Final Exam - POLI 201

what 1868 amendment's passage allowed the potential fro the application of the Bill of Rights to the states which adds several restrictions on what the states do? a) 11th b) 12th c) 13th d) 14th e) 15th

14th

By August 1920, with effective lobbying by suffragist groups, three-quarters of the states ratified the __________ Amendment, guaranteeing women the right to vote in the November 1920 presidential election.

19th

when students at a public elementary school are almost all Latino because most of the residents in the neighborhood are Latino, this is an illustration of what type of segregation?

De facto

the landmark supreme court case involving the issue of prayer in public schools is

Engel v. Vitale

_________________ refers to the preeminent institution in which decisions are made that resolve conflicts or allocates benefits and privileges

Government

the Supreme Court first declared that the courts have the power to overturn government acts that conflict w the Constitution in what case?

Marbury v. Madison

what is the notification that police must give a person being arrested that she or he has a right to remain silent and a right to legal counsel commonly known as? a) taking the fifth b) first amendment protection c) Miranda rights d) Gideon's Trumpet e) Griswald Rights

Miranda Rights

what type of voters exhibit high degrees of religiosity and attend services regularly, regardless of church affiliation?

Republican

the protest movement of debt-ridden farmers facing foreclosures on their homes and farms was known as which of the following a) Boston Tea Party b) Boston Massacre c) Shay's Rebellion d) Bloody Thursday e) the Farmers' Rebellion

Shay's Rebellion

in what case did the court rule that the section of DOMA that limited spousal recognition under federal law to a man and a woman is unconstitutional?

United States v. Windsor

one formal method of proposing an amendment to the Constitution is

a 2/3 vote in each chamber of Congress

the Constitutional Convention of 1787 was brought about by which of the following? a) publication of the treaty of Paris b) a request by President Washington c) a failure of the Articles of Confederation d) the publication of the Declaration of Independence e) the end of the Revolutionary War

a failure of the Articles of Confederation

which of the following is a requirement in federal legislation that forces state and local governments to comply with certain rules? a) a wavier b) an earmark c) a federal mandate d) a national agenda e) a leverage package

a federal mandate

What did the 13th amendment do?

abolished slavery

As parental and school influences wane in adulthood, _________ emerge as more important socialization agents.

adult peer groups and mass media

a university uses an admissions policy that gives special consideration to traditionally disadvantaged groups to overcome the present effects of past discrimination. The university is applying what?

affirmative action

what of the following was a major outcome of the Voting Rights Act of 1965? a) the elimination of discriminatory voter registration tests b) the establishment of federal voter registrars c) the establishment of federally administered voter registration procedures d) limitations on the abilities of countries in the South to change voter registration procedures without federal approval e) all of the above

all of the above

to accurately represent the target population, a small sample should be which of the following? a) randomly selected b) representative of the whole group c) representative in the terms of demographic traits (age, region, religion, race) d) representative in terms of opinions e) all of these are correct

all of these are correct

as a political value, how is equality defined?

all people are of equal worth

the declaration of independence reflects the philosophy of John Locke, who argued that

all people possess certain natural rights, and it is the duty of the government to protect those rights

The articles of Confederation did which of the following? a) provided for a bicameral legislature b) established a strong executive branch c) allowed the states to retain most of their power d) created a way to raise taxes to fund an army e) ended slavery

allowed the states to retain most of their power

The Constitution would not have been ratified in several important states if the Federalists had not assured the states that __________. a) a ban on the importation of slaves would be a focus of the first Congress b) amendments to the constitution would be passed to protect individual liberties against incursions by the national government c) amendments to the constitution would be passed to protect the rights of states against incursions by the national government d) an amendment to prohibit the manufacture, sale, and consumption of liquor would be passed e) slaves that had escaped to free states would not have to be returned to their owners in slave states

amendments to the Constitution would be passed to protect individual liberties against incursions by the national government

contrary to the southern states intention, which of following was a result of the Civil war? a) an increase in the political power of individual states b) the expansion of voting rights to all citizens, including blacks and women c) a resurgence of Southern manufacturing and Northern agriculture d) an increase in the political power of the national government e) thousands of banks failing and widespread unemployment

an increase in the political power of the national government

the 24th amendment ratified in 1964, did what?

