babies born to women who consumed alcohol during pregnancy.

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Which of the following options contributes the most weight to a woman's weight gain during pregnancy?

Fetus

What are some good food sources of vitamin B-6?

Fish Bananas Poultry

As electrolytes, sodium and chloride participate in which two roles?

Fluid balance Nerve transmission

What are the three best ways to safely thaw foods?

Foods may be thawed in the refrigerator Foods may be thawed in the microwave Foods may be thawed by placing them under cold potable running water

What are some good food sources of folate?

Fortified cereals Enriched grain products

Which of the following foods are good sources of potassium?

Fresh fruits Milk Vegetables

Individuals following a low-carbohydrate diet would greatly reduce consumption of which types of foods?

Fruits Pasta and cereal Breads

Choose variables that can affect the amount of time you must spend in the sun in order to make adequate amounts of vitamin D.

Geographic location Age Skin color

Which hormone stimulates eating behavior? Multiple choice question.

Ghrelin

How do antioxidants protect cells?

Give up electrons to free radicals

Which of the following foods should not be fed to infants?

Goat's milk Raw carrots Whole nuts

What are major food sources of vitamin K?

Green leafy vegetables Soybean and canola oils

Identify the food sources high in vitamin C.

Green pepper Strawberries

Which of the following is a function of zinc?

Growth and development

The risk of which condition can be reduced by light to moderate alcohol consumption?

Heart disease

Which heat-related illness is considered a medical emergency and requires immediate assistance by trained medical staff?

Heatstroke

_____ is considered the most dangerous form of heat-related illness and requires immediate treatment to begin cooling the person's body.

Heatstroke

Choose the substances that a lactating mother needs to be careful about consuming because they could end up in her breast milk and possibly cause health problems for her baby.

Herbal products Alcoholic beverages Over-the-counter medications

Which of the following are weight-bearing activities that can help reduce the risk of osteoporosis?

Hiking Dancing Weightlifting

Obese children are at a greater risk for developing which of the following diseases later in life?

Hypertension Heart disease Type 2 diabetes

What are some health benefits of regular exercise?

Improves your psychological well-being Helps control your weight Strengthens your muscles

Choose some of the common signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia.

Inability to concentrate on tasks Pale skin Fatigue

What are common nutrition-related problems that affect children?

Inadequate calcium intake Iron deficiency Obesity

What are some recommended approaches for underweight adults who want to gain weight?

Increase portion sizes of food Increase intake of foods high in healthy fat Increase intake of calorie-dense foods

What are strategies ones could use to increase the number of calories expended during physical activity?

Increase the intensity of the exercise Exercise for a longer time

Select some possible health effects that may occur with light to moderate alcohol consumption.

Increased HDL cholesterol levels Decreased platelet stickiness

At a BAC level of 0.06 to 0.15%, which of the following are typical effects that can occur?

Increased aggression, in some people Major impairments in the ability to drive or operate other machinery

Which of the following are possible outcomes associated with varying degrees of dehydration?

Increased fatigue Increased muscle weakness Increased thirst

Which group is at greatest risk to develop vitamin K deficiency?

Infants

_____ is a substance produced in the stomach that acts as a special carrier molecule for vitamin B-12 and helps with its absorption.

Intrinsic factor

Which of the following are considered major functions of vitamins?

Involved in amino acid metabolism Involved in red blood cell formation

Choose the major functions of vitamins.

Involved in blood clotting Involved in energy metabolism Involved in immune function

Which mineral is often added to table salt in the United States?

Iodine

What is the only mineral added back to refined grains during the enrichment process?

Iron

_____ is important for proper brain development

Iron

If a pregnant woman's diet is not adequate to meet both her needs as well as those of her developing offspring, she is likely to become deficient in which two nutrients?

Iron Calcium

Choose potential signs of a person suffering from alcohol poisoning.

Is confused "Passes out" and cannot be aroused Breathes slowly and irregularly

Select the statement that correctly describes alcohol.

It dissolves in water

Choose the options that correctly describe the hormone leptin.

It inhibits fat storage in the body Obese people may be resistant to its effects It reduces hunger

Select the statements that correctly describe alcohol.

It is absorbed in the stomach It is absorbed in the small intestine It requires no digestion

Which statement is true about breastfeeding?

It is recommended to exclusively breastfeed infants for their first 6 months of life

What are two reasons colostrum is such a good first food for babies?

It promotes the growth of a type of bacteria that is helpful in the infant's GI tract It contains antibodies and immune system cells

What effect does alcohol intake have on your nutritional status?

