Exam 2

Someone you know who has body dysmorphic disorder is considering plastic surgery. Based on available research, what is your BEST advice?

"Be careful. Often, people who have plastic surgery for body dysphoric disorder actually feel worse afterwards."

A friend says, "I feel like I'm stressed out and sick all the time. What kind of person is least likely to have an immune system messed up like mine?" Your BEST answer is:

"an optimist who is highly spiritual"

Patients receiving therapy for a psychological problem, on average, experience greater improvement than ______ of people with similar problems who do not receive treatment.

75 percent

The correlational method of research may include all of the following EXCEPT:

ABAB (reversal) studies.

If a participant's self-stimulation is observed, punished, observed again without punishment, and punished again, the design is a(n):

ABAB reversal.

An alcoholic got into a bar fight and killed his opponent. Which legal test would MOST likely be used to find him not guilty by reason of insanity?

Durham test

Suffering from a psychophysiological disorder such as headaches, alcoholism, and substance abuse, might make one eligible for an insanity defense under the:

Durham test.

The version of the insanity defense that declares that a person cannot be held responsible for his or her actions if they were the result of mental disease or mental defect is called the:

Durham test.

Based on current research, what is the BEST conclusion about the cause of acute and posttraumatic stress disorders? Is nature or nurture more responsible for these disorders?

It's probably an interaction. Both nature and nurture are important.

Which of the following cases caused the uproar and outrage that led to a return to the M'Naghten rule in determining insanity?

John Hinckley's attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan

"I'm sorry I did that. I didn't know it was wrong," is MOST consistent with the:

M'Naghten rule.

Which of the following is NOT usually true of those with body dysmorphic disorder?

Most disorder-specific behaviors would be considered "normal" for a teenager.

Which theory states that people develop generalized anxiety disorders because they failed to receive unconditional positive regard as children and evaluate themselves with conditions of worth?

Rogers' client-centered theory

Critics of the evolutional perspective of abnormal behavior cite all of the following EXCEPT:

The perspective is overly precise.

Which of the following is NOT a typical concern that psychologists have regarding cybertherapy?

There is a lack of demand for the therapies currently available.

What do acute and posttraumatic stress disorder have in common with dissociative disorders?

They are triggered by traumatic events.

Of the following, the individual with the MOST risk of developing heart disease is:

Type A, hostile.

Which of the following questions is an attorney MOST likely to ask his or her jury specialist?

What approach should I take in order to get the jury to favor my side?

What can a person who is found to be guilty but also mentally ill expect?

a prison term with the recommendation for treatment

If someone were to correlate scores on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale with the numbers of physical (health) complaints, one would MOST likely find:

a significant positive correlation.

A person who has been criminally committed has been:

accused of a crime and sent to a psychiatric institution for mental health treatment.

The gland that produces a hormone that is involved in the reaction to fearful and stressful situations is the:

adrenal gland.

Which of the following behavior patterns is NOT listed in the DSM-5 as an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder?

agoraphobia

The phobia MOST often associated with panic disorder is:

agoraphobia.

The MOST common mental disorders in the United States are the:

anxiety disorders.

People who experience a positive event, get excited, breathe harder, and have an increase in their heart rate, then interpret the symptoms as a heart attack, are experiencing what cognitive theorists call:

anxiety sensitivity.

Which one of the following is the BEST example of a broad social anxiety?

apprehension about being evaluated by others

According to cognitive theorists, people experiencing anxiety sensitivity:

are unable to assess bodily sensations accurately.

Which of the following medications works primarily by enhancing GABA?

benzodiazepines

The principle of parens patriae (parent of the country) permits the state to make decisions that promote an individual's best interest. It has been used to support the process of:

civil commitment.

Criticisms of the insanity defense point to all of the following EXCEPT that:

clinicians are biased to assume that people have free will and are responsible for their actions.