banned poll taxes in primary and general elections for national office

What are the first ten amendments to the Constitution called?

bill of rights

what caused the era of dual federalism to end?

citizens looked to the federal government to address problems created by the Great Depression

in a federal system, which of the powers are held jointly by the national and state governments?

concurrent powers

informal methods of changing the U.S. Constitution include which of the following? a) decisions of state courts, judicial activism, and presidential action b) congressional legislation, judicial review, and presidential action c) acts of international legislatures, stare decisis, and presidential action d) ad hoe juries, judicial review, andbureaucratic actions

congressional legislation, judicial review, and presidential action

a poll indicating the 92% of adults believe an education beyond high school is crucial for success in today's job market represents which of the following types of opinion?

consensus

what is the basis for power and legitimacy in American government? a) consent of the governed b) universal suffrage c) one man, one vote d) rights to life and liberty e) majority rule

consent of the governed

a government program that is funded by the national government but run and managed by state governments is emblematic of which of the following? a) dual federalism b) cooperative federalism c) enumerated powers d) reserved powers e) the supremacy clause

cooperative federalism

which powers has the power to coin money, create naturalization laws, admit new states, and declare war?

enumerated

which of the following was on of the main actions of the Second Continental Congress? a) establishing an army and appointing a commander-in-chief b) signing a treaty w Britain prohibiting trade w France c) signing a treaty w France to declare war on Great Britain d) creating a unitary government in America e) establishing a document w ambitious designs to join w Great Britain in a war against Spain

establishing an army and appointing a commander-in-chief

which part of the 1st amendment prevents Congress from supporting one religion as the nation's official religion? a) establishment b) free exercise c) full faith and credit d) impartiality e) elastic

establishment

what legal principle holds that evidence collected during a search found to be unconstitutional cannot be used in trial? a) exclusionary rule b) incorporation clause c) 5th amendment d) full faith and credit clause e) 7th amendment

exclusionary rule

in the case of Mapp v Ohio the U.S. Supreme Court

extended the exclusionary rule to states

During the constitutional deliberations, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison, to sway public opinion, wrote 85 essays known as which of the following? a) the antifederalist papers b) common sense c) the Federalist papers d) the Mayflower Compact e) the pluralist papers

federalism papers

which amendment forbade the states from denying any person "equal protection under the law"?

fourteenth

what is the constitutional protection that ensures unqualified religious freedom? a) freedom of association b) symbolic speech c) free exercise clause d) clear and present danger test e) elastic clause

free exercise clause

which of the following is an exception to the exclusionary rule supported by the Supreme Court? a) probable cause does not need to be established in civil matters b) potential death penalty cases may disregard all standard evidence rules c) good faith exceptions may be made for officers utilizing the incorrect search warrant form d) the homes of witnesses to a crime may be searched without a warrant e) good intention exceptions may be made for veteran officers in felony matters

good faith exceptions may be made for officers utilizing the incorrect search warrant form

the Lemon test includes determining whether a law does which of the following? a) the government or individuals face harm b) the government has a compelling state interest c) Government involvement meets the standards of rational basis review d) Government involvement advances a particular religion e) the government has the ability to tax religious property

government involvement advances a particular religion

the contemporary political "gender gap" refers to the tendency of women to do which of the following? a) identify more w the Democratic party than men do b) vote less than men do c) favor female candidates for office over male candidates d) pay less attention to politics than men do e) vote more for Republican candidates than men do

identify more with the Democratic Party than men do

the comprehensive set of beliefs about the nature of people and the role of government is known as which of the following? a) ideology b) value system c) political science d) political socialization e) political culture

ideology

the Virginia Plan included which of the following? a) it called for a bicameral legislature b) it worked to the advantage of the small states c) it provided for the direct election of the president by the people d) it settled all of the controversies e) it called for Supreme Court justices to select the president

it called for a bicameral legislature

why was the ruling in McCulloch v Maryland significant?