It raises blood triglycerides

Compared to people with normal blood pressure, hypertensive individuals have a greater risk of developing which conditions?

Kidney failure Heart disease Stroke

Which two organs are critical for the activation of previtamin D?

Kidneys Liver

What are some examples of things commonly craved with pica?

Laundry starch Soil Chalk

Which of the following are major risk factors for osteoporosis?

Leading a sedentary lifestyle Having Asian or Caucasian ancestry Smoking

Which of the following foods are good sources of preformed vitamin A?

Liver Eggs

Which of the following are obese children more likely to experience?

Low-self esteem Sleep apnea Musculoskeletal problems

Which of the following health effects has been linked to losing just 5-10% of excess body weight?

Lowered blood pressure Increased HDL cholesterol levels Lowered blood glucose levels

_____ is found in chlorophyll, making plant foods rich sources of the mineral.

Magnesium

Which of the following processes are included in basal metabolism?

Maintaining brain function Breathing Circulating blood

Chromium seems to play an important role in which bodily functions?

Maintaining proper carbohydrate and lipid metabolism Enhancing the action of insulin

What roles does vitamin D play in the body?

Maintenance of healthy bones Regulation of neuromuscular function Enhancing absorption of calcium and phosphorus

What contributes to the weight gain that occurs during pregnancy?

Maternal body fat Placenta Fetus

How does the color of mature breast milk compare to that of cow's milk?

Mature breast milk can have a slightly bluish color while cow's milk is white

Which statement is correct about the appearance of mature breast milk compared to cow's milk?

Mature breast milk is more watery than cow's milk

What are advantages of breastfeeding for new mothers?

May promote maternal weight loss Promotes shrinkage of the uterus to its prepregnancy size Reduces uterine bleeding after delivery

Which of the following are good sources of iron?

Meat Fortified cereal

Which of the following foods are good sources of selenium?

Meat Nuts Seafood

What are three factors that can play a role in the development of disordered eating behaviors?

Media presentation of an "ideal" body Concerns about body shape and body weight Television shows portraying only muscular men as happy and successful

Which of the following can negatively influence an older person's nutritional status?

Medications being taken Lack of social support Having a low income

What are some major food sources of vitamin B-12?

Milk Poultry Fish

What are some dietary sources of water?

Milk Vegetables Fruits

What are reasons people need to be careful about taking individual mineral supplements?

Mineral toxicities can occur An excess of one mineral may decrease the absorption and metabolism of other minerals

Select the option that correctly describes minerals.

Minerals cannot be made by plants or animals

Individuals with bulimia nervosa often use compensatory behaviors in an attempt to purge excess calories consumed during binges by doing which of the following?

Misusing laxatives Misusing diuretics Self-induced vomiting

What are some signs and symptoms of rickets?

Muscle pain Soft bones Misshapen bones

What are symptoms of severe potassium deficiency?

Muscle weakness Abnormal heartbeat

Select examples of major federally subsidized food programs in the United States.

National School Lunch Program Meals on Wheels Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

What condition can occur in an infant born to a woman who was deficient in folate during pregnancy?

Neural tube defect

Which of the following are water-soluble vitamins?

Niacin Riboflavin Vitamin B-6

What is the energy requirement during the first trimester?

No change from the nonpregnant EER

What are some common signs and symptoms of vitamin B-12 deficiency?

Numbness and tingling sensations in legs Difficulty walking and maintaining balance

Compared to older children, infants need more per pound of body weight of which two of the following?

Nutrients Energy

Which of the following are good sources of magnesium?

Nuts Beans Seeds

_____ is a condition characterized by an excessive and unhealthy amount of body fat.

Obesity

What are some helpful strategies to elicit positive eating behaviors in children?

Offer a variety of healthy foods each day Eat meals together as a family as often as possible

Choose the medications that are approved by the FDA for long-term use for weight loss.

Orlistat Belviq Qsymia

Choose factors that contribute to undernutrition.

Overpopulation Disease War and political/civil unrest

_____ is found in vegetables such as spinach and collard greens and binds to calcium, reducing its bioavailability in these foods.

Oxalic acid

Select groups other than older adults who are at risk for vitamin B-12 deficiency.

People who have undergone gastric bypass surgery for weight reduction People who take medications that reduce stomach acid production

Select the populations that would be at risk for vitamin K deficiency.

People with a history of long-term antibiotic therapy People with cystic fibrosis People with liver disease

_____ is defined as movement that results from skeletal muscle contraction and is generally unstructured.

Physical activity

Which components are considered part of lifestyle?