"Everyone has intrusive and unwanted thoughts. Most people ignore them. But some people blame themselves and expect terrible consequences, so they act in ways they hope will neutralize the thoughts." The type of theorist MOST likely to agree with this quote would be a:

cognitive theorist

The form of therapy that helps clients recognize errors in logic, and to try out new interpretations of events, is:

cognitive.

According to your text, meditation, hypnosis, and cognitive interventions are all useful in:

controlling pain.

If a person accused of a crime is found not guilty by reason of insanity, he or she is committed to a psychiatric facility for treatment. This is called:

criminal commitment.

The MOST legitimate criticism of intelligence tests concerns their:

cultural fairness.

According to Freud, a generalized anxiety disorder is MOST likely to result when:

defense mechanisms are too weak to cope with anxiety.

A therapist who broke confidentiality with a patient without the patient's consent because of fears that the person would harm someone else was acting according to the ethical principle of:

duty to protect.

Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively?

dysfunction

Therapies that have received clear research support are called:

evidence-based.

According to DSM-5 one must demonstrate which of the following set of symptoms in order to be diagnosed with General Anxiety Disorder?

excessive worry for six months, restlessness, behavior changes, distress

Which of the following would you NOT find on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

exercise

If a study's findings generalize beyond the immediate study to other persons and situations, then the study has:

external validity.

A campus newspaper publishes an "Exam Anxiety" test, which was put together by the newspaper staff one evening just before their publishing deadline. Despite its hasty construction, the test MOST likely has:

face validity.

A woman complains of an assortment of physiological ailments. You think that she is intentionally producing the physical symptoms in order to gain attention. You also think that the ailment fills some psychological need. You would diagnose:

factitious disorder.

Those who are MOST likely to experience a psychological stress disorder are:

female, or low-income individuals.

A person who is restless, keyed up, and on edge for no apparent reason is experiencing:

free-floating anxiety.

If your parent has just been diagnosed with essential hypertension, you know that the physician thinks your parent's hypertension:

has both physical and psychological causes.

One distinction that DSM-5 makes between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder is based on:

how long the anxiety symptoms last.

The statement or prediction that we make about a potential causal relationship in a proposed study is called the:

hypothesis.

A defendant is considering hiring a psychologist to help select a "friendly" jury for an upcoming trial. Research has shown that:

it is not clear whether a psychologist's judgment is more valid or accurate.

A teammate of a basketball player says, "Congratulations on making those game-winning free throws. Weren't you bothered by the fans waving their arms behind the basket?" The basketball player replies, "Thanks. I felt a little nervous, but to tell the truth, I didn't even notice the fans." MOST likely, the player who made the foul shots has:

low situational and trait anxiety

Which of the following has the goal of reducing the cost of mental health services?

managed care

The type of system that many health insurance companies have set up to try to curtail expenses associated with providing treatment is referred to as a(n):

managed care system.

Tarantism and lycanthropy are examples of:

mass madness.

Imagine that you are being treated for a social anxiety disorder. Your therapist watches you act out a social scene, points out what you did correctly and incorrectly, and praises you for what you did well. Which behavioral technique did your therapist NOT use?

modeling

Davon watched his father recoil from a snake in fear. Now he is afraid of snakes. This apparent acquisition of fear of snakes is an example of:

modeling.

One study showed that playing with a Game Boy prior to surgery was ______ in relaxing young patients.

more effective than antianxiety drugs

The reduction in activity of the immune system when a person is under stress is related to the activity of the neurotransmitter:

norepinephrine

In modeling, the client:

observes the therapist confronting the feared object.

When a young child yells and throws toys ("temper tantrum"), the parents give the child a good deal of attention. As time goes on, the temper tantrums become more and more common. A behavioral psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from:

operant conditioning.

Psychoanalysis was developed as a form of:

outpatient therapy.

You notice someone who is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. If it is not a heart attack, but an indicator of anxiety disorder, it is probably a:

panic attack.