it established the doctrine of implied powers

What did the USA Patriot Act do?

it expanded the government's ability to tap phones and monitor Internet traffic

as it related to the state, what does the full faith and clause mean?

it honors the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of other states

which of the following did the early Supreme Court generally do under Chief Justice John Marshall? a) it preserved states' rights b) it lessened trade powers between the states c) it issued conflicting decisions about the balance between national and state power d) it remained silent about federalism issues e) it increased national power

it increased national power

in a federal political system, how is the authority distributed?

it is divided between the central government and regional or sub divisional governments

what does it mean when a state government passes a law that forbids texting while operating a vehicle? a) it is employing concurrent powers according to 10th Amendment b) it is delegating enumerated powers to the national government c) it is implementing inherent powers d) it is exercising police powers e) it is reserved for Congress to decide

it is exercising police powers

which of the following best describes the transfer of political attitudes and beliefs? a) it is more likely to occur from children to parents b) it is more likely to occur from parents to children c) it is just as likely to occur from children to parents as it is to occur from parents to children d) it is exceptionally rare in families e) it never occurs from children to parents

it is more likely to occur from parents to children

what does the incorporation doctrine do?

it is the view that the provisions of the bill of rights are extended to individuals for protection against action by states

During the time of the Constitutional Convention, why was federalism was an appealing compromise? a) it prevented cities and states from being dominated by a single group or faction b) it maintained state traditions while creating a strong national government to handle common problems c) it allowed politicians to avoid issues of slavery and women's suffrage d) it permitted states to nullify actions of the national government e) it made the national government the focal point of dissatisfaction

it maintained state traditions while creating a strong national government to handle common problems

which of the following is true with regard to the Great Compromise? a) it was advanced by delegated from Georgia b) it proposed a bicameral legislature w equals representation in the Senate c) it was presented too late to be considered d) it was proposed by Delaware e) it proposed a unicameral legislature in which each state would have one vote

it proposed a bicameral legislature w equal representation in the senate

the power of the Supreme Court to declare actions of the other branches of government to be unconstitutional is known as which of the following? a) judicial review b) judicial activism c) legislative ratification d) the supremacy doctrine e) the Madisonian model

judicial review

what are the Jim Crow laws?

laws that were enacted by southern whites in the late 19th century to establish segregation policies

the case of Gideon v. Wainwright affirmed that the state must provide which of the following to criminal defendants? a) trial by a jury of peers b) legal counsel c) information about their constitutional rights d) opportunity to confront their accuser e) a sentence without cruel and unusual punishment

legal counsel

An American, who supports the creation of election districts that are likely to vote for minority candidates for public office and wants more restrictions on business is likely to be of what political ideology?

liberalism

The concept in which the Constitution provides the fundamental structure of government and describes what the national government can and cannot do is called what?

limited government

Civil liberties are understood to be which of the following? a) equal economic treatment under the law b) equality of opportunity and equality of outcome for all individuals c) limits on government power to interfere with personal freedoms d) equal educational opportunity under the law e) absolute freedom for all individuals

limits on government power to interfere with personal freedoms

which of the following is true regarding the civil rights legislation that was passed by Congress after the Civil War? a) much of it was a very ineffective and parts were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court b) it played a major role in creating equality for African Americans c) it was accepted by the American public d) it prevented African Americans from being extended equal public accommodation e) all of the above

much of it was very ineffective and parts were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court