Physical activity Diet

Iodine-deficient mothers may give birth to infants who are born with cretinism, which is characterized by which of the following?

Poor growth Permanent brain damage Reduced intellectual functioning

What are the two minerals that have a key role in maintaining fluid balance?

Potassium Sodium

Which of the following foods are good sources of zinc?

Poultry Red meat Oysters

__ is commonplace in many developing countries and plays a contributing role in factors that can lead to undernutrition.

Poverty

Select the situations in which vitamin needs increase and thus vitamin absorption also tends to increase.

Pregnancy Periods of growth

Which of the following factors can influence an adult's BAC?

Prior drinking history Body composition Timing of alcohol consumption

Choose functions of the coenzyme made with vitamin B-6.

Production of proteins used in nerve transmission Synthesis of nonessential amino acids Production of heme

Which of the following are characteristics of a fad diet?

Promotes rapid weight loss without calorie restriction or increased physical activity Recommends buying expensive supplements Limits food selection and requires specific food rituals

Choose foods that are good sources of vitamin K.

Raw spinach Cooked kale

Choose physical changes that are associated with normal aging.

Reduced sensations of smell and taste Decreased strength and stamina

Choose characteristics of fad diets.

Rely on testimonials from famous people Require the purchase of products that contain "secret" weight-loss ingredients

Eggs, butter, fish liver oils, and fortified milk are all good sources of which vitamin?

Retinol

What are some tips to reduce the risk of food-borne illness from contaminated food preparation surfaces?

Sanitize kitchen sponges by washing them in the dishwasher with a heated dry cycle Use hot soapy water to clean kitchen counters before preparing food

_____ is the sense that enough food or beverages have been consumed to satisfy hunger.

Satiety

Which of the following are good dietary sources of iodine?

Seaweed Saltwater fish Shrimp

What are some strategies that can help to reduce the risk of food-borne illness when purchasing food?

Select frozen and highly perishable foods last Do not choose food in damaged containers, including those that bulge or are severely dented Pack meat, fish, and poultry in separate plastic bags

_____ is used to make a group of proteins that act as antioxidants.

Selenium

Which of the following actions are considered nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)?

Shivering Fidgeting

What is an important consideration regarding the use of individual mineral supplements?

Since many minerals have a narrow range of safe intake, individual mineral supplements should be used with caution

Individuals with disordered eating may display which of the following behaviors?

Skipping meals Limiting food choices Bingeing on food

Choose the health conditions that an obese individual has a greater risk of developing.

Sleep apnea Gallbladder disease

Which of the following are examples of nutrient-dense snacks?

Smoothie made with plain yogurt and fresh fruit Whole wheat crackers with cheese cubes Vegetable sticks with hummus

Which statement is true about snacking?

Snacking can be part of an overall healthy diet

Select minerals that function as electrolytes.

Sodium Potassium Chloride

_____ is a neural tube defect in which the spine does not form properly before birth and thus fails to enclose the spinal cord.

Spina bifida

What are two convenient ways to add a source of carbohydrates during prolonged physical activity?

Sports drinks Sports gels

Which cooking methods best conserve the vitamin content of fresh or frozen vegetables?

Stir-frying Steaming Microwaving

Which changes to the digestive tract occur during the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure?

Stomach size is reduced to about 1.5 ounces A segment of the small intestine is bypassed

Select tips to help conserve the vitamin content of fruits and vegetables.

Store canned foods in a cool place and use within one year Purchase fresh produce when it is in season

What are the three important components of a comprehensive exercise program?

Stretching activities Resistance exercises Aerobic exercises

Obesity poses an increased risk for which of the following chronic health problems?

Stroke Osteoarthritis Hypertension

For infants, human milk provides which of the following benefits?

Supplies antibodies and immune cells Contains minerals in highly absorbable forms Is easily digested

Why is folate important during pregnancy?

Supports cell division

Which of the following are important considerations when designing an exercise program?

Take the stairs instead of elevators or escalators whenever possible Reduce the amount of time you spend sitting Incorporate moderate-intensity activities into your leisure time

Which criteria must a nutrient meet to be classified as a vitamin?

The body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health It prevents a specific deficiency disorder when consumed in adequate amounts It occurs naturally in commonly eaten foods

What is unique about the fat content in human milk?

The fat content increases over the course of a feeding session

Your total water intake is comprised of water that comes from which sources?

The foods you eat What your body makes The beverages you drink

How does food processing affect a food's mineral content?