Imagine that you just had a "close call" while driving, but now you feel your body returning to normal. Which part of your nervous system is controlling this return to normalcy?

parasympathetic nervous system

A student who turns pale and feels nauseated when called on to speak in class is experiencing a(n) ______ response to stress.

physical

Recent research shows that high levels of anxiety and other emotional problems among those living in poverty may be caused by:

physiological changes resulting from stress.

A patient participates in weekly therapy for several years, gradually becoming aware of the impact of early life events on present functioning. The form of psychotherapy the patient is receiving is called:

psychodynamic therapy

Which perspective was supported by the discovery that the symptoms of hysteria (e.g., mysterious paralysis) could be induced by hypnosis?

psychogenic

A person who primarily prescribes medication but does not conduct psychotherapy is called a:

psychopharmacologist.

Combat veterans in a therapy group express a great deal of guilt and rage. MOST likely, the veterans are in a(n):

rap group.

You blame your poor performance on a test that you didn't study for on all the other work you had to do. The defense mechanism that BEST explains your behavior is:

rationalization.

Members of "Mad Pride" try to:

reduce the stigma of mental illness.

The current trend in legislation and treatment regarding people who commit sex crimes and are also mentally ill is to:

require both punishment for the crime and treatment.

Courts ask for mental health professionals to help determine if defendants are:

responsible for the crimes they commit and capable of defending themselves in court.

Based on recent research, it can be concluded that the impact of repeated combat deployments:

significantly increases one's risk of developing PTSD.

A person diagnosed with sleep apnea is MOST likely to be someone who:

snores, and is overweight.

Someone interested in the effects of social change, poverty, and race on the risk for generalized anxiety disorders probably represents the ______ perspective.

sociocultural

Research suggests that which of the following people would be most likely NOT to develop a stress disorder following trauma?

someone who believes that events are generally under his or her control

Regarding the cause of mental disorders, surveys have found that 43 percent of people today believe that mental illness is caused by which of the following?

something people bring on themselves

"Why do we do natural experiments?" asks a friend of yours. "After all, each disaster that causes a natural experiment is unique." A good answer to your friend would be, "Using natural experiments, researchers have learned quite a lot about:

stress disorders."

During the preclinical phase of a drug study, researchers are:

testing the drug on animals.

According to the psychodynamic perspective, if someone keeps having thoughts of engaging in immoral sexual behavior and repeatedly scrubs his or her face and hands in response to those thoughts:

the immoral images represent id impulses.

Which theoretical position explains the origin of anxiety disorders as the overrun of defense mechanisms by neurotic or moral anxiety?

the psychodynamic approach

Kelly was in a passenger plane that had engine trouble. She watched as all four engines quit, one at a time. Then the plane exploded and she was thrown free 5,000 feet in the air. It was a miracle that she survived, although severely injured. She had landed in a thick pine forest covered with 10 feet or more of snow. When she regained consciousness several weeks later, she had a stress reaction that lasted for years, and she could never fly again. The factor that probably MOST contributed to her extreme posttraumatic stress reaction was:

the severity of the trauma.

In many areas, asylums of the 1500s, such as Bethlehem Hospital in London, became:

tourist attractions.

When I was a young child and watching TV with my mother, a mouse ran by. My mother screamed, scaring me. Subsequently, I have been afraid of mice. In this example, my mother's scream is the:

unconditioned stimulus.

A phobic person is exposed to computer graphics that simulate real-world situations. This is an example of the ______ technique

virtual reality.

The current code of ethics declares that a therapist should break confidentiality even without the client's consent:

when the client or another person is threatened.

Religious rituals and superstitious behavior (such as not stepping on cracks) would be considered a compulsive behavior:

when they interfere with daily function and cause distress.

For a person to be involuntarily committed, the mental health professional must provide clear and convincing proof of mental illness:

with 75 percent certainty.