While many point to slavery as the reason the Civil War was fought, many also point out that it was really a battle over what? a) property rights and excessive taxation b) national government supremacy versus the rights of the states c) whether to align with England or France d) instilling term limits at all levels of government e) expanding U.S. borders and the resulting immigration

national government supremacy versus the rights of the states

As originally written, the Bill of Rights limited the activities of which level(s) of government? a) both national and state b) neither national nor state c) national government, but not state d) state government but not national e) national, state, and local government

national government, but not state

a poll that indicated 20% of respondents approve of the U.S. military assisting in issues of regional violence in Africa, 17% disapprove and a majority do not know enough to answer exemplifies what opinion?

nonopinon

where can the right to privacy be found in the constitution?

not explicitly referenced in the Constitution

which of the following best described the meaning of the first amendment's free exercise clause? a) people can believe and practice their religious beliefs without any restriction b) people can believe whatever they want, but they cannot practice beliefs that are harmful to the public welfare c) people cannot hold religious beliefs that are harmful to the public d) every religious belief is welcome, and every religious practice is to be respected by all e) parents can refuse to vaccinate their children based on religious grounds

people can believe whatever they want, but they cannot practice beliefs that are harmful to the public welfare

the set of ideas, values, and ways of thinking about government and politics that are shared by all citizens is known as which of the following? a) politics b) political culture c) political socialization d) socialism e) a social contract

political culture

the process by which people acquire political beliefs and attitudes is called what?

political socialization

what was the ruling of the U.S. supreme court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)?

public school segregation of races violates the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment

in 1620, the first colonists in New England came to the New World in search of

religious freendom

the framers of the Constitution chose to form what type of government?

republic

the bill of rights guarantees rights of the people to peaceably assemble, but the supreme court has allowed local governments to do which of the following? a) regulated the size of any and all assemblies, on public or private property b) limit the duration and loudness of demonstrations, allowing officials to eliminate business disruptions c) prohibit demonstrations by religious or hate groups d) require permits for parades and demonstrations, allowing officials to control traffic or prevent demonstrations from turning into riots e) prohibit demonstrations staged in religious enclaves

require permits for parades and demonstrations, allowing officials to control traffic or prevent demonstrations from turning into riots

Originally, the Constitutional Convention's purpose was to

revise the articles of confederation

the mayflower compact was written in order to ensure that american colonist lived under which of the following a) rule by the crown b) rule by parliament c) rule of law based on the consent of the governed d) roberts' rules of order e) Judeo-Christian ethics

rule of law based on the consent of the governed

which of the following best exemplifies the free exercise clause of the U.S. constitution? a) the prosecution of criminals under religious legal jurisprudence b) the establishment of a free public education system c) separation of church and state d) protection of hate speech e) the application of civil liberties to the states

separation of church and state

the assignment in the Constitution of lawmaking, law-enforcing, and law interpreting functions to the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, repectively, is known as which of the following? a) supremacy clause b) inherent powers c) direct democracy d) implied powers clause e) separation of powers

separation of powers

the theory that individuals form communities by mutual consent, giving up some of their individual liberty in order to gain the protection of government, is known as which of the following? a) divine right b) social contract c) a leviathan d) communitarianism e) elitism

social contract

american women are more likely to support which of the following? a) capital punishment b) restrictions on access to abortions c) social welfare programs d) military interventions abroad e) legislation restricting the rights of homosexuals

social welfare programs

what did the 15th amendment do?

state that the right to vote shall not be abridged on account of race

states were granted extra representation based on the number of slaves they held under which of the following? a) the slavery population clause b) the equal population clause c) the 3/5 compromise d) the 5/8 compromise e) the census clause

the 3/5 compromise

the verdict of Plessy v. Ferguson directly resulting in what?

