final exam psychology

social norms

A group's expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for its members' attitudes and behavior

Self-Serving Bias

Attributional pattern in which one takes credit for successes but denies responsibility for failures

stereotype

Cognitive schemas of a group, in which a person believes that all members of a group share common traits

diffusion of responsibility

Dilution or weakening of each group member's obligation to act when responsibility is perceived to be shared with all group members

soloman asch

conformity-difficulty in maintaining your own beliefs Psychologist Solomon Asch's experiments illustrated the powerful influence that other people's opinions have on the judgments of an individual; when confronted by group support of a conclusion, even one unsupported by visible evidence, individuals went along with the group.

stanley Milgrim

demonstrated the powerful effects of obedience to authority Stanley Milgram and coworkers investigated whether people would follow orders, even when the order violated their ethical standards.

script

involves a person's knowledge about the sequence of events and behavioral actions that is expected of a particular social role in a given setting.

schema

is a cluster of related concepts that provides a general conceptual framework for thinking about a topic, and event, a person or situation in one's life, and once it is formed, it enables a person to make predictions about what to expect in various settings.

social psychology

is the branch of psychology that studies the effects of social variables and cognitions on individual behavior and social interactions - stated more simply, how people affect each other and how the social contexts we are in affect us.

The fundamental attribution error (FAE)

is the tendency to overemphasize personal traits while minimizing situational influences. The FAE is best thought of as a bias, not an error.

Situationism

is the view that environmental conditions or the behavioral context may influence people's behavior as much as or more than their personal dispositions under the same situations. (traffic)

groupthink

members of the group attempt to conform their opinions to what each believes to be the consensus of the group. seek to be on the same page as everyone

social context

refers to many different things: It could include: The actual people around us. Imagined or symbolic representations of other people around us The activities that take place among people The settings in which behavior occurs (whether it's home or school or a dance club, whatever) And finally, the expectations and norms governing behavior in a given setting.

social role

refers to prescribed behavior - the way you should do something, and why and when you should do it. The situations in which you live and function determine the roles that are available to you and the behaviors that others expect of you.

social neuroscience

uses methodologies from brain sciences to investigate social behaviors. brain scanning technology(fMRI) different brain regions involved in independent judgments vs. conformity

dispositionism

which is the tendency to look within the individual actor for explanations of why someone acted in a particular way. (woke up late)