The more food processing a plant food undergoes, the lower its natural mineral content

Energy balance occurs when energy intake is equal to the sum of which three components?

Thermic effect of food Basal metabolism Physical activity

How are eating disorders defined?

They are psychological disturbances that lead to serious health problems

What major role do thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin have in the body?

They help release energy from glucose, fat, and amino acids

What are reasons people routinely drink bottled water as a substitute for tap water?

They think bottled water tastes better They think bottled water is safer

Which vitamins function as coenzymes that assist in the release of energy from fat, glucose, and amino acids?

Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin

Match the water-soluble vitamin on the left with its associated deficiency disease on the right.

Thiamin - Beriberi Riboflavin - Ariboflavinosis Niacin - Beriberi

Select the primary function of iodine.

Thyroid hormone synthesis

What is the purpose of carbohydrate loading?

To maximize muscle glycogen stores prior to competition

Energy expended during physical activity depends on which of the following factors?

Type of activity Duration of the activity Weight of the person

__ occurs when long-term energy and nutrient intakes are insufficient to meet an individual's needs.

Undernutrition

Which of the following are watery fluids within the body?

Urine Blood Lymph

Which of the following is the simplest and most accurate way to determine hydration status?

Urine volume

Which statement is true about the prevention of food-borne illness with meat and poultry preparation?

Use a meat thermometer to check for doneness when cooking beef, poultry, and pork

Select appropriate strategies to reduce the risk of food-borne illness when cooking and serving foods.

Use a meat thermometer to check for doneness when cooking egg-containing dishes Never serve cooked meat, fish, or poultry on the same plate that held the raw product Remove stuffing that was cooked in a bird and transfer it to a clean container for storage

What is an organic micronutrient that regulates certain processes in the body?

Vitamin

The fruit group is a good source of which fat-soluble vitamin?

Vitamin A precursors

Shellfish, poultry, meat, and eggs are all good sources of which vitamin?

Vitamin B-12

_____ is found in animal sources but is not made by plants.

Vitamin B-12

Which two vitamins work together to make the amino acid methionine from homocysteine?

Vitamin B-12 Folate

The vitamin whose main role is involvement in amino acid metabolism is _____.

Vitamin B-6

Which is the best indicator of whether you are consuming enough water?

Volume of urine

What are common signs and symptoms associated with food-borne illnesses?

Vomiting Diarrhea

Choose factors that result in your body losing water and electrolytes.

Vomiting Diarrhea Fever

Which of the following steps should be taken to reduce the risk of food-borne illness when preparing food at home?

Wash your hands before preparing food, especially after using the toilet Wash and scrub the peels of produce under running water Replace cutting boards once they become streaked with cuts

Select the option that correctly describes the use of weight-loss medications.

Weight-loss medication should be combined with reduced calorie intake and increased physical activity

What are physical factors that can lead to reduced food intake in older adults?

What are physical factors that can lead to reduced food intake in older adults?

Why do women and men have different requirements for a healthy minimum percentage of body fat?

Women require extra body fat for normal reproductive function

What are some of the reasons women tend to get drunk more easily than men?

Women tend to have a smaller body size than men Women make less of the enzyme needed for alcohol metabolism than men

Which of the following populations would be at increased risk for iron deficiency anemia?

Women who consume low-iron diets Women with heavy menstrual periods

In children and adolescents, a deficiency of which mineral can cause slowed growth and delayed sexual maturation?

Zinc

_____ is necessary for proper wound healing, the sense of taste, DNA production, and proper immune system functioning.

Zinc

Since muscle tissue is more metabolically active than fat tissue, a person with greater muscle mass will generally have _____ basal metabolic rate compared to someone with less muscle tissue.

a higher

The body's ability to absorb and use a nutrient such as a mineral is called _____.

bioavailability

The _____ indicates a drinker's level of intoxication.

blood alcohol concentration

Medical experts often use _____ to judge whether an adult's weight is healthy.

body mass index

BMI is based on the relationship between a person's height and _____.

body weight

The fatty acids DHA and AA aid in the development of an infant's nervous system, particularly the _____.

brain and eyes

Most B-vitamins function as part of _____.

coenzymes

Ions, such as magnesium and copper, that help an enzyme function are called _____.

cofactors

The name of the yellowish fluid that is first produced by the new mother's breasts is called _____.

colostrum

When iodine is lacking in the diet during pregnancy, the infant can be born with _____.

cretinism

The _____ group is a good source of calcium and phosphorus.

dairy

A reliable food source of calcium in the diet is _____.

dairy foods

The __ is the temperature range in which pathogens usually grow well, especially in a high-risk food.

danger zone

As a person ages, basal metabolism _____ primarily as a result of a _____ lean body mass.

decreases; loss of

The condition that can occur when your body's water content becomes too low is _____.

dehydration

When food and alcohol are consumed together, food _______ the absorption of alcohol from the stomach.

delays

Food-borne illnesses most commonly affect the _____.

digestive system

Temporary changes in eating habits that occur in response to stress, a desire to lose weight, or to modify one's appearance describe _____.

disordered eating.