the development of a system of legalized racial segregation

Theoretically, the colonies were governed by England, but the colonist were able to exercise a large measure of self- government for which of the following reasons? a) the british crown had little interest in any activities in the colonies b) the distance between the mother country and the colonies allowed more freedom c) the british were more concerned w colonies elsewhere d) colonial representatives in parliament had lobbied for more freedom e) the british had not issued a charter to each of the colonies, thus allowing greater individual rights

the distance between the mother country and the colonies allowed more freedom

the necessary and proper clause of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution is also known as _________

the elastic clause

one of the reasons the U.S. constitution is relatively short is which of the following? a) the framers weren't sure what should be included b) there were so many arguments that many things could not be included c) the framers only wanted the Constitution to be a framework for the new government d) the framers expected a new constitutional convention every 40-50 years e) President Washinton voted a number of articles that would have otherwise been part of the Constitution

the framers only wanted the Constitution to be a framework for the new government

which of the following is the best description of the political value known as liberty? a) freedom to do whatever you want b) availability only in the united states c) the greatest freedom of the individual consistent with the freedom of other individuals d) incompatible with government authority e) a uniquely American value

the greatest freedom of the individual consistent with the freedom of other individuals

in a unitary system of government, the ultimate authority is located on which of the following levels? a) the state or provincial level b) the local or municipal level c) the regional level d) the national or central level e) the state of provincial level and the local or municipal level

the national or central level

which of the following statements regarding the Gibbons v. Ogden case is true? a) the national government lost the power to regulated intrastate commerce b) state governments won the right to control navigation in interstate waters c) the power to regulate interstate commerce was determined to be an exclusive national power of the federal government d) the ruling provided the national government with decreasing power over economic affairs throughout the land e) the Supreme Court found that commerce was defined as the exchange of goods and not navigation or transport of people

the power to regulate interstate commerce was determined to be an exclusive national power of the federal government

which of the following is an example of a concurrent power? a) the power to tax b) the power to declare war c) the power to regulate interstate commerce d) the power to negotiate treaties e) the power to print money

the power to tax

the constitution has remained largely intact for over 200 years because of which of the following? a) the principles set forth in the Constitution are flexible enough to meet new events and concerns b) the principles set forth in the Constitution are impractical to amend c) the principles set forth in the Constitution can only be changed in certain parts d) the principles set forth in the Constitution are unchallenged principles of the Founding Fathers e) the principles set forth in the Constitution are mandated to remain unchanged

the principles set forth in the Constitution are flexible enough to meet new events and concerns

which of the following statements is correct regarding the Bill of Rights? a) the rights guaranteed in the bill of rights change over time, depending on interpretation by the Supreme Court b) the rights guaranteed to all citizens in the Bill of Rights are self- executing and have required little interpretation c) the bill of rights has always been equally applied to both the national and state governments d) the bill of rights consists of additions to the civil liberties initially discussed in the Constitution e) the bill of rights narrowly defines basic freedoms, requiring great consideration by the supreme court in interpreting them

the rights guaranteed in the bill of rights change over time, depending on interpretation by the Supreme Court

what is the doctrine of dual federalism?

the state and federal governments have separate functions

What preemptive power is rooted in the Constitution that allows Congress to impose national priorities on states through national legislation?

the supremacy clause

why didn't the framers of the constitution create a direct democracy

they believed that the rights of the minority would be suppressed by the majority

which of the following was true of the federalists? a) they supported the new constitution b) they were most rural people from the lower classes c) they did not attend the Constitution Convention d) they supported the status quo e) they were worried that the national government would be too powerful

they supported the new constitution

what was the purpose of the poll tax used in many southern states?

to dissuade the African Americans and poor whites from voting

North Korea is known for its lack of freedom, of speech, press, and assembly. The needs of the ruler and regime are paramount, and dissent often means imprisonment or death. These are the characteristics of what kind of government

totalitarianism

The concept of separation of powers was included in the Constitution to prevent a) disputes between the federal and state governments b) the imposition of export taxes c) a major dispute over power between the House and the Senate d) disputes over power between Congress and the president e) tyranny by either the majority or the minority

tyranny by either the majority or the minority

as the political document, the Mayflower compact

was a political agreement reflecting the 17th century ideas of a social contract

what did the white primary in southern states allow?

whites to exclude African Americans from voting in Democratic Party primaries