An infant _____ its birth weight within the first 4 to 6 months and _____ its birth weight by age one.

doubles; triples

People with binge-eating disorder often binge, which is defined as _____.

eating an unusually large amount of food at one time

Lactating mothers should _____.

ensure adequate consumption of hydrating fluids

Previtamin D is the inactive form of vitamin D that is formed from _____.

exposure to sunlight

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are all _____ vitamins.

fat-soluble

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is an example of a _____ in the United States.

federally supported food program

After overeating, a person with binge-eating disorder may _____.

feel disgusted or depressed

Enriched grain products, green leafy vegetables, and asparagus are good sources of _____.

folate

Pregnant women who are deficient in _____ have a high risk of giving birth to an infant with a neural tube defect.

folate

Women need more body fat than men _____.

for reproductive purposes

A highly unstable substance that can remove electrons from more stable compounds is called a(n) _____.

free radical

Athletes can consume sports drinks, fruit, or fruit juices to quickly restore _____ stores following an exhaustive athletic event.

glycogen

People with osteoporosis _____.

have weak bones that fracture easily

Men tend to have _____ metabolic rates than women because they have _____ lean body mass.

higher, more

Vitamin B-12 and folate play a role in forming the amino acid methionine from the toxic amino acid _____.

homocysteine

You go to a restaurant after not having eaten for multiple hours. The uncomfortable feeling that you have before the food is served is known as _____.

hunger

Being physically inactive, having type 2 diabetes, and being of African American ancestry increase the risk of developing _____.

hypertension

Persistently elevated blood pressure is called _____.

hypertension

Alcohol poisoning can be fatal because _____.

if a "passed out" person vomits, he or she can choke to death

A(n) _____ supplement generally is not needed until 4 months of age for healthy breastfed newborns.

iron

Inadequate intake of which nutrient is commonly seen in children?

iron

Evaluation of your food choices and the amount of physical activity you get is necessary to make _____ changes.

lifestyle

Human milk is a rich source of _____ that aid in the development of the nervous system, especially the brain and eyes.

lipids

If left untreated, water intoxication can lead to _____.

loss of consciousness and death

A major role of both potassium and sodium is _____.

maintaining proper fluid balance

The sensation of stomach fullness during meals _____.

may not be recognized and thus may not prevent overeating

The major source of iron in the typical American diet is _____.

meat

What is the main source of heme iron?

meat

For a typical, healthy lactating mother, _____.

milk production will cease if milk is not fully removed from the breasts

Elements in the Earth's rocks, soils, and natural water sources that are required for our health are called _____.

minerals

Females tend to be _____ to develop an eating disorder compared to men.

more likely

Bariatric medicine is the medical specialty that focuses on the treatment of _____.

obesity

A vitamin B-12 deficiency is more common in _____ because HCl production in the stomach declines, preventing these individuals from releasing vitamin B-12 from the protein it's bound to in food.

older adults

A chronic disease characterized by a loss of normal bone mass and a resultant weak bone structure is called _____.

osteoporosis

Consuming diets that provide inadequate calcium and vitamin D intakes is associated with the development of _____.

osteoporosis

Women who breastfeed have a reduced risk of breast cancer before menopause and _____.

ovarian cancer

Vegetables, fruits, dried beans, and meats are good sources of _____.

potassium

Fruits and vegetables are naturally good sources of _____.

potassium and magnesium

A woman's need for iron increases greatly during _____.

pregnancy

The stage of life in which a person reaches physical maturity and is capable of reproduction is known as _____.

puberty

Vitamin E deficiency can cause _____.

reduced immune function

During prolonged exercise, protein is lost from muscle _____.

so certain amino acids can be metabolized for energy

Water acts as a(n) _____, in which other water-soluble substances can dissolve.

solvent

Ghrelin is a hormone secreted by the stomach that _____.

stimulates eating behavior

A bariatric surgical procedure that involves reducing the stomach capacity to approximately the volume of one egg (1.5 oz) and bypassing part of the small intestine is _____.

the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

The USDA and FDA are responsible for regulating _____.

the food industry

Most healthy people meet their AI for water by letting _____ be their guide.

thirst

_____ is the sensation that is the brain's way of signaling you to drink fluids to avoid severe dehydration.

thirst

The prenatal period is divided into _____..

three trimesters

Selenium assists iodine in the production of _____.

thyroid hormone

Sources of Fluoride include

toothpastes and dental rinses

The two major compartments that your body is comprised of are fat-free mass and _____.

total body fat

The water obtained from both metabolic and external sources is called _____.

total water intake

Functions of _____ include regulating the immune system, participating in growth and development, and maintaining normal vision.

vitamin A

Intrinsic factor is required for the absorption of _____.

vitamin B-12

Signs of _____ deficiency include numbness and tingling sensations in the legs, muscle weakness, difficulty maintaining balance, and memory loss.

vitamin B-12

Meat, poultry, fish, and potatoes are all good sources of _____.

vitamin B-6

Scurvy is the _____ deficiency disease.

vitamin C

The body can make _____ when skin is exposed to ultraviolet light (UVB) from the sun.

vitamin D

Nerve damage, difficulty walking, and reduced immune function are common signs and symptoms of _____ deficiency.

vitamin E

You are generally unlikely to become deficient in _____ because bacteria in the large intestine are able to make it.

vitamin K

Individuals following a low-carbohydrate diet usually see a rapid, initial weight loss due to _____ loss.

water

Bioelectrical impedance is based on the principle that _____.

water and electrolytes conduct electricity

With _____, excess water remains in the blood and dilutes the sodium level of blood, ultimately resulting in too much water moving into cells.

water intoxication

Folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin C are all examples of _____ vitamins.

water-soluble

Typically, male athletes training for more than 90 minutes per day need _____ kcal/kg of body weight per day.

≥50

Choose examples of very-low-fat diets.

"Eat More, Weigh Less" diet Pritikin diet

It is important to realize that a mother's milk production relies on _____.

"supply and demand"

A BAC of _____ is the legal limit for intoxication when driving.

0.08

At what BAC level would life-threatening alcohol poisoning be expected to potentially occur?

0.35%

A typical weight gain of about _____ pound(s) per week is typical during the second and third trimesters.

1

Rank how water is lost from the body in order from the greatest source of loss to the smallest source of loss.

1. Exhaled air 2. Sweat 3. Feces 4. Urine

The best way to replenish glycogen stores following exhaustive exercise is to consume about _____ g carbohydrate/kg body weight/hour during the first 4-6 hours after the activity.

1.0 to 1.2

In order to conserve energy, basal metabolic rate often declines when a person consumes fewer than _____.

800 kcal/day

What is the function of a coenzyme?

A coenzyme binds to an enzyme and activates the enzyme so it can function properly

Exposure to which conditions can destroy certain vitamins?

Alkaline conditions Air Excessive heat

What is involved in carbohydrate loading?

Altering dietary intake and physical activity patterns a few days before an event

Select environmental factors that can influence body water losses.

Altitude Temperature Humidity

_____ is a method used to estimate total body fat that uses a low-energy electrical current.

Bioelectric impedance

Which of the following are functions of calcium?

Blood clotting Muscle contraction

Which food source can have such high selenium contents that consumption is recommended in moderation?

Brazil nuts

Select good food sources of chromium.

Broccoli Beef Whole-wheat bread

Select plant foods that are good sources of calcium and do not have greatly reduced calcium bioavailability.

Broccoli Bok choy Kale

_____ is characterized by recurring episodes of bingeing and compensatory purging behaviors.

Bulimia nervosa

How do we obtain minerals?

By drinking water that contains them By eating animals that contain them By eating plants that contain them

Free radical damage may promote chemical changes in cells that can eventually lead to which health conditions?

Cancer Alzheimer's disease

Select the foods and beverages that are not appropriate for infants to consume.

Candy Honey Popcorn

Choose the statement that correctly describes food sources of chromium.

Chromium is widely distributed in foods, but in small amounts

Which of the following are often features of undernutrition?

Chronic hunger Micronutrient deficiencies

What are environmental factors that can limit exposure to UV radiation and thus reduce vitamin D production?

Cloud cover Air pollution Clothing

Which foods are good sources of vitamin D?

Cod liver oil Salmon Fortified milk

Which of the following are considered trace minerals?

Copper Zinc